1
|
Park S, Rice A, Im W, Pastor RW. Spontaneous curvature generation by peptides in asymmetric bilayers. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:512-522. [PMID: 37991280 PMCID: PMC10922693 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins play crucial roles in membrane remodeling by inducing spontaneous curvature. However, extracting spontaneous curvatures from simulations of asymmetric bilayers is challenging because differential stress (i.e., the difference of the leaflet surface tensions) arising from leaflet area strains can vary substantially among initial conditions. This study investigates peptide-induced spontaneous curvatureδc 0 p in asymmetric bilayers consisting of a single lipid type and a peptide confined to one leaflet;δc 0 p is calculated from the Helfrich equation using the first moment of the lateral pressure tensor and an alternative expression using the differential stress. It is shown that differential stress introduced during initial system generation is effectively relaxed by equilibrating using P21 periodic boundary conditions, which allows lipids to switch leaflets across cell boundaries and equalize their chemical potentials across leaflets. This procedure leads to robust estimates ofδc 0 p for the systems simulated, and is recommended when equality of chemical potentials between the leaflets is a primary consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Amy Rice
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Luo T, Wang Y, Li Y. Mechanistic Insights into the Discharge Processes of Li-CO 2 Batteries. Chemistry 2024:e202400414. [PMID: 38454788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Li-CO2 batteries facilitate renewable energy storage in a cost-effective, eco-friendly manner. However, an inadequate understanding of their reaction mechanism severely impedes their development. Here we outline recent mechanistic advances in the discharge processes of Li-CO2 batteries, particularly in terms of the theoretical aspect. First, the vital factors affecting the formation of discharge intermediates are highlighted, and a surface lithiation mechanism predominantly applicable to catalysts with weak CO2 adsorption is proposed. Subsequently, the modeling of the chemical potential of Li++e-, which is crucial for the evaluation of the theoretical limiting voltage, is detailed. Finally, challenges and future directions pertaining to the further development of Li-CO2 are discussed. In essence, this concept article seeks to inspire future experimental and theoretical studies in advancing the development of Li-CO2 electrochemical technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dischinger S, Miller DJ, Vermaas DA, Kingsbury RS. Unifying the Conversation: Membrane Separation Performance in Energy, Water, and Industrial Applications. ACS ES T Eng 2024; 4:277-289. [PMID: 38357245 PMCID: PMC10862477 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Dense polymer membranes enable a diverse range of separations and clean energy technologies, including gas separation, water treatment, and renewable fuel production or conversion. The transport of small molecular and ionic solutes in the majority of these membranes is described by the same solution-diffusion mechanism, yet a comparison of membrane separation performance across applications is rare. A better understanding of how structure-property relationships and driving forces compare among applications would drive innovation in membrane development by identifying opportunities for cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer. Here, we aim to inspire such cross-pollination by evaluating the selectivity and electrochemical driving forces for 29 separations across nine different applications using a common framework grounded in the physicochemical characteristics of the permeating and rejected solutes. Our analysis shows that highly selective membranes usually exhibit high solute rejection, rather than fast solute permeation, and often exploit contrasts in the size and charge of solutes rather than a nonelectrostatic chemical property, polarizability. We also highlight the power of selective driving forces (e.g., the fact that applied electric potential acts on charged solutes but not on neutral ones) to enable effective separation processes, even when the membrane itself has poor selectivity. We conclude by proposing several research opportunities that are likely to impact multiple areas of membrane science. The high-level perspective of membrane separation across fields presented herein aims to promote cross-pollination and innovation by enabling comparisons of solute transport and driving forces among membrane separation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
M. Dischinger
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J. Miller
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David A. Vermaas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Ryan S. Kingsbury
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for
Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chalykh AE, Gerasimov VK, Petrova TF, Shcherbina AA. Determination of Pair Interaction Parameters of Multicomponent Polymer Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:68. [PMID: 38201732 PMCID: PMC10780505 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
From the examples of three and four-component polymer-polymer systems characterized by amorphous separation, an original technique for determining the pair parameters of interaction between components based on the sorption isotherms of common solvent vapor, particularly water vapor, has been developed. The possibility of calculating thermodynamic characteristics of multicomponent polymer compositions with specific interactions of functional groups from experimentally obtained sorption isotherms is shown. An algorithm for calculating pair interaction parameters, estimating concentration dependences of chemical potential and Gibbs free energy of mixing, and predicting the phase state of polymer mixtures was presented for the first time for such systems. The technique was tested on the example of systems poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP)-polyethylene glycol (PEG), PNVP-PEG-Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL)-PEG, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-PEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly E. Chalykh
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, bld.4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Gerasimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, bld.4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatiana F. Petrova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, bld.4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shcherbina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, bld.4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Advanced Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Machinery, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Onoue K, Nasu A, Matsumoto K, Hagiwara R, Kobayashi H, Matsui M. Trigger of the Highly Resistive Layer Formation at the Cathode-Electrolyte Interface in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries Using a Garnet-Type Lithium-Ion Conductor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37921809 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial materials design is critical in the development of all-solid-state lithium batteries. We must develop an electrode-electrolyte interface with low resistance and effectively utilize the energy stored in the battery system. Here, we investigated the highly resistive layer formation process at the interface of a layered cathode: LiCoO2, and a garnet-type solid-state electrolyte: Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12, during the cosintering process using in situ/ex situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The onset temperature of the reaction between a lithium-deficient LixCoO2 and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 is 60 °C, while a stoichiometric LiCoO2 does not show any reaction up to 900 °C. The chemical potential gap of lithium first triggers the lithium migration from the garnet phase to the LixCoO2 below 200 °C. The lithium-extracted garnet gradually decomposes around 200 °C and mostly disappears at 500 °C. Since the interdiffusion of the transition metal is not observed below 500 °C, the early-stage reaction product is the decomposed lithium-deficient garnet phase. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the highly resistive layer is formed even below 200 °C. The present work offers that the origin of the highly resistive layer formation is triggered by lithium migration at the solid-solid interface and decomposition of the lithium-deficient garnet phase. We must prevent spontaneous lithium migration at the cathode-electrolyte interface to avoid a highly resistive layer formation. Our results show that the lithium chemical potential gap should be the critical parameter for designing an ideal solid-solid interface for all-solid-state battery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Onoue
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Nasu
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Niu R, Qu Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Han C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Song Z, Mao J, Han ZV, Gan Z, Lu J. Chemical Potential Characterization of Symmetry-Breaking Phases in a Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene. Nano Lett 2023; 23:6875-6882. [PMID: 37466217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhombohedral trilayer graphene has recently emerged as a natural flat-band platform for studying interaction-driven symmetry-breaking phases. The displacement field (D) can further flatten the band to enhance the density of states, thereby controlling the electronic correlation that tips the energy balance between spin and valley degrees of freedom. To characterize the energy competition, chemical potential measurement─a direct thermodynamic probe of Fermi surfaces─is highly demanding to be conducted under a constant D. In this work, we characterize D-dependent isospin flavor polarization, where electronic states with isospin degeneracies of one and two can be identified. We also developed a method to measure the chemical potential at a fixed D, allowing for the extraction of energy variation during phase transitions. Furthermore, symmetry breaking could also be invoked in Landau levels, manifesting as quantum Hall ferromagnetism. Our work opens more opportunities for the thermodynamic characterization of displacement-field tuned van der Waals heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruirui Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuoxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunrui Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zhida Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinhai Mao
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Vitto Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zizhao Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shumilin I, Tanbuz A, Harries D. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Efficient Drug Solvation: Optimizing Composition and Ratio for Solubility of β-Cyclodextrin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051462. [PMID: 37242704 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) show promise in pharmaceutical applications, most prominently as excellent solubilizers. Yet, because DES are complex multi-component mixtures, it is challenging to dissect the contribution of each component to solvation. Moreover, deviations from the eutectic concentration lead to phase separation of the DES, making it impractical to vary the ratios of components to potentially improve solvation. Water addition alleviates this limitation as it significantly decreases the melting temperature and stabilizes the DES single-phase region. Here, we follow the solubility of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in DES formed by the eutectic 2:1 mole ratio of urea and choline chloride (CC). Upon water addition to DES, we find that at almost all hydration levels, the highest β-CD solubility is achieved at DES compositions that are shifted from the 2:1 ratio. At higher urea to CC ratios, due to the limited solubility of urea, the optimum composition allowing the highest β-CD solubility is reached at the DES solubility limit. For mixtures with higher CC concentration, the composition allowing optimal solvation varies with hydration. For example, β-CD solubility at 40 wt% water is enhanced by a factor of 1.5 for a 1:2 urea to CC mole ratio compared with the 2:1 eutectic ratio. We further develop a methodology allowing us to link the preferential accumulation of urea and CC in the vicinity of β-CD to its increased solubility. The methodology we present here allows a dissection of solute interactions with DES components that is crucial for rationally developing improved drug and excipient formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Shumilin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Tanbuz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Daniel Harries
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonmassar N, Christiani G, Heil T, Logvenov G, Suyolcu YE, van Aken PA. Superconductivity at Interfaces in Cuprate-Manganite Superlattices. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2301495. [PMID: 37163729 PMCID: PMC10375126 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the unsolved problems for using high-Tc superconducting cuprates for spintronic applications are the short coherence lengths of Cooper pairs in oxides (a few Å), which requires atomically sharp and defect-free interfaces. This research demonstrates the presence of high-Tc superconducting La1.84 Sr0.16 CuO4 in direct proximity to SrLaMnO4 and provides evidence for the sharpness of interfaces between the cuprate and the manganite layers at the atomic scale. These findings shed light on the impact of the chemical potential at the interface of distinct materials on highly sensitive physical properties, such as superconductivity. Additionally, this results show the high stability of ultrathin layers from the same K2 NiF4 -type family, specifically one unit cell of Sr2- x Lax MnO4 and three unit cells of La1.84 Sr0.16 CuO4 . This work advances both the fundamental understanding of the proximity region between superconducting cuprates and manganite phases and the potential use of oxide-based materials in quantum computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonmassar
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Christiani
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gennady Logvenov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Y Eren Suyolcu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao M, Kognole AA, Jo S, Tao A, Hazel A, MacKerell AD. GPU-specific algorithms for improved solute sampling in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37093676 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) ensemble defined by the excess chemical potential, μex , volume, and temperature, in the context of molecular simulations allows for variations in the number of particles in the system. In practice, GCMC simulations have been widely applied for the sampling of rare gasses and water, but limited in the context of larger molecules. To overcome this limitation, the oscillating μex GCMC method was introduced and shown to be of utility for sampling small solutes, such as formamide, propane, and benzene, as well as for ionic species such as monocations, acetate, and methylammonium. However, the acceptance of GCMC insertions is low, and the method is computationally demanding. In the present study, we improved the sampling efficiency of the GCMC method using known cavity-bias and configurational-bias algorithms in the context of GPU architecture. Specifically, for GCMC simulations of aqueous solution systems, the configurational-bias algorithm was extended by applying system partitioning in conjunction with a random interval extraction algorithm, thereby improving the efficiency in a highly parallel computing environment. The method is parallelized on the GPU using CUDA and OpenCL, allowing for the code to run on both Nvidia and AMD GPUs, respectively. Notably, the method is particularly well suited for GPU computing as the large number of threads allows for simultaneous sampling of a large number of configurations during insertion attempts without additional computational overhead. In addition, the partitioning scheme allows for simultaneous insertion attempts for large systems, offering considerable efficiency. Calculations on the BK Channel, a transporter, including a lipid bilayer with over 760,000 atoms, show a speed up of ~53-fold through the use of system partitioning. The improved algorithm is then combined with an enhanced μex oscillation protocol and shown to be of utility in the context of the site-identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) co-solvent sampling approach as illustrated through application to the protein CDK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtian Zhao
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Hazel
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Q, Dong Y, Lü L, Zheng Z, Nan ZA, Ye J, Lin H, Jiang Z, Xie Z. High Chemical Potential Driven Amorphization of Pd-based Nanoalloys. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201513. [PMID: 36908001 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metals and alloys are promising candidates for superior catalysts in many catalytic and electrocatalytic reactions. It is of great urgency to develop a general method to construct amorphous alloys and further clarify the growth mechanism in a wet-chemical system. Herein, inspired by the conservation of energy during the crystallization process, amorphous PdCu nanoalloys have been successfully synthesized by promoting the chemical potential of the building blocks in solution. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and enhanced corrosion resistance, the synthesized amorphous PdCu nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic activity and durability over the face-centered cubic one in formic acid decomposition reaction. More importantly, the successful fabrications of amorphous PdFe, PdCo, and PdNi further demonstrate the universality of the above strategy. This proposed strategy is promising to diversify the amorphous family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yongdi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Linzhe Lü
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Ye
- Testing and Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang A, Yang X, Yang F, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Duan G, Jiang S. Research Progress of the Ion Activity Coefficient of Polyelectrolytes: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36903289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte has wide applications in biomedicine, agriculture and soft robotics. However, it is among one of the least understood physical systems because of the complex interplay of electrostatics and polymer nature. In this review, a comprehensive description is presented on experimental and theoretical studies of the activity coefficient, one of the most important thermodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte. Experimental methods to measure the activity coefficient were introduced, including direct potentiometric measurement and indirect methods such as isopiestic measurement and solubility measurement. Next, progress on the various theoretical approaches was presented, ranging from analytical, empirical and simulation methods. Finally, challenges for future development are proposed on this field.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mutepfe CDK, Srivastava VM. Design and Implementation of Graphene-Based Tunable Microwave Filter for THz Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4443. [PMID: 36558294 PMCID: PMC9783582 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A reconfigurable Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter operating in the THz region was designed in this work. Two SIW resonators were coupled through a magnetic iris to form a second-order filter with a double-layer substrate. The first substrate was silicon of permittivity 11.9; on top of it, silicon dioxide of permittivity 3.9 was placed. The ground and upper plane were composed of gold plates. Graphene material was then used for the tunability of the filter. A thin graphene sheet was sandwiched between the silicon dioxide substrate and the upper gold plate. An external DC bias voltage was then applied to change the chemical potential of graphene, which, in turn, managed to change the operational center frequency of the filter within the range of 1.289 THz to 1.297 THz, which translated to a bandwidth range of 8 GHz. The second part of this work centered on changing the aspect ratio of the graphene patch to change the center frequency. It was observed that the frequency changed within the range of 1.2908 THz to 1.2929 THz, which gave a bandwidth of 2.1 GHz change.
Collapse
|
13
|
Schmid M, Parkinson GS, Diebold U. Analysis of Temperature-Programmed Desorption via Equilibrium Thermodynamics. ACS Phys Chem Au 2022; 3:44-62. [PMID: 36718262 PMCID: PMC9881163 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments in surface science are usually analyzed using the Polanyi-Wigner equation and/or transition-state theory. These methods are far from straightforward, and the determination of the pre-exponential factor is often problematic. We present a different method based on equilibrium thermodynamics, which builds on an approach previously used for TPD by Kreuzer et al. (Surf. Sci. 1988). Equations for the desorption rate are presented for three different types of surface-adsorbate interactions: (i) a 2D ideal hard-sphere gas with a negligible diffusion barrier, (ii) an ideal lattice gas, that is, fixed adsorption sites without interaction between the adsorbates, and (iii) a lattice gas with a distribution of (site-dependent) adsorption energies. We show that the coverage dependence of the sticking coefficient for adsorption at the desorption temperature determines whether the desorption process can be described by first- or second-order kinetics. The sticking coefficient at the desorption temperature must also be known for a quantitative determination of the adsorption energy, but it has a rather weak influence (like the pre-exponential factor in a traditional TPD analysis). Quantitative analysis is also influenced by the vibrational contributions to the energy and entropy. For the case of a single adsorption energy, we provide equations to directly convert peak temperatures into adsorption energies. These equations also provide an approximation of the desorption energy in cases that cannot be described by a fixed pre-exponential factor. For the case of a distribution of adsorption energies, the desorption spectra cannot be considered a superposition of desorption spectra corresponding to the different energies. Nevertheless, we present a method to extract the distribution of adsorption energies from TPD spectra, and we rationalize the energy resolution of TPD experiments. The analytical results are complemented by a program for simulation and analysis of TPD data.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rehman H, Golubewa L, Basharin A, Urbanovic A, Lahderanta E, Soboleva E, Matulaitiene I, Jankunec M, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P. Fragmented graphene synthesized on a dielectric substrate for THz applications. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:395703. [PMID: 35623324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fragmented multi-layered graphene films were directly synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on dielectric substrates with a pre-deposited copper catalyst. We demonstrate that the thickness of the sacrificial copper film, process temperature, and growth time essentially influence the integrity, quality, and disorder of the synthesized graphene. Atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements revealed the presence of nano-agglomerates and charge puddles. The potential gradients measured over the sample surface confirmed that the deposited graphene film possessed a multilayered structure, which was modelled as an ensemble of randomly oriented conductive prolate ellipsoids. THz time domain spectroscopy measurements gave theacconductivity of the graphene flakes and homogenized graphitic films as being around 1200 S cm-1and 1000 S cm-1, respectively. Our approach offers a scalable fabrication of graphene structures composed of graphene flakes, which have effective conductivity sufficient for a wide variety of THz applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rehman
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Lena Golubewa
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Basharin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Andzej Urbanovic
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Erkki Lahderanta
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Soboleva
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Ieva Matulaitiene
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Jankunec
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Papp K, Kovács Á, Orosz A, Hérincs Z, Randek J, Liliom K, Pfeil T, Prechl J. Absolute Quantitation of Serum Antibody Reactivity Using the Richards Growth Model for Antigen Microspot Titration. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3962. [PMID: 35632371 PMCID: PMC9147899 DOI: 10.3390/s22103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its pivotal role in the characterization of humoral immunity, there is no accepted method for the absolute quantitation of antigen-specific serum antibodies. We devised a novel method to quantify polyclonal antibody reactivity, which exploits protein microspot assays and employs a novel analytical approach. Microarrays with a density series of disease-specific antigens were treated with different serum dilutions and developed for IgG and IgA binding. By fitting the binding data of both dilution series to a product of two generalized logistic functions, we obtained estimates of antibody reactivity of two immunoglobulin classes simultaneously. These estimates are the antigen concentrations required for reaching the inflection point of thermodynamic activity coefficient of antibodies and the limiting activity coefficient of antigen. By providing universal chemical units, this approach may improve the standardization of serological testing, the quality control of antibodies and the quantitative mapping of the antibody-antigen interaction space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Papp
- R&D Laboratory, Diagnosticum Zrt, 1047 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ágnes Kovács
- Department of Applied Analysis and Computational Mathematics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Anita Orosz
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Hérincs
- R&D Laboratory, Diagnosticum Zrt, 1047 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Judit Randek
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Károly Liliom
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Pfeil
- Department of Applied Analysis and Computational Mathematics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.K.); (T.P.)
- ELKH-ELTE Numerical Analysis and Large Networks Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Prechl
- R&D Laboratory, Diagnosticum Zrt, 1047 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (Z.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du X, Liu Y, Pan W, Pang J, Zhu J, Zhao S, Chen C, Yu Y, Xiao Z, Niu G, Tang J. Chemical Potential Diagram Guided Rational Tuning of Electrical Properties: A Case Study of CsPbBr 3 for X-ray Detection. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110252. [PMID: 35165950 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the carrier polarity and concentration underlies most electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, for the intensively studied lead halide perovskites, the doping tunability is inefficient. In this work, taking CsPbBr3 as an example, it is revealed that the coexistence of metallic Pb or CsBr3 /Br2 , rather than the precursor ratio, can provide Pb-rich/Br-poor or Br-rich/Pb-poor chemical conditions, enabling the tunability of electrical properties from weak n-type, intrinsic, to moderate p-type. Experimentally, under Br2 -exposure treatment, a shift of the Fermi level as large as 1.00 eV is achieved, which is one of the highest value among all kinds of doping methods. The X-ray detector based on the intrinsic CsPbBr3 exhibits excellent performance, with a negligible dark-current drift of 7.1 × 10-4 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 , a low detection limit of 103.6 nGyair s-1 , and a high sensitivity of 9085 μC Gyair -1 cm-2 . This work provides a critical understanding and guidance for tuning the electrical properties of lead halide perovskites, which establishes good foundations for achieving intrinsic perovskite semiconductors and also constructing potential homojunction devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Du
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yingmeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weicheng Pan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jincong Pang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinsong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zewen Xiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mian SA, Khan SU, Hussain A, Rauf A, Ahmed E, Jang J. Molecular Modelling of Optical Biosensor Phosphorene-Thioguanine for Optimal Drug Delivery in Leukemia Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030545. [PMID: 35158813 PMCID: PMC8833433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanocarriers have been used to solve the problems associated with conventional antitumor drug delivery systems, including no specificity, severe side effects, burst release and damaging the normal cells. It improves the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of antitumor drugs, while providing preferential accumulation at the target site. Various 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, MoS2, and WSe2 have been used as nanocarrier. The recent discovery of phosphorene has introduced new possibilities in designing a sensible drug delivery system, due to low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, high surface to volume ratio, which can increase its drug loading capacity. The biodegradation of phosphorene inside the human body produces non-toxic intermediates, like phosphate. Phosphate is necessary for the formation of bone and teeth. Phosphate is also used by the cell for energy, cell membranes, and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Therefore, phosphorene nanocarrier is not harmful, especially for the treatment of cancer in vivo applications. Abstract Thioguanine is an anti-cancer drug used for the treatment of leukemia. However, thioguanine has weak aqueous solubility and low biocompatibility, which limits its performance in the treatment of cancer. In the present work, these inadequacies were targeted using density functional theory-based simulations. Three stable configurations were obtained for the adsorption of thioguanine molecules on the phosphorene surface, with adsorption energies in the range of −76.99 to −38.69 kJ/mol, indicating physisorption of the drug on the phosphorene surface. The calculated bandgap energies of the individual and combined geometries of phosphorene and thioguanine were 0.97 eV, 2.81 eV and 0.91 eV, respectively. Owing to the physisorption of the drug molecule on the phosphorene surface, the bandgap energy of the material had a direct impact on optical conductivity, which was significantly altered. All parameters that determine the potential ability for drug delivery were calculated, such as the dipole moment, chemical hardness, chemical softness, chemical potential, and electrophilicity index. The higher dipole moment (1.74 D) of the phosphorene–thioguanine complex reflects its higher biodegradability, with no adverse physiological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabeer Ahmad Mian
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.U.K.); (A.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Shafqat Ullah Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.U.K.); (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Akbar Hussain
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.U.K.); (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.U.K.); (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adak AK, Sharma D, Narasimhan S. Blue and black phosphorene on metal substrates: a density functional theory study. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:084001. [PMID: 34768253 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have performed density functional theory calculations to study blue phosphorene and black phosphorene on metal substrates. The substrates considered are the (111) and (110) surfaces of Al, Cu, Ag, Ir, Pd, Pt and Au and the (0001) and (101¯0) surfaces of Zr and Sc. The formation energyEFis negative (energetically favorable) for all 36 combinations of overlayer and substrate. By comparing values of ΔΩ, the change in free energy per unit area, as well as the overlayer-substrate binding energyEb, we identify that Ag(111), Al(110), Cu(111), Cu(110) and possibly Au(110) may be especially suitable substrates for the synthesis and subsequent exfoliation of blue phosphorene, and the Ag(110) and Al(111) substrates for the synthesis of black phosphorene. However, these conclusions are drawn assuming the source of P atoms is bulk phosphorus, and can alter upon changing synthesis conditions (chemical potential of phosphorus). Thus, when the source of phosphorus atoms is P4, blue phosphorene is favored only over Pt(111). We find that for all combinations of overlayer and substrate, the charge transfer per bond can be captured by the universal descriptorD=Δχ/ΔR, where ΔχandΔRare, respectively, the differences in electronegativity and atomic size between phosphorus and the substrate metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Adak
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Devina Sharma
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Avşar Aydın E. 3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3724. [PMID: 34771280 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2–10 GHz were carried out using the finite integration technique in the CST Microwave Studio program. Thus, three bow-tie microstrip antennas with different antenna parameters were designed. Unlike traditional production techniques, due to its cost-effectiveness and easy production, antennas were produced using 3D printing, and then measurements were conducted. A very good match was observed between the simulation and the measurement results. The performance of each antenna was analyzed, and then, the effects of antenna sizes and different chemical potentials on antenna performance were investigated and discussed. The results show that the bow-tie antenna with a slot, which is one of the new advantages of this study, provides a good match and that it has an ultra-bandwidth of 18 GHz in the frequency range of 2 to 20 GHz for ultra-wideband applications. The obtained return loss of −10 dB throughout the applied frequency shows that the designed antennas are useful. In addition, the proposed antennas have an average gain of 9 dBi. This study will be a guide for microstrip antennas based on the desired applications by changing the size of the slots and chemical potential in the conductive parts in the design.
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu B, Liu X, Zhou B. Calculation Methods of Solution Chemical Potential and Application in Emulsion Microencapsulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102991. [PMID: 34069931 PMCID: PMC8157608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several new biased sampling methods were summarized for solution chemical potential calculation methods in the field of emulsion microencapsulation. The principles, features, and calculation efficiencies of various biased Widom insertion sampling methods were introduced, including volume detection bias, simulation ensemble bias, and particle insertion bias. The proper matches between various types of solution in emulsion and biased Widom methods were suggested, following detailed analyses on the biased insertion techniques. The volume detection bias methods effectively improved the accuracy of the data and the calculation efficiency by inserting detection particles and were suggested to be used for the calculation of solvent chemical potential for the homogeneous aqueous phase of the emulsion. The chemical potential of water, argon, and fluorobenzene (a typical solvent of the oil phase in double emulsion) was calculated by a new, optimized volume detection bias proposed by this work. The recently developed Well-Tempered(WT)-Metadynamics method skillfully constructed low-density regions for particle insertion and dynamically adjusted the system configuration according to the potential energy around the detection point, and hence, could be used for the oil-polymer mixtures of microencapsulation emulsion. For the macromolecule solutes in the oil or aqueous phase of the emulsion, the particle insertion bias could be applied to greatly increase the success rate of Widom insertions. Readers were expected to choose appropriate biased Widom methods to carry out their calculations on chemical potential, fugacity, and solubility of solutions based on the system molecular properties, inspired by this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binkai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Bo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang J, Du G, Li H, Chen Q, Kuang Q, Jiang Z, Xie Z. Tailoring the Chemical Potential of Crystal Growth Units to Tune the Bulk Structure of Nanocrystals. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2000447. [PMID: 34927828 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic factors affecting the bulk structures of nanocrystallites are not well explored during crystallization. In this study, it is demonstrated that the chemical potential of growth units plays decisive role in governing the final structure of nanocrystals. It is found that the types of reaction vessels are able to vary the chemical potential of growth units, and make the Pt and Pd nanocrystals (NCs) unexpectedly evolve from the cyclic penta-twinned to the single-crystal nanostructures. In turn, it is concluded that the crystal growth units with lower chemical potential favor the formation of crystal nuclei with lower chemical potential during the nucleation. This new approach in tuning the bulk structures of NCs enriches the understanding of the crystallization process under supersaturated (nonequilibrium) condition, and would provide a general guidance for controlling nanocrystals with various thermodynamic forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guifen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suzuki A, Yukawa H. Quantitative Evaluations of Hydrogen Diffusivity in V-X (X = Cr, Al, Pd) Alloy Membranes Based on Hydrogen Chemical Potential. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 33477659 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) has higher hydrogen permeability than Pd-based alloy membranes but exhibits poor resistance to hydrogen-induced embrittlement. The alloy elements are added to reduce hydrogen solubility and prevent hydrogen-induced embrittlement. To enhance hydrogen permeability, the alloy elements which improve hydrogen diffusivity in V are more suitable. In the present study, hydrogen diffusivity in V-Cr, V-Al, and V-Pd alloy membranes was investigated in view of the hydrogen chemical potential and compared with the previously reported results of V-Fe alloy membranes. The additions of Cr and Fe to V improved the mobility of hydrogen atoms. In contrast, those of Al and Pd decreased hydrogen diffusivity. The first principle calculations revealed that the hydrogen atoms cannot occupy the first-nearest neighbor T sites (T1 sites) of Al and Pd in the V crystal lattice. These blocking effects will be a dominant contributor to decreasing hydrogen diffusivity by the additions of Al and Pd. For V-based alloy membranes, Fe and Cr are more suitable alloy elements compared with Al and Pd in view of hydrogen diffusivity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In most applications, functional materials operate at finite temperatures and are in contact with a reservoir of atoms or molecules (gas, liquid, or solid). In order to understand the properties of materials at realistic conditions, statistical effects associated with configurational sampling and particle exchange at finite temperatures must consequently be taken into account. In this contribution, we discuss the main concepts behind equilibrium statistical mechanics. We demonstrate how these concepts can be used to predict the behavior of materials at realistic temperatures and pressures within the framework of atomistic thermodynamics. We also introduce and discuss methods for calculating phase diagrams of bulk materials and surfaces as well as point defect concentrations. In particular, we describe approaches for calculating the configurational density of states, which requires the evaluation of the energies of a large number of configurations. The cluster expansion method is therefore also discussed as a numerically efficient approach for evaluating these energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sergey V Levchenko
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Clary JM, Holder AM, Musgrave CB. Computationally Predicted High-Throughput Free-Energy Phase Diagrams for the Discovery of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:48553-48564. [PMID: 33074642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of multinary solid-state material systems that undergo reversible phase changes via changes in temperature and pressure provides a potential means of safely storing hydrogen. However, fully mapping the stabilities of known or newly targeted compounds relative to competing phases at reaction conditions has previously required many stringent experiments or computationally demanding calculations of each compound's change in Gibbs energy with respect to temperature, G(T). In this work, we have extended the approach of constructing chemical potential phase diagrams based on ΔGf(T) to enable the analysis of phase stability at non-zero temperatures. We first performed density functional theory calculations to compute the formation enthalpies of binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds within several compositional spaces of current interest for solid-state hydrogen storage. Temperature effects on solid compound stability were then accounted for using our recently introduced machine learned descriptor for the temperature-dependent contribution Gδ(T) to the Gibbs energy G(T). From these Gibbs energies, we evaluated each compound's stability relative to competing compounds over a wide range of conditions and show using chemical potential and composition phase diagrams that the predicted stable phases and H2 release reactions are consistent with experimental observations. This demonstrates that our approach rapidly computes the thermochemistry of hydrogen release reactions for compounds at sufficiently high accuracy relative to experiment to provide a powerful framework for analyzing hydrogen storage materials. This framework based on G(T) enables the accelerated discovery of active materials for a variety of technologies that rely on solid-state reactions involving these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Clary
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Aaron M Holder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng J, Lee I, Khramenkova E, Wang M, Peng B, Gutiérrez OY, Fulton JL, Camaioni DM, Khare R, Jentys A, Haller GL, Pidko EA, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Lercher JA. Importance of Methane Chemical Potential for Its Conversion to Methanol on Cu-Exchanged Mordenite. Chemistry 2020; 26:7563-7567. [PMID: 32092206 PMCID: PMC7317825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper-oxo clusters exchanged in zeolite mordenite are active in the stoichiometric conversion of methane to methanol at low temperatures. Here, we show an unprecedented methanol yield per Cu of 0.6, with a 90-95 % selectivity, on a MOR solely containing [Cu3 (μ-O)3 ]2+ active sites. DFT calculations, spectroscopic characterization and kinetic analysis show that increasing the chemical potential of methane enables the utilization of two μ-oxo bridge oxygen out of the three available in the tricopper-oxo cluster structure. Methanol and methoxy groups are stabilized in parallel, leading to methanol desorption in the presence of water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Insu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Khramenkova
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Oliver Y Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - John L Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Donald M Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Jentys
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gary L Haller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suzuki A, Yukawa H. Analysis for Reverse Temperature Dependence of Hydrogen Permeability through Pd-X (X = Y, Ho, Ni) Alloy Membranes Based on Hydrogen Chemical Potential. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10060123. [PMID: 32560223 PMCID: PMC7345537 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is generally understood that the hydrogen permeability of Pd-Ag alloy membranes declines with decreasing temperature. However, recent studies have revealed that the hydrogen permeability of Pd-Ag alloy membranes inversely increases at a certain temperature range and reaches a peak. The peak behavior reflects the shape of pressure-composition isotherms (PCT curves). In order to elucidate the relationship between the reverse temperature dependence of hydrogen permeability and the PCT curves, the hydrogen permeability of pure Pd and Pd-X (X = Ho, Y, and Ni) alloy membranes were investigated. The pure Pd and Pd-5 mol%Ni alloy membranes, in which the α-α' phase transition occurs, exhibits more significant peak behaviors than Pd-5 mol%Ho, Pd-5 mol%Y, and Pd-23 mol%Ag alloy membranes, in which the α-α' phase transition is suppressed. Large differences in hydrogen solubility, at the hydrogen pressures above and below the plateau region or the inflection point, make the peak behaviors more significant. It is revealed that the peak temperature can be roughly predicted by the hydrogen pressure at the plateau regions or the inflection points in the PCT curves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Suzuki
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suzuki A, Yukawa H. A Review for Consistent Analysis of Hydrogen Permeability through Dense Metallic Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10060120. [PMID: 32532025 PMCID: PMC7345108 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen permeation coefficient (ϕ) is generally used as a measure to show hydrogen permeation ability through dense metallic membranes, which is the product of the Fick’s diffusion coefficient (D) and the Sieverts’ solubility constant (K). However, the hydrogen permeability of metal membranes cannot be analyzed consistently with this conventional description. In this paper, various methods for consistent analysis of hydrogen permeability are reviewed. The derivations of the descriptions are explained in detail and four applications of the consistent descriptions of hydrogen permeability are introduced: (1) prediction of hydrogen flux under given conditions, (2) comparability of hydrogen permeability, (3) understanding of the anomalous temperature dependence of hydrogen permeability of Pd-Ag alloy membrane, and (4) design of alloy composition of non-Pd-based alloy membranes to satisfy both high hydrogen permeability together with strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Suzuki
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Amador-Balderas JA, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Ramírez RE, Méndez F, Meléndez FJ. Analysis of the Gas Phase Acidity of Substituted Benzoic Acids Using Density Functional Concepts. Molecules 2020; 25:E1631. [PMID: 32252296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A theoretical study of the effect of the substituent Z on the gas phase acidity of substituted benzoic acids ZC6H4COOH in terms of density functional theory descriptors (chemical potential, softness and Fukui function) is presented. The calculated gas phase ΔacidG° values obtained were close to the experimental ones reported in the literature. The good relationship between the ΔacidG° values and the electronegativity of ZC6H4COOH and its fragments, suggested a better importance of the inductive than polarizability contributions. The balance of inductive and resonance contributions of the substituent in the acidity of substituted benzoic acids showed that the highest inductive and resonance effects were for the -SO2CF3 and -NH2 substituents in the para- and ortho-position, respectively. The Fukui function confirmed that the electron-releasing substituent attached to the phenyl ring of benzoic acid decreased the acidity in the trend ortho > meta > para, and the electron-withdrawing substituent increased the acidity in the trend ortho < meta < para.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou H, Su S, Qiu W, Zhao Z, Lin Z, Qiu P, Kan Q. Multiple Fano Resonances with Tunable Electromagnetic Properties in Graphene Plasmonic Metamolecules. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E236. [PMID: 32013141 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Fano resonances (FRs) can be produced by destroying the symmetry of structure or adding additional nanoparticles without changing the spatial symmetry, which has been proved in noble metal structures. However, due to the disadvantages of low modulation depth, large damping rate, and broadband spectral responses, many resonance applications are limited. In this research paper, we propose a graphene plasmonic metamolecule (PMM) by adding an additional 12 nanodiscs around a graphene heptamer, where two Fano resonance modes with different wavelengths are observed in the extinction spectrum. The competition between the two FRs as well as the modulation depth of each FR is investigated by varying the materials and the geometrical parameters of the nanostructure. A simple trimer model, which emulates the radical distribution of the PMM, is employed to understand the electromagnetic field behaviors during the variation of the parameters. Our proposed graphene nanostructures might find significant applications in the fields of single molecule detection, chemical or biochemical sensing, and nanoantenna.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Q, Wang J. Quantifying the flux as the driving force for nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics in non-Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:923-930. [PMID: 31879351 PMCID: PMC6969527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819572117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The driving force for active physical and biological systems is determined by both the underlying landscape and nonequilibrium curl flux. While landscape can be experimentally quantified from the histograms of the collected real-time trajectories of the observables, quantifying the experimental flux remains challenging. In this work, we studied the single-molecule enzyme dynamics of horseradish peroxidase with dihydrorhodamine 123 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as substrates. Surprisingly, significant deviations in the kinetics from the conventional Michaelis-Menten reaction rate were observed. Instead of a linear relationship between the inverse of the enzyme kinetic rate and the inverse of substrate concentration, a nonlinear relationship between the two emerged. We identified nonequilibrium flux as the origin of such non-Michaelis-Menten enzyme rate behavior. Furthermore, we quantified the nonequilibrium flux from experimentally obtained fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data and showed this flux to led to the deviations from the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We also identified and quantified the nonequilibrium thermodynamic driving forces as the chemical potential and entropy production for such non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Moreover, through isothermal titration calorimetry measurements, we identified and quantified the origin of both nonequilibrium dynamic and thermodynamic driving forces as the heat absorbed (energy input) into the enzyme reaction system. Furthermore, we showed that the nonequilibrium driving forces led to time irreversibility through the difference between the forward and backward directions in time and high-order correlations were associated with the deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This study provided a general framework for experimentally quantifying the dynamic and thermodynamic driving forces for nonequilibrium systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu H, Tan J, Liu P, Bian LA, Zha S. Tunable Coupled-Resonator-Induced Transparency in a Photonic Crystal System Based on a Multilayer-Insulator Graphene Stack. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11102042. [PMID: 30347754 PMCID: PMC6213410 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We achieve the effective modulation of coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) in a photonic crystal system which consists of photonic crystal waveguide (PCW), defect cavities, and a multilayer graphene-insulator stack (MGIS). Simulation results show that the wavelength of transparency window can be effectively tuned through varying the chemical potential of graphene in MGIS. The peak value of the CRIT effect is closely related to the structural parameters of our proposed system. Tunable Multipeak CRIT is also realized in the four-resonator-coupled photonic crystal system by modulating the chemical potentials of MGISs in different cavity units. This system paves a novel way toward multichannel-selective filters, optical sensors, and nonlinear devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jianfeng Tan
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Peiguo Liu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Li-An Bian
- School of Physical and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Song Zha
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bellini S, Sun Y, Gallucci F, Caravella A. Thermodynamic Aspects in Non-Ideal Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Purification. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:E82. [PMID: 30223616 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an overview on thermodynamic aspects related to hydrogen-metal systems in non-ideal conditions is provided, aiming at systematically merging and analyzing information achieved from several different studies present in the open literature. In particular, the relationships among inner morphology, dissolved hydrogen and internal stresses are discussed in detail, putting in evidence the conformation complexity and the various types of dislocations induced by the presence of H-atoms in the lattice. Specifically, it is highlighted that the octahedral sites are preferentially occupied in the FCC metals (such as palladium), whereas tetrahedral sites are more energetically favored in BCC-structured ones (such as vanadium). These characteristics are shown to lead to a different macroscopic behavior of the two classes of metals, especially in terms of solubility and mechanical failure due to the consequent induced stresses. Furthermore, starting from the expression of the chemical potential generally presented in the literature, a new convenient expression of the activity of the H-atoms dissolved into the metal lattice as a function of the H-concentration is achieved. Such an activity expression is then used in the dissolution equilibrium relationship, which is shown to be the overall result of two different phenomena: (i) dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen onto the surface; and (ii) atomic hydrogen dissolution from the surface to the metal bulk. In this way, the obtained expression for equilibrium allows a method to calculate the equilibrium composition in non-ideal conditions (high pressure), which are of interest for real industrial applications.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This Review provides a unified view on Brønsted acidity. For this purpose, a brief overview of the concepts acidity, acid strengths, and pH value is given, including problems, proposed solutions, and the use of the pHabs /pHabsH2O scale as a unifying concept. Thereafter, some examples of the accessibility and application of unified pHabs values are given. The Review is rounded off with the analogy of acid-base chemistry to redox chemistry with the introduction of the unified redox scale peabs . The combination of pHabs and peabs values in the protoelectric potential map (PPM), as elaborated in ongoing studies on the thermochemistry of single ions, provides a means to classify and to compare all possible acid-base/redox reactions in a medium-independent and, thus, unified fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Radtke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Šebesta F, Brela MZ, Diaz S, Miranda S, Murray JS, Gutiérrez-Oliva S, Toro-Labbé A, Michalak A, Burda JV. The influence of the metal cations and microhydration on the reaction trajectory of the N3 ↔ O2 thymine proton transfer: Quantum mechanical study. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2680-2692. [PMID: 28925001 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study involves the intramolecular proton transfer (PT) process on a thymine nucleobase between N3 and O2 atoms. We explore a mechanism for the PT assisted by hexacoordinated divalent metals cations, namely Mg2+ , Zn2+ , and Hg2+ . Our results point out that this reaction corresponds to a two-stage process. The first involves the PT from one of the aqua ligands toward O2. The implications of this stage are the formation of a hydroxo anion bound to the metal center and a positively charged thymine. To proceed to the second stage, a structural change is needed to allow the negatively charged hydroxo ligand to abstract the N3 proton, which represents the final product of the PT reaction. In the presence of the selected hexaaqua cations, the activation barrier is at most 8 kcal/mol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šebesta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague, 112 16, Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Z Brela
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Silvia Diaz
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jane S Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70148
| | - Soledad Gutiérrez-Oliva
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Artur Michalak
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Jaroslav V Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague, 112 16, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hepp C, Maier B. Bacterial Translocation Ratchets: Shared Physical Principles with Different Molecular Implementations: How bacterial secretion systems bias Brownian motion for efficient translocation of macromolecules. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28895164 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secretion systems enable bacteria to import and secrete large macromolecules including DNA and proteins. While most components of these systems have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of macromolecular transport remain poorly understood. Recent findings suggest that various bacterial secretion systems make use of the translocation ratchet mechanism for transporting polymers across the cell envelope. Translocation ratchets are powered by chemical potential differences generated by concentration gradients of ions or molecules that are specific to the respective secretion systems. Bacteria employ these potential differences for biasing Brownian motion of the macromolecules within the conduits of the secretion systems. Candidates for this mechanism include DNA import by the type II secretion/type IV pilus system, DNA export by the type IV secretion system, and protein export by the type I secretion system. Here, we propose that these three secretion systems employ different molecular implementations of the translocation ratchet mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Hepp
- Department of Physics Universität zu Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Berenike Maier
- Department of Physics Universität zu Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu AT, Kunai Y, Liu P, Kaplan A, Cottrill AL, Smith-Dell JS, Strano MS. Electrical Energy Generation via Reversible Chemical Doping on Carbon Nanotube Fibers. Adv Mater 2016; 28:9752-9757. [PMID: 27717011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified carbon nanotube fibers enable unique power sources driven entirely by a chemical potential gradient. Electrical current (11.9 μA mg-1 ) and potential (525 mV) are reversibly produced by localized acetonitrile doping under ambient conditions. An inverse length-scaling of the maximum power as L-1.03 that creates specific powers as large as 30.0 kW kg-1 highlights the potential for microscale energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuichiro Kunai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pingwei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amir Kaplan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anton L Cottrill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jamila S Smith-Dell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Karki K, Huang Y, Hwang S, Gamalski AD, Whittingham MS, Zhou G, Stach EA. Tuning the Activity of Oxygen in LiNi 0.8Co 0.15Al 0.05O 2 Battery Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:27762-27771. [PMID: 27667724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metal oxides such as LiNi0.8Co 0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) are highly desirable battery electrodes. However, these materials suffer from thermal runaway caused by deleterious oxygen loss and surface phase transitions when in highly overcharged and overheated conditions, prompting serious safety concerns. Using in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy techniques, we demonstrate that surface oxygen loss and structural changes in the highly overcharged NCA particles are suppressed by exposing them to an oxygen-rich environment. The onset temperature for the loss of oxygen from the electrode particle is delayed to 350 °C at oxygen gas overpressure of 400 mTorr. Similar heating of the particles in a reducing hydrogen gas demonstrated a quick onset of oxygen loss at 150 °C and rapid surface degradation of the particles. The results reported here illustrate the fundamental mechanism governing the failure processes of electrode particles and highlight possible strategies to circumvent such issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khim Karki
- NECCES, Binghamton University , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yiqing Huang
- NECCES, Binghamton University , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrew D Gamalski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Guangwen Zhou
- NECCES, Binghamton University , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang Y, Sanchez AM, Sun Y, Wu J, Aagesen M, Huo S, Kim D, Jurczak P, Xu X, Liu H. Influence of Droplet Size on the Growth of Self-Catalyzed Ternary GaAsP Nanowires. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1237-1243. [PMID: 26708002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influences of droplet size on the growth of self-catalyzed ternary nanowires (NWs) were studied using GaAsP NWs. The size-induced Gibbs-Thomson (GT) effect makes the smaller catalytic droplets have lower effective supersaturations and hence slower nucleation rates than the larger ones. Large variation in droplet size thus led to the growth of NWs with low uniformity, while a good size uniformity of droplets resulted in the production of highly uniform NWs. Moreover, thinner NWs were observed to be richer in P, indicating that P is more resistant to the GT effect than As because of a higher chemical potential inside Ga droplets. These results provide useful information for understanding the mechanisms of self-catalyzed III-V NW nucleation and growth with the important ternary III-V material systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Aagesen
- Gasp Solar ApS, Gregersensvej 7, Taastrup DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Suguo Huo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Jurczak
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Liu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ren D, Dheeraj DL, Jin C, Nilsen JS, Huh J, Reinertsen JF, Munshi AM, Gustafsson A, van Helvoort ATJ, Weman H, Fimland BO. New Insights into the Origins of Sb-Induced Effects on Self-Catalyzed GaAsSb Nanowire Arrays. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1201-1209. [PMID: 26726825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ternary semiconductor nanowire arrays enable scalable fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices with tunable bandgap. However, the lack of insight into the effects of the incorporation of Vy element results in lack of control on the growth of ternary III-V(1-y)Vy nanowires and hinders the development of high-performance nanowire devices based on such ternaries. Here, we report on the origins of Sb-induced effects affecting the morphology and crystal structure of self-catalyzed GaAsSb nanowire arrays. The nanowire growth by molecular beam epitaxy is changed both kinetically and thermodynamically by the introduction of Sb. An anomalous decrease of the axial growth rate with increased Sb2 flux is found to be due to both the indirect kinetic influence via the Ga adatom diffusion induced catalyst geometry evolution and the direct composition modulation. From the fundamental growth analyses and the crystal phase evolution mechanism proposed in this Letter, the phase transition/stability in catalyst-assisted ternary III-V-V nanowire growth can be well explained. Wavelength tunability with good homogeneity of the optical emission from the self-catalyzed GaAsSb nanowire arrays with high crystal phase purity is demonstrated by only adjusting the Sb2 flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dasa L Dheeraj
- CrayoNano AS, Otto Nielsens vei 12, NO-7052 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chengjun Jin
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - A Mazid Munshi
- CrayoNano AS, Otto Nielsens vei 12, NO-7052 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Helge Weman
- CrayoNano AS, Otto Nielsens vei 12, NO-7052 Trondheim, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary to understand the consequences of liquid-like states for biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC, of generic formula MX2) monolayer displays the "triple-decker" structure with the chemical bond organization much more complex than in well-studied monatomic layers of graphene or boron nitride. Accordingly, the makeup of the dislocations in TMDC permits chemical variability, depending sensitively on the equilibrium with the environment. In particular, first-principles calculations show that dislocations state can be switched to highly mobile, profoundly changing the lattice relaxation and leading to superplastic behavior. With 2D MoS2 as an example, we construct full map for dislocation dynamics, at different chemical potentials, for both the M- and X-oriented dislocations. Depending on the structure of the migrating dislocation, two different dynamic mechanisms are revealed: either the direct rebonding (RB) mechanism where only a single metal atom shifts slightly, or generalized Stone-Wales (SW(g)) rotation in which several atoms undergo significant displacements. The migration barriers for RB mechanism can be 2-4 times lower than for the SW(g). Our analyses show that within a range of chemical potentials, highly mobile dislocations could at the same time be thermodynamically favored, that is statistically dominating the overall material property. This demonstrates remarkable possibility of changing material basic property such as plasticity by changing elemental chemical potentials of the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zhiming Shi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rhyee JS, Kim JH. Chemical Potential Tuning and Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in Indium Selenides. Materials (Basel) 2015; 8:1283-324. [PMID: 28788002 DOI: 10.3390/ma8031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have long been searching for the materials to enhance thermoelectric performance in terms of nano scale approach in order to realize phonon-glass-electron-crystal and quantum confinement effects. Peierls distortion can be a pathway to enhance thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT by employing natural nano-wire-like electronic and thermal transport. The phonon-softening known as Kohn anomaly, and Peierls lattice distortion decrease phonon energy and increase phonon scattering, respectively, and, as a result, they lower thermal conductivity. The quasi-one-dimensional electrical transport from anisotropic band structure ensures high Seebeck coefficient in Indium Selenide. The routes for high ZT materials development of In4Se3−δ are discussed from quasi-one-dimensional property and electronic band structure calculation to materials synthesis, crystal growth, and their thermoelectric properties investigations. The thermoelectric properties of In4Se3−δ can be enhanced by electron doping, as suggested from the Boltzmann transport calculation. Regarding the enhancement of chemical potential, the chlorine doped In4Se3−δCl0.03 compound exhibits high ZT over a wide temperature range and shows state-of-the-art thermoelectric performance of ZT = 1.53 at 450 °C as an n-type material. It was proven that multiple elements doping can enhance chemical potential further. Here, we discuss the recent progress on the enhancement of thermoelectric properties in Indium Selenides by increasing chemical potential.
Collapse
|
43
|
Boulougouris GC. Free energy calculations, enhanced by a Gaussian ansatz, for the "chemical work" distribution. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1024-35. [PMID: 24664967 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the free energy is essential in molecular simulation because it is intimately related with the existence of multiphase equilibrium. Recently, it was demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the Helmholtz free energy using a single statistical ensemble along an entire isotherm by accounting for the "chemical work" of transforming each molecule, from an interacting one, to an ideal gas. In this work, we show that it is possible to perform such a free energy perturbation over a liquid vapor phase transition. Furthermore, we investigate the link between a general free energy perturbation scheme and the novel nonequilibrium theories of Crook's and Jarzinsky. We find that for finite systems away from the thermodynamic limit the second law of thermodynamics will always be an inequality for isothermal free energy perturbations, resulting always to a dissipated work that may tend to zero only in the thermodynamic limit. The work, the heat, and the entropy produced during a thermodynamic free energy perturbation can be viewed in the context of the Crooks and Jarzinsky formalism, revealing that for a given value of the ensemble average of the "irreversible" work, the minimum entropy production corresponded to a Gaussian distribution for the histogram of the work. We propose the evaluation of the free energy difference in any free energy perturbation based scheme on the average irreversible "chemical work" minus the dissipated work that can be calculated from the variance of the distribution of the logarithm of the work histogram, within the Gaussian approximation. As a consequence, using the Gaussian ansatz for the distribution of the "chemical work," accurate estimates for the chemical potential and the free energy of the system can be performed using much shorter simulations and avoiding the necessity of sampling the computational costly tails of the "chemical work." For a more general free energy perturbation scheme that the Gaussian ansatz may not be valid, the free energy calculation can be expressed in terms of the moment generating function of the "chemical work" distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Boulougouris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritius University, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum aquaglyceroporin (PfAQP) is a multifunctional membrane protein in the plasma membrane of P. falciparum, the parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria. The current literature has established the science of PfAQP's structure, functions, and hydrogen-bonding interactions but left unanswered the following fundamental question: does glycerol modulate water permeation through aquaglyceroporin that conducts both glycerol and water? This paper provides an affirmative answer to this question of essential importance to the protein's functions. On the basis of the chemical-potential profile of glycerol from the extracellular bulk region, throughout PfAQP's conducting channel, to the cytoplasmic bulk region, this study shows the existence of a bound state of glycerol inside aquaglyceroporin's permeation pore, from which the dissociation constant is approximately 14μM. A glycerol molecule occupying the bound state occludes the conducting pore through which permeating molecules line up in single file by hydrogen-bonding with one another and with the luminal residues of aquaglyceroporin. In this way, glycerol inhibits permeation of water and other permeants through aquaglyceroporin. The biological implications of this theory are discussed and shown to agree with the existent in vitro data. It turns out that the structure of aquaglyceroporin is perfect for the van der Waals interactions between the protein and glycerol to cause the existence of the bound state deep inside the conducting pore and, thus to play an unexpected but significant role in aquaglyceroporin's functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The interaction between water and the protein of the contractile machinery as well as the tendency of these proteins to form geometrically ordered structures provide a link between water and muscle contraction. Protein osmotic pressure is strictly related to the chemical potential of the contractile proteins, to the stiffness of muscle structures and to the viscosity of the sliding of the thin over the thick filaments. Muscle power output and the steady rate of contraction are linked by modulating a single parameter, a viscosity coefficient. Muscle operation is characterized by working strokes of much shorter length and much quicker than in the classical model. As a consequence the force delivered and the stiffness attained by attached cross-bridges is much larger than usually believed.
Collapse
|
46
|
Baschnagel J, Wolfgardt M, Paul W, Binder K. Entropy Theory and Glass Transition: A Test by Monte Carlo Simulation. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1997; 102:159-170. [PMID: 27805134 PMCID: PMC4900878 DOI: 10.6028/jres.102.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/1997] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the results of a test of the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory by Monte Carlo Simulation. The simulation employed the bond-fluctuation model on a simple cubic lattice. This model incorporates two kinds of interactions: the excluded volume interaction among all monomers of the melt and an internal energy of the chains, which favors large bonds and makes the chains stiffen with decreasing temperature. The stiffening of the chains leads to an increase of their volume requirements, which competes with the packing constraints at low temperatures. This competition strongly slows down the structural relaxation of the melt and induces the glassy behavior. The model therefore takes into account the main opposing forces which the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory makes responsible for the glass transition. For this model the entropy was calculated from the internal and the free energy (derived from the chemical potential and the single chain partition function) and compared with various theoretical predictions: the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory, a theory by Flory for semiflexible polymers and an extended theory by Wittmann considering Milchev's criticism on Flory's calculation. The latter extended theory provides the best description of the simulation data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Baschnagel
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wolfgardt
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Paul
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Binder
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vicentini-Missoni M, Levelt Sengers JMH, Green MS. Scaling Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties in the Critical Region of Fluids. J Res Natl Bur Stand A Phys Chem 1969; 73A:563-583. [PMID: 31929649 PMCID: PMC6658450 DOI: 10.6028/jres.073a.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A review of the scaled equation of state proposed for the critical region of fluids and magnets is given using the language appropriate for fluids. The experimental evidence for the validity of the basic hypothesis underlying this equation of state is discussed in detail. Experimental data in the critical regions of CO2, Xe. and He4 are then analyzed using a closed-form expression for the chemical potential as a function of density and temperature, based on scaling ideas. Agreement between the proposed equation and the experimental data is found for the three substances. The results of the scaling of Δμ, Δρ, t data are shown not to be in contradiction with the analysis, also based on scaling ideas, of independent experimental measurements of both specific heat and vapor pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vicentini-Missoni
- Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
| | - J M H Levelt Sengers
- Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
| | - M S Green
- Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
| |
Collapse
|