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Adegoke A, Ribeiro JMC, Brown S, Smith RC, Karim S. Rickettsia parkeri hijacks tick hemocytes to manipulate cellular and humoral transcriptional responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094326. [PMID: 36845157 PMCID: PMC9950277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood-feeding arthropods rely on robust cellular and humoral immunity to control pathogen invasion and replication. Tick hemocytes produce factors that can facilitate or suppress microbial infection and pathogenesis. Despite the importance of hemocytes in regulating microbial infection, understanding of their basic biology and molecular mechanisms remains limited. Methods Here we combined histomorphology and functional analysis to identify five distinct phagocytic and non-phagocytic hemocyte populations circulating within the Gulf Coast tick Amblyomma maculatum. Results and discussion Depletion of phagocytic hemocytes using clodronate liposomes revealed their function in eliminating bacterial infection. We provide the first direct evidence that an intracellular tick-borne pathogen, Rickettsia parkeri, infects phagocytic hemocytes in Am. maculatum to modify tick cellular immune responses. A hemocyte-specific RNA-seq dataset generated from hemocytes isolated from uninfected and R. parkeri-infected partially blood-fed ticks generated ~40,000 differentially regulated transcripts, >11,000 of which were immune genes. Silencing two differentially regulated phagocytic immune marker genes (nimrod B2 and eater-two Drosophila homologs), significantly reduced hemocyte phagocytosis. Conclusion Together, these findings represent a significant step forward in understanding how hemocytes regulate microbial homeostasis and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Adegoke
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Jose M. C. Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sidney Brown
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Ryan C. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Wan H, Brathwaite S, Ai J, Hynynen K, Macdonald RL. Role of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in outcome following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1842-1857. [PMID: 33444089 PMCID: PMC8327101 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20980296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and clearance of erythrocytes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the distribution of erythrocytes after SAH and the cells involved in their clearance. To visualize erythrocyte distribution, we injected fluorescently-labelled erythrocytes into the prechiasmatic cistern of mice. 10 minutes after injection, we found labelled erythrocytes in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system, and also in the perivascular spaces surrounding large penetrating arterioles. 2 and 5 days after SAH, fluorescence was confined within leptomeningeal and perivascular cells. We identified the perivascular cells as perivascular macrophages based on their morphology, location, Iba-1 immunoreactivity and preferential uptake of FITC-dextran. We subsequently depleted meningeal and perivascular macrophages 2 days before or 3 hours after SAH with clodronate liposomes. At day 5 after SAH, we found increased blood deposition in mice treated prior to SAH, but not those treated after. Treatment post-SAH improved neurological scoring, reduced neuronal cell death and perivascular inflammation, whereas pre-treatment only reduced perivascular inflammation. Our data indicate that after SAH, erythrocytes are distributed throughout the subarachnoid space extending into the perivascular spaces of parenchymal arterioles. Furthermore, meningeal and perivascular macrophages are involved in erythrocyte uptake and play an important role in outcome after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyee Wan
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shakira Brathwaite
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Loch Macdonald
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA
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Abstract
Tissue reactions after transplantation can affect the maturation and prognosis of the transplanted engineered tissue in regenerative medicine. Since macrophages are broadly subdivided into two major phenotypes, inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory/wound healing (M2), in this study, we examined the properties of macrophages in transplantation of tissue-engineered cartilage, to clarify their effects on cartilage maturation. Human chondrocytes were embedded in a poly-L-lactic acid scaffold, which was transplanted subcutaneously on the back in athymic mice. When the constructs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, interleukin 1 expression was detectable at 4 days, and it reached a peak at 7 days. Interleukin 6 expression was increased at 7 to 11 days, suggesting that M1 macrophages were abundant around this time. On the other hand, expression of markers for M2 macrophages occurred rather later, with Fizz and Ym1 expression peaking at around 11 to 14 days, possibly indicating that polarization of macrophages in tissue-engineered cartilage could shift from M1 to M2 around 11 days after transplantation. When cultured by using the conditioned medium of M2 macrophages, chondrocytes showed significantly increased expression of type 2 collagen, suggesting that M2 macrophages could enhance the maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage. Also, by partially depleting macrophages with clodronate liposomes in the initial period, during which M1 macrophages were dominant, more cartilage matrix accumulated in transplanted constructs at 2 weeks. It was suggested that polarization of macrophages shifted from M1 to M2 in the transplantation of tissue-engineered cartilage, and controlling the polarization could be advantageous for the maturation of transplanted engineered tissues. Impact statement In transplantation of engineered tissues, it is imperative for immune reactions to proceed in a proper and timely manner. In this study, we transplanted tissue-engineered cartilage consisting of a biodegradable polymer scaffold and chondrocytes, and examined the properties of macrophages. It was shown that the polarization of macrophages shifted from inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory/wound healing (M2) around 11 days after transplantation. Partial suppression of macrophages at the early stage of transplantation, which were mainly M1 macrophages, promoted more accumulation of cartilage matrix. This study indicates a possible approach to facilitate cartilage maturation by intervening in the polarity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujihara
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Lim D, Kim W, Lee C, Bae H, Kim J. Macrophage Depletion Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Colon and Lung. Front Physiol 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 29483875 PMCID: PMC5816061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered as a major risk factor for pulmonary and intestinal inflammation. CS leads to macrophage infiltration in the mucosae of the lung and colon, inducing the uncontrolled secretion of inflammatory mediators, and thus promoting inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated whether macrophage depletion modulates cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon. The mice were exposed to CS for 30 min, after which they were rested in a fresh air environment for 30 min. The total duration of exposure to CS was 2 h per day for 4 weeks. Macrophage depletion state was made with the injection of clodronate containing liposome. Individual body weights were measured twice a week, and the mice were sacrificed on day 28. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed in the lung and colon tissue to determine histological changes. Inflammatory mediators' synthesis was analyzed using ELISA and western blotting. Clodronate liposome treatment ameliorated pathological changes associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the lung and colon. Also, clodronate liposome injected mice showed significantly lower level of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokine and proteases. Our results indicated that macrophage depletion by clodronate liposome treatment attenuates CS-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woogyeong Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Soki FN, Cho SW, Kim YW, Jones JD, Park SI, Koh AJ, Entezami P, Daignault-Newton S, Pienta KJ, Roca H, McCauley LK. Bone marrow macrophages support prostate cancer growth in bone. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35782-96. [PMID: 26459393 PMCID: PMC4742141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages in bone play important roles in bone remodeling, repair, and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, yet their role in skeletal metastasis remains under investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of macrophages in prostate cancer skeletal metastasis, using two in vivo mouse models of conditional macrophage depletion. RM-1 syngeneic tumor growth was analyzed in an inducible macrophage (CSF-1 receptor positive cells) ablation model (MAFIA mice). There was a significant reduction in tumor growth in the tibiae of macrophage-ablated mice, compared with control non-ablated mice. Similar results were observed when macrophage ablation was performed using liposome-encapsulated clodronate and human PC-3 prostate cancer cells where tumor-bearing long bones had increased numbers of tumor associated-macrophages. Although tumors were consistently smaller in macrophage-depleted mice, paradoxical results of macrophage depletion on bone were observed. Histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses demonstrated that clodronate-treated mice had increased bone volume, while MAFIA mice had reduced bone volume. These results suggest that the effect of macrophage depletion on tumor growth was independent of its effect on bone responses and that macrophages in bone may be more important to tumor growth than the bone itself. In conclusion, resident macrophages play a pivotal role in prostate cancer growth in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana N Soki
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Won Kim
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Jones
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Payam Entezami
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hernan Roca
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chen J, Fujino R, Zhao R, Semba U, Araki K, Yamamoto T. Role of blood ribosomal protein S19 in coagulum resorption: a study using Gln137Glu-ribosomal protein S19 gene knock-in mouse. Pathol Int 2014; 64:543-50. [PMID: 25329761 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sera of human, guinea pig or mouse contain a strong monocyte chemoattractant capacity that is attributed to the ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) oligomers generated during blood coagulation. In contrast, sera prepared from Gln137Glu-RP S19 gene knock-in mice contained negligible chemoattractant capacity. When coagula that had been pre-formed from the blood of both the wild type and knock-in mice were intraperitoneally inserted into host mice, after 3 days of recovery, the knock-in mouse coagula remained larger than the wild type mouse coagula. The wild type mouse coagula were covered by multiple macrophage layers at the surface and were infiltrated inside by macrophages. Knock-in mouse coagula exhibited less macrophage involvement. When coagula of knock-in mice and coagula of knock-in mice containing C5a/RP S19, an artificial substitute of the RP S19 oligomers, were intraperitoneally inserted as pairs, the C5a/RP S19 containing coagulum was more rapidly absorbed, concomitant with increased macrophage involvement. Finally, when the knock-in mouse and wild type mouse coagula pairs were inserted into mice in which macrophages had been depleted using clodronate liposome, the size difference of recovered coagula was reversed. These results indicate the importance of the RP S19 oligomer-induced macrophage recruitment in coagulum resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Science and Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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