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Fatima S, Zaidi SS, Alsharidah AS, Aljaser FS, Banu N. Possible Prophylactic Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Combination of Melatonin, Vitamin C and Zinc in Animals. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:585789. [PMID: 33344529 PMCID: PMC7744567 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.585789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, an epidemic, causes severe stress in both human and animals and may induce oxidative stress (OS) and increases susceptibility to infection. Domestic animals are found infected by their COVID-2 suffering owners. Chronic immobilization stress (CIS), a model of psychological and physical stress of confinement, can trigger depression and anxiety in animals. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of the proposed SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic drugs melatonin, vitamin C, and zinc on CIS-induced OS, inflammation, and DNA damage in rats. Forty male Swiss albino rats (200–250 g, 7–9 weeks old) were divided into five groups as controls, CIS, treated with melatonin (20 mg/kg), and vitamin C plus zinc [VitC+Zn (250 + 2.5 mg/kg)] alone or in combination (melatonin+VitC+zinc) subjected to CIS for 3 weeks. CIS was induced by immobilizing the whole body of the rats in wire mesh cages of their size with free movement of head. Exposure to CIS significantly compromised the circulatory activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione with enhanced malondialdehyde, inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL10, and TNFα), and lymphocyte DNA damage in comparison to controls. Treatment with melatonin and VitC+Zn alone or in combination significantly restored the altered biochemical parameters and DNA damage of stressed rats to their respective control values. However, the cumulative action of melatonin with VitC+Zn was more effective in alleviating the CIS-induced OS, inflammation, and DNA damage. The present study indicates that the antioxidant combination can be an effective preventive measure to combat severe psychological and confinement stress-induced biochemical changes in animals due to abnormal conditions such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shams Zaidi
- Director of Pharmacy, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Feda S Aljaser
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Banu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Cruz-Ηernández TR, Gómez-Jiménez DC, Campos-Rodríguez R, Godínez-Victoria M, Drago-Serrano ME. Analysis of the intestinal IgA response in mice exposed to chronic stress and treated with bovine lactoferrin. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:126. [PMID: 33655328 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A, an antibody with a pivotal role in gut homeostasis, can be modulated by stress and bovine lactoferrin (bLf). The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of chronic stress on the IgA response in the small intestine during bLf treatment. Male BALB/c mice (n=6 mice/group) underwent 1 h of chronic stress by immobilization for 7 consecutive days or were left unstressed, and were untreated or treated with bLf (50, 500 or 5,000 <em>µ</em>g). Plasma corticosterone expression levels were determined by ELISA. The distal small intestine was dissected to analyze: i) total IgA, secretory IgA and IgG, as well as and specific IgA and IgG antibody levels in the intestinal liquid by ELISA; ii) α‑chain and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) protein expression in epithelial cell extracts analyzed by western blotting; iii) the mRNA expression levels of α‑/J‑chains, pIgR, IL‑2, IL‑4, IL‑5 and IL‑6 in whole mucosal samples by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Data were analyzed by one‑way ANOVA, and the differences were analyzed by the Holm‑Šidák post hoc test and were considered significant if P<0.05. Results from the present study revealed the upregulatory effects of chronic stress on the total antibody levels, protein (α‑chain; 78‑kDa pIgR) and mRNA (α‑ and J‑chains; pIgR; IL‑6) expression levels were restricted by bLf under stress. The effects of chronic stress on the downregulation of IL‑2 and IL‑4 mRNA expression were not changed by bLf under stress. The corticosterone response in unstressed mice treated with 5,000 <em>µ</em>g bLf and the specific‑IgG levels in the unstressed and stressed groups treated with bLf at all doses were increased. The findings suggested an effect of bLf in maintaining homeostasis under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Rocío Cruz-Ηernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuauhtémoc Gómez-Jiménez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Rafael Campos-Rodríguez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Sakhri FZ, Adachi N, Zerizer S, Ohashi Y, Ikemoto H, Tsukada M, Kabouche Z, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Behavioral and neurological improvement by Cydonia oblonga fruit extract in chronic immobilization stress rats. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2074-2084. [PMID: 33205508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that chronic stress is a contributing factor to several physical and mental diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Cydonia oblonga fruit (HECO, 300 mg/kg) in chronically immobilized rats on physiological and behavioral parameters by the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) and on neurological alterations by analysis of the hippocampal neurogenesis. A daily 6 hr exposure to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) for 21 consecutive days induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats' concomitant with decreased weight gain and increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, rats also showed atrophy in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and a decreased number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). Treatment with HECO successfully suppressed the physiological and behavioral markers of the CIS and prevents the structural abnormality and the impaired cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Moreover, the daily administration of HECO improved the mood function in normal rats. Taking together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the anti-depressive effect of C. oblonga fruit by enhancing the hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Z Sakhri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Sakina Zerizer
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yusuke Ohashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
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Naskar S, Chattarji S. Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on the Structure and Number of Astrocytes in the Amygdala versus Hippocampus. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO. [PMID: 30783612 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0338-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress causes divergent patterns of structural and physiological plasticity in the hippocampus versus amygdala. However, a majority of earlier studies focused primarily on neurons. Despite growing evidence for the importance of glia in health and disease, relatively little is known about how stress affects astrocytes. Further, previous work focused on hippocampal astrocytes. Hence, we examined the impact of chronic immobilization stress (2 h/d, 10 d), on the number and structure of astrocytes in the rat hippocampus and amygdala. We observed a reduction in the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes in the basal amygdala (BA), 1 d after the end of 10 d of chronic stress. Detailed morphometric analysis of individual dye-filled astrocytes also revealed a decrease in the neuropil volume occupied by these astrocytes in the BA, alongside a reduction in the volume fraction of fine astrocytic protrusions rather than larger dendrite-like processes. By contrast, the same chronic stress had no effect on the number or morphology of astrocytes in hippocampal area CA3. We also confirmed previous reports that chronic stress triggers dendritic hypertrophy in dye-filled BA principal neurons that were located adjacent to astrocytes that had undergone atrophy. Thus, building on earlier evidence for contrasting patterns of stress-induced plasticity in neurons across brain areas, our findings offer new evidence that the same stress can also elicit divergent morphological effects in astrocytes in the hippocampus versus the amygdala.
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Ma Q, Li X, Yan Z, Jiao H, Wang T, Hou Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Chen J. Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1-Oxytocin-Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:910. [PMID: 31920757 PMCID: PMC6914835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress is an important risk factor for depression. The nesfatin-1 (NES1)-oxytocin (OT)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neural pathway, which is involved in the stress response, was recently shown to have an anorectic effect in the hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that Xiaoyaosan, a well-known antidepressant used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively relieved appetite loss induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). However, whether Xiaoyaosan ameliorates depression-like behaviors and anorexia by regulating the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway remains unclear. Objective: To investigate whether the antidepressant-like and anti-anorexia effects of Xiaoyaosan are related to the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway in the hypothalamus. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into control, CIS, Xiaoyaosan treatment, and fluoxetine treatment groups. The rats in the CIS, Xiaoyaosan treatment, and fluoxetine treatment groups were subjected to CIS for 21 consecutive days, during which they were administered distilled water, a Xiaoyaosan decoction [3.854 g/(kg·d)] or fluoxetine [1.76 mg/(kg·d)], respectively, by gavage, and their body weights and food intake were monitored daily. The rats were subsequently subjected to the open field test and sucrose preference test. Then, the expression levels of corticosterone and NES1 in the serum and the expression levels of NES1, OT, POMC, and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunochemistry. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining was used to determine whether related proteins in the hypothalamic NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway were co-expressed. Results: Compared to control rats, rats exposed to CIS exhibited gradually less food intake and lower body weights and significantly increased concentrations of NES1 in the serum and paraventricular nucleus. Moreover, the expression levels of POMC, OT, and MC4R in the hypothalamus were significantly higher in the CIS group than those in the control group. However, these changes were reversed by pretreatment with Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine. Specifically, the expression levels of members of the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway were lower in the Xiaoyaosan-treated group than in the CIS group. Conclusion: Xiaoyaosan ameliorates CIS-induced depression-like behaviors and anorexia by regulating the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Jiao H, Yan Z, Ma Q, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Chen J. Influence of Xiaoyaosan on depressive-like behaviors in chronic stress-depressed rats through regulating tryptophan metabolism in hippocampus. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:21-31. [PMID: 30587994 PMCID: PMC6302818 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s185295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tryptophan metabolism has always been considered to play a vital role in mental disorder diseases, and how traditional Chinese formula Xiaoyaosan regulates the tryptophan metabolism is a complement to the pathogenesis of depression. This study established a depression rat model by the chronic immobilization stress (CIS) method and observed the change in tryptophan metabolism in hippocampus and the effects of Xiaoyaosan. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control group, CIS group, Xiaoyaosan group, and fluoxetine group. The depression model was established by the 21-day CIS. The food intake and body weight were recorded, and the sucrose preference test (SPT), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test and open field test (OFT) were also used to evaluate the model. Then, the contents of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hippocampus were detected by the ELISA method, and the expression levels of tryptophan hydrogenase 2 (TPH2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in hippocampus were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods. RESULTS The behavioral data showed a significant difference between the model group and the normal group. The 5-HT content in the hippocampi of CIS rats was significantly reduced, whereas the tryptophan content in the hippocampi of model rats was significantly increased. The TPH2 level in hippocampus of the model group was significantly decreased, and the IDO1 level was significantly increased. Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could significantly reverse these changes and had obvious curative effects. CONCLUSION The abnormal tryptophan metabolism existed in the hippocampi of chronic stress-depressed rats, which was closely related to the pathogenesis of depression. Xiaoyaosan could improve the tryptophan metabolism by regulating the expression levels of TPH2 and IDO1, thus exerting an antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China,
| | - Zhiyi Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China,
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China,
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China,
| | - Youming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China,
| | - Yueyun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China,
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China, .,Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China,
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Li XH, Zhou XM, Li XJ, Liu YY, Liu Q, Guo XL, Yang LQ, Chen JX. Effects of Xiaoyaosan on the Hippocampal Gene Expression Profile in Rats Subjected to Chronic Immobilization Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 31031647 PMCID: PMC6474260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effect of Xiaoyaosan and its anti-stress mechanism in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress at the whole genome level. Methods: Rat whole genome expression chips (Illumina) were used to detect differences in hippocampal gene expression in rats from the control group (CN group), model group (M group) and Xiaoyaosan group (XYS group) that were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. The Gene Ontology terms and signaling pathways that were altered in the hippocampus gene expression profile were analyzed. The network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes was also established. To verify the results from the gene chips, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2, and CDK6 genes in hippocampal tissues. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of the GABRA1 and CRHR2 genes and proteins, respectively. Results: Compared with the CN group, 566 differentially expressed genes were identified in the M group. Compared with the M group, 544 differentially expressed genes were identified in the XYS group. In the M and XYS groups, multiple significantly upregulated or downregulated genes functioned in various biological processes. The cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly inhibited in the hippocampus of the model group. The actin cytoskeleton regulation pathway was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the XYS group. The inhibition of hippocampal cell growth was the core molecular event of network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes in the model group. Promotion of the regeneration of hippocampal neurons was the core molecular event of the transcriptional regulatory network in the XYS group. The levels of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2 and CDK6 mRNAs, and proteins were basically consistent with the results obtained from the gene chip. Conclusion: XYS may have the ability of resistance to stress, enhancement immunity and promotion nerve cell regeneration by regulating the expression of multiple genes in numerous pathways and repaired the stress-induced impairments in hippocampal structure and function by inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. These results may provide the possible target spots in the treatment of stress in rats with XYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Rahman MM, Shukla A, Chattarji S. Extinction recall of fear memories formed before stress is not affected despite higher theta activity in the amygdala. eLife 2018; 7:35450. [PMID: 30102149 PMCID: PMC6125126 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to exert its detrimental effects not only by enhancing fear, but also by impairing its extinction. However, in earlier studies stress exposure preceded both processes. Thus, compared to unstressed animals, stressed animals had to extinguish fear memories that were strengthened by prior exposure to stress. Here, we dissociate the two processes to examine if stress specifically impairs the acquisition and recall of fear extinction. Strikingly, when fear memories were formed before stress exposure, thereby allowing animals to initiate extinction from comparable levels of fear, recall of fear extinction was unaffected. Despite this, we observed a persistent increase in theta activity in the BLA. Theta activity in the mPFC, by contrast, was normal. Stress also disrupted mPFC-BLA theta-frequency synchrony and directional coupling. Thus, in the absence of the fear-enhancing effects of stress, the expression of fear during and after extinction reflects normal regulation of theta activity in the mPFC, not theta hyperactivity in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumantra Chattarji
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Integrative Physiology, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sun L, Liu P, Liu F, Zhou Y, Chu Z, Li Y, Chu G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Dang YH. Effects of Hint1 deficiency on emotional-like behaviors in mice under chronic immobilization stress. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00831. [PMID: 29075577 PMCID: PMC5651401 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is regarded as a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor and is closely associated with diverse neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, HINT1 is related to gender-specific acute behavior changes in schizophrenia and in response to nicotine. Stress has a range of molecular effects in emotional disorders, which can cause a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, resulting in hippocampal atrophy and neuronal cell loss. METHODS This study examined the role of HINT1 deficiency in anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors and BDNF expression in the hippocampus under chronic immobilization stress, and investigated whether the sex-specific and haplo-insufficient effects exist in emotional-like behaviors under the same condition. RESULTS In a battery of behavior tests, the results of the control group, not exposed to stress, showed that knockout (KO) and heterozygosity (HT) of Hint1 had anxiolytic-like and antidepression-like effects on the male and female mice. However, both male and female Hint1-KO mice showed elevated anxiety-related and antidepression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress; moreover, both male and female Hint1-HT mice displayed elevated anxiety-related behavior and increased depression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress. There were no significant differences in general locomotor activity between Hint1-KO and -HT mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Hint1-KO mice under basal and chronic immobilization stress conditions expressed more BDNF in the hippocampus than did Hint1-HT and WT mice; overall, there were no significant sex differences in emotional-like behaviors of Hint1-KO and -HT mice. Additionally, Hint1-HT mice showed haplo-insufficient effects on emotional-like behaviors under basic conditions, rather than under chronic immobilization stress. CONCLUSIONS Both male and female HINT 1 KO and HT mice had a trend of anxiolytic-like behavior and antidepression-like behavior at control group. However, both male and female HINT1 KO mice showed elevated anxiety-related and antidepression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress; moreover, both male and female HINT1 HT mice displayed elevated anxiety-related behavior and increased depression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankang Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Guang Chu
- Zong Lian College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA
| | - Yong-Hui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
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Kim Y, Lee HY, Cho SH. Antidepressant Effects of Pharmacopuncture on Behavior and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression in Chronic Stress Model of Mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2017; 10:402-408. [PMID: 29275796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of the traditional Korean medical pharmacopuncture, Liver Qi Depression (HJ11), in a mouse model of depression induced by exposure to chronic immobilization stress (CIS). METHODS Mice were subjected to 2 hours of immobilization stress daily for 14 days. They were also injected with distilled water (DW) (CIS + DW) or HJ11 at the acupoints HT7, SP6, and GV20 (CIS + HJ11) an hour before stress. The positive control group (CIS + paroxetine) was intraperitoneally injected with paroxetine (10 mg/kg, 14 days). The tail suspension test and the forced swimming test were performed to assess depression-like behaviors. Western blotting was also conducted to seek the change in brain. RESULTS CIS + DW mice showed significantly longer immobile times in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test than sham mice that did not go through daily restraint. Immobility of CIS + HJ11 and that of CIS + paroxetine mice was significantly decreased compared with immobility of CIS + DW mice. Immunoblotting showed that HJ11 increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor both in the hippocampus and the amygdala. CONCLUSION HJ11 improves depressive-like behaviors in the stress-induced mouse model of depression, and the results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of HJ11, identified by brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, may play a critical role in its antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Choi MJ, Kim KN, Lee JE, Suh JW, Kim SC, Kwon KR, Cho SH. Effects of Sumsu (Bufonis venenum) Pharmacopuncture Treatment on Depression in Mice. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 17:27-33. [PMID: 25780696 PMCID: PMC4331994 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2014.17.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of pharmacopuncture using sumsu (Bufonis venenum). Methods: Animals were divided into three groups (control, sham, and experimental), with eight mice per group. The sham and the experimental groups were exposed to 2 hours of immobilization stress daily for 14 days. They were also injected with normal saline (sham) or subjected to pharmacopuncture with sumsu at the acupoints HT7, SP6, and GV20 (experimental). The depression or anxiety-like behaviors of the mice in each group were evaluated 1 day after treatment. Results: There was no difference in locomotor activity between the groups during the open-field test; i.e., all groups had normal motor function. However, the open-field and the forced-swimming tests revealed that depression and anxiety-like behaviors were decreased significantly in the group treated with sumsu pharmacopuncture. Conclusion: Sumsu pharmacopuncture attenuated depressive or anxiety-like behavior in mice stressed with chronic immobilization. These results suggest that sumsu pharmacopuncture has therapeutic potential for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety or depression disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Na Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Suh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wonkwang Gwangju Oriental Medical Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki Rok Kwon
- Research Center of Pharmacopuncture Medicine, Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Wang S, Chen J, Yue G, Bai M, Kou M, Jin Z. Neuropeptide Y and leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus of rats with chronic immobilization stress. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1721-6. [PMID: 25206469 PMCID: PMC4145910 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.18.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were immobilized to a frame for 3 hours a day for 21 days to establish a model of chronic immobilization stress. The body weight and food intake of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Dual-labeling immunofluorescence revealed that the expression of leptin receptor and the co-localization coeffient in these leptic receptor neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus were both upregulated, while the number of neuropeptide Y neurons was decreased. Chronic immobilization stress induced high expression of leptin receptor in the arcuate nucleus and suppressed the synthesis and secretion of neuropeptide Y, thereby disrupting the pathways in the arcuate nucleus that regulate feeding behavior, resulting in diminished food intake and reduced body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Wang
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China ; Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangxin Yue
- Institute of Basic Theory in Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Minghua Bai
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meijing Kou
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongye Jin
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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