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Annie FH, Crews C, Drabish K, Mandapaka S. Effect of Coal Mining on Health Outcomes Between Male and Female Miners in Southern West Virginia: A Brief Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e49009. [PMID: 38111417 PMCID: PMC10726975 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is evidence of an association between coal mining and an increased prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mining is significantly associated with elevated chronic CVD mortality rates. Research is limited and looks at the differences between specific health outcomes between male and female coal miners. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term health outcomes of male and female coal miners in southern West Virginia. METHODS We used the Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC) data registry to look at specific health outcomes of coal miners. We queried the data warehouse from September 1, 2016, to January 1, 2023, to identify any coal miners coming to CAMC for any treatment. We identified adult patients aged 18-90 years with at least one visit to a clinic in the CAMC system. FINDINGS We identified (n=2,460) cases of coal miners, comprising of 2,280 males and 180 females. Overall, we found higher mortality rates as well as higher rates of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cancer, and mental health disorders among male coal miners. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to further examine possible contributing factors that explain the differences in health outcomes between male and female coal miners. Clinicians and policymakers need to address health disparities and occupational hazards that impact the health outcomes of coal miners living in southern West Virginia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Annie
- Cardiology, Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC), Charleston, USA
| | - Cassidy Crews
- Research, Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC), Charleston, USA
| | - Kerry Drabish
- Research, Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC), Charleston, USA
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Nicas M. Correcting Coal Miner Respirator Total Inward Leakage Values for Respiratory Tract Deposition. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:784-795. [PMID: 36946372 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The great majority of workplace respirator efficacy studies have measured total inward leakage (TIL) for particulate contaminants. One of the first such studies, designated the Harris study, was conducted in the early 1970s in US underground coal mines. As in other particle-based studies, inside-the-facepiece dust sampling was continuously conducted across the inhalation and exhalation phases of the breathing cycle, although unlike in other studies, respirable dust cyclones were used in air sampling. Because exhaled air was partially depleted of dust particles due to deposition in the respiratory tract, the measured time-averaged dust concentration inside the facepiece underestimated the time-averaged dust concentration inspired into the facepiece. In turn, the reported TIL values underestimated the true TIL values experienced, which is to say, overestimated respirator efficacy. This paper describes a method to correct the Harris study's reported TIL values for respiratory tract deposition while accounting for particle size-selective sampling by the cyclone devices. Given the estimated coal mine particle size distribution outside the respirator, it is shown that the reported TIL values should be increased by the multiplicative factor 1.69. This paper also discusses the assigned protection factor (APF) of five for the quartermask respirator class and shows that 4/5 quartermasks in the Harris study did not meet the criterion for complying with this APF value when using the corrected TIL values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nicas
- School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences Division, Room 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94740-7360, USA
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Fu A, Zhao T, Gao X, Li X, Liu X, Liu J. Association of psychological symptoms with job burnout and occupational stress among coal miners in Xinjiang, China: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1049822. [PMID: 36582381 PMCID: PMC9792974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of psychological symptoms in relation to job burnout and occupational stress among coal miners in Xinjiang, so as to provide data support for enterprises in an effort to help them identify internal psychological risk factors and improve the mental health of coal miners. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 12 coal mines were selected using the stratified cluster random sampling method and 4,109 coal miners were investigated by means of online electronic questionnaires. The Symptoms Check List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), and Job Demand-Control (JDC) model were respectively used to measure the status of psychological symptoms, job burnout, and occupational stress among coal miners. The mediation analysis was performed through structural equation modeling (SEM) by using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). Results The prevalence of psychological symptoms was higher in the occupational stress group than in the non-occupational stress group, and increased with job burnout (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that mild (OR = 1.401, 95% CL: 1.165, 1.685), moderate (OR = 2.190, 95% CL: 1.795, 2.672), or severe levels of burnout (OR = 6.102, 95% CL: 3.481, 10.694) and occupational stress (OR = 1.462, 95% CL: 1.272, 1.679) were risk factors for psychological symptoms in coal miners. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that occupational stress (β = 0.11, P = 0.002) and job burnout (β = 0.46, P = 0.002) had significant positive direct effects on psychological symptoms, and job burnout was an intermediate variable between occupational stress and psychological symptoms. Conclusion High levels of job burnout and occupational stress were risk factors for psychological symptoms. Both occupational stress and job burnout had direct effects on psychological symptoms, and occupational stress could also have an indirect effect on coal miners' psychological symptoms through the intermediate variable of job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Fu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Medical Record Management, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Medical Record Management, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xinze Li
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,*Correspondence: Jiwen Liu
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Abstract
The influence that job insecurity has on employees' safety psychology and behavior has been identified in many empirical studies, but few of these examine the influencing mechanism of job insecurity on coal miners' safety behaviors. In the de-overcapacity circumstances of coal production in China, using the strength model of self-control and conservation of resources theories, a chain mediating model was constructed to determine the relationships between job insecurity, emotional exhaustion, mind wandering, and safety compliance among coal miners. Data were collected from 447 coal miners working in three coal mines of Henan Pingdingshan Coal Industry Group. It was found that job insecurity negatively affected safety compliance, and emotional exhaustion and mind wandering played a chain mediating effect in the relationship between job insecurity and miners' safety compliance, along three specific paths. This study helps advance the understanding of the internal mechanisms of coal miners' job insecurity and how this affects individual safety performance. It also provides empirical evidence that managers can use effectively intervene in coal miners' safety performance.
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Zhao F, Zhang H, Cheng D, Wang W, Li Y, Wang Y, Lu D, Dong C, Ren D, Yang L. Predicting the risk of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners based on different machine learning models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1037944. [PMID: 36507527 PMCID: PMC9732087 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1037944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nodular thyroid disease is by far the most common thyroid disease and is closely associated with the development of thyroid cancer. Coal miners with chronic coal dust exposure are at higher risk of developing nodular thyroid disease. There are few studies that use machine learning models to predict the occurrence of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners. The aim of this study was to predict the high risk of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners based on five different Machine learning (ML) models. Methods This is a retrospective clinical study in which 1,708 coal miners who were examined at the Huaihe Energy Occupational Disease Control Hospital in Anhui Province in April 2021 were selected and their clinical physical examination data, including general information, laboratory tests and imaging findings, were collected. A synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was used for sample balancing, and the data set was randomly split into a training and Test dataset in a ratio of 8:2. Lasso regression and correlation heat map were used to screen the predictors of the models, and five ML models, including Extreme Gradient Augmentation (XGBoost), Logistic Classification (LR), Gaussian Parsimonious Bayesian Classification (GNB), Neural Network Classification (MLP), and Complementary Parsimonious Bayesian Classification (CNB) for their predictive efficacy, and the model with the highest AUC was selected as the optimal model for predicting the occurrence of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners. Result Lasso regression analysis showed Age, H-DLC, HCT, MCH, PLT, and GGT as predictor variables for the ML models; in addition, heat maps showed no significant correlation between the six variables. In the prediction of nodular thyroid disease, the AUC results of the five ML models, XGBoost (0.892), LR (0.577), GNB (0.603), MLP (0.601), and CNB (0.543), with the XGBoost model having the largest AUC, the model can be applied in clinical practice. Conclusion In this research, all five ML models were found to predict the risk of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners, with the XGBoost model having the best overall predictive performance. The model can assist clinicians in quickly and accurately predicting the occurrence of nodular thyroid disease in coal miners, and in adopting individualized clinical prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science & Technology (Huainan First People’s Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Danqing Cheng
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yongtian Li
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Yisong Wang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Dekun Lu
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science & Technology (Huainan First People’s Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Chunhui Dong
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Dingfei Ren
- Occupational Control Hospital of Huai He Energy Group, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science & Technology (Huainan First People’s Hospital), Huainan, China,*Correspondence: Lixin Yang,
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Li Y, Gao J, Qian C, Wu X. The Mediation Role of Safety Attitude in the Impact of Resilience on the Safety Behavior of Coal Miners in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15164. [PMID: 36429880 PMCID: PMC9690718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resilience can improve the adaptability of coal miners to high-hazard and high-stress environments. After facing setbacks or adversities, resilience can enable coal miners to recover from bad mental states and have an optimistic safety attitude and positive safety behaviors. However, how resilience affects safety behavior and the role of safety attitude in the relationship have not been clear. This study systematically reviewed previous research on resilience, safety attitude, and safety behavior. By recovering 639 valid questionnaires, the validity and reliability of the resilience scale, safety attitude scale, and safety behavior scale for coal miners were verified. Hierarchical regression analysis explored the relationships between resilience, safety attitude, and safety behavior. Studies have shown that resilience positively affects safety attitude and safe behavior. Safety attitude positively affects safety behaviors and plays a role as a partial mediator in the impact of resilience on safe behavior. The theoretical contribution is that the resilience of miners has a positive impact on safety behavior. Moreover, resilience can also act on safety behaviors through the partial intermediation of safety attitude. The practical contribution is that managers of coal mining companies can promote the resilience and safety attitude of coal miners to improve safety behaviors and prevent accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingqi Gao
- China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chongyang Qian
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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Di H, Ali S, Lu Y. Defining the Primary Work Stress Factors of Chinese Coal Miners-A Mixed-Methods Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14593. [PMID: 36361472 PMCID: PMC9656464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that coal miners in China have higher levels of perceived job stress. However, few studies have investigated the work stress structure of coal miners. OBJECTIVE Our study focused on the work stress of coal miners in China, with a primary aim to determine the work stress structure of coal miners in China using a mixed-methods approach. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were performed with thirty-three people (team leaders and frontline coal miners) conducted with participants from various state-owned large- and medium-sized coal mines in China. Grounded theory was used to construct an initial model for the concept of coal miners' work stress. Using the results of this initial survey and findings in the existing literature, we then constructed a preliminary questionnaire regarding coal miners' work stress and administered the questionnaire to 900 coal miners in the Shaanxi, Henan, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu provinces. RESULTS The results show that the work stress structure for coal miners differs from that for other occupational types in China, due to differences in the Chinese culture and foreign cultural influences. We revised our questionnaire based on these considerations and administered a new survey to the frontline production workers in coal mines. The preliminary questionnaires were revised and analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in a final formal model for work stress, which was supported by content and structural validity. CONCLUSION In this research, we used the framework of grounded theory to conduct an empirical analysis of the structure model of coal miners' work stress. The findings support that the primary work stress factors of Chinese coal miners included the stress of the work environment, job responsibility, interpersonal relationships, career development, the family environment, and organizational systems. Coal enterprises should therefore always take these factors into consideration when developing and implementing safety management policies aimed at to improve the occupational health status of coal miners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Di
- School of Management, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
- Energy Economy and Management Research Center, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Shujahat Ali
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
- Department of Banking and Finance, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
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Zhao F, Zhang H, Ren D, Li CM, Gu Y, Wang Y, Lu D, Zhang Z, Lu Q, Shi X, Yang L. Association of coal mine dust lung disease with Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners: A retrospective observational study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1005721. [PMID: 36388340 PMCID: PMC9650273 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coal dust is a major risk factor for the occupational health of coal miners, and underground workers with coal mine dust lung disease (Coal miners with coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD) may have a higher risk of developing Nodular thyroid disease (NTD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coal mine dust lung disease and the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners. Methods This was a clinical retrospective observational study that included 955 male coal miners from 31 different coal mining companies in Huainan, Anhui Province, China, who were examined in April 2021 at the Huainan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital to collect all their clinical physical examination data, including general conditions, laboratory test indices and imaging indices. Based on the presence or absence of Nodular thyroid disease, 429 cases with Nodular thyroid disease were classified as the diseased group and 526 cases without Nodular thyroid disease were classified as the control group. Logistic regression was used to analyse the correlation between the occurrence of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners, and further single- and multi-factor logistic regression was used to screen the risk exposure factors for Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners. Results Age, coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD), red blood cells (RBC), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), globulin (GLOB), total bilirubin (TBil) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were associated with the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners (p < 0.05) The results of univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that CMDLD (OR:4.5,95%CI:2.79-7.51) had the highest OR and CMDLD was the strongest independent risk exposure factor for the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners. Conclusions There is a strong correlation between coal mine dust lung disease and Nodular thyroid disease in underground coal miners, and clinicians need to be highly aware of the high risk of NTD in coal miners with CMDLD and adopt individualized clinical prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Dingfei Ren
- Occupational Control Hospital of Huaihe Energy Group, Huainan, China
| | - Chang-ming Li
- Occupational Control Hospital of Huaihe Energy Group, Huainan, China
| | - Yaqi Gu
- Xinhua Hospital, Huainan Xinhua Medical Group, Huainan, China
| | - Yisong Wang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Huainan, China
| | - Dekun Lu
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Qi Lu
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Xinxin Shi
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Huainan, China,*Correspondence: Lixin Yang
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Zhou M, Bian K, Hu F, Lai W. A New Strategy for Identification of Coal Miners With Abnormal Physical Signs Based on EN-mRMR. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:935481. [PMID: 35898648 PMCID: PMC9310099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.935481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal miners’ occupational health is a key part of production safety in the coal mine. Accurate identification of abnormal physical signs is the key to preventing occupational diseases and improving miners’ working environment. There are many problems when evaluating the physical health status of miners manually, such as too many sign parameters, low diagnostic efficiency, missed diagnosis, and misdiagnosis. To solve these problems, the machine learning algorithm is used to identify miners with abnormal signs. We proposed a feature screening strategy of integrating elastic net (EN) and Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR) to establish the model to identify abnormal signs and obtain the key physical signs. First, the raw 21 physical signs were expanded to 25 by feature construction technology. Then, the EN was used to delete redundant physical signs. Finally, the mRMR combined with the support vector classification of intelligent optimization algorithm by Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA-SVC) is applied to further simplify the rest of 12 relatively important physical signs and obtain the optimal model with data of six physical signs. At this time, the accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, G-mean, and MCC of the test set were 97.50%, 97.78%, 97.78%, 97.14%, 0.98, and 0.95. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy improves the model performance with the smallest features and realizes the accurate identification of abnormal coal miners. The conclusion could provide reference evidence for intelligent classification and assessment of occupational health in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Zhou
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Kai Bian
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Feng Hu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Wenhao Lai
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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McCunney RJ, Yong M. Coal Miners and Lung Cancer: Can Mortality Studies Offer a Perspective on Rat Inhalation Studies of Poorly Soluble Low Toxicity Particles? Front Public Health 2022; 10:907157. [PMID: 35910918 PMCID: PMC9334883 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation studies involving laboratory rats exposed to poorly soluble particles (PSLTs), such as carbon black and titanium dioxide, among others, have led to the development of lung cancer in conditions characterized as lung overload. Lung overload has been described as a physiological state in which pulmonary clearance is impaired, particles are not effectively removed from the lungs and chronic inflammation develops, ultimately leading to tumor growth. Since lung tumors have not occurred under similar states of lung overload in other laboratory animal species, such as mice, hamsters and guinea pigs, the relevance of the rat as a model for human risk assessment has presented regulatory challenges. It has been suggested that coal workers' pneumoconiosis may reflect a human example of apparent "lung overload" of poorly soluble particles. In turn, studies of risk of lung cancer in coal miners may offer a valuable perspective for understanding the significance of rat inhalation studies of PSLTs on humans. This report addresses whether coal can be considered a PSLT based on its composition in contrast to carbon black and titanium dioxide. We also review cohort mortality studies and case-control studies of coal workers. We conclude that coal differs substantially from carbon black and titanium dioxide in its structure and composition. Carbon black, a manufactured product, is virtually pure carbon (upwards of 98%); TiO2 is also a manufactured product. Coal contains carcinogens such as crystalline silica, beryllium, cadmium and iron, among others; in addition, coal mining activities tend to occur in the presence of operating machinery in which diesel exhaust particles, a Type I Human carcinogen, may be present in the occupational environment. As a result of its composition and the environment in which coal mining occurs, it is scientifically inappropriate to consider coal a PSLT. Despite coal not being similar to carbon black or TiO2, through the use of a weight of evidence approach-considered the preferred method when evaluating disparate studies to assess risk- studies of coal-mine workers do not indicate a consistent increase in lung cancer risk. Slight elevations in SMR cannot lead to a reliable conclusion about an increased risk due to limitations in exposure assessment and control of inherent biases in case-control studies, most notably confounding and recall bias. In conclusion, the weight of the scientific literature suggests that coal mine dust is not a PSLT, and it does not increase lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. McCunney
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mei Yong
- MY EpiConsulting, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Hall NB, Nye MJ, Blackley DJ, Laney AS, Mazurek JM, Halldin CN. Respiratory health of American Indian and Alaska Native coal miners participating in the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program, 2014-2019. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:162-165. [PMID: 35032040 PMCID: PMC10870733 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, a federal rule reduced occupational exposure limits to coal mine dust and expanded medical surveillance eligibility beyond underground miners to surface and contract coal miners. This expansion may have provided an opportunity for more American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) coal miners to participate in screening, since many surface coal mines are located near AI/AN communities and may employ AI/AN miners. Therefore we sought to better understand the respiratory health of AI/AN coal miners by characterizing prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), and abnormal lung function in this population. METHODS Descriptive analysis of 1405 chest radiographs and 627 spirometry test results for AI/AN miners who participated in the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) during 2014-2019 was conducted. RESULTS Most AI/AN miners (0-25+ years of tenure) were western United States residents (82.3%) and active surface miners (76.9%) with no underground tenure. Among miners with at least 10 years of tenure, prevalence of CWP was 3.0%, and of PMF was 0.3%. Lung function abnormalities were seen in 9.0% with primarily restrictive patterns. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CWP, PMF, and lung function abnormality among active and former AI/AN coal miners was higher than seen in a larger CWHSP study of active western miners working primarily underground with 10+ years of tenure. Interventions that eliminate or control coal mine dust exposure, identify miners with CWP early, and limit respiratory disease progression and complications remain vital for eliminating the preventable adverse health effects of coal mining. Comprehensive demographic data on the coal mining workforce are needed to improve CWHSP participation assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi B. Hall
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Maya J. Nye
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Public Health Fellow, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David J. Blackley
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - A. Scott Laney
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jacek M. Mazurek
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Cara N. Halldin
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Qin K, Jia Z, Lu T, Liu S, Lan J, You X, Li Y. The Role of Work Engagement in the Association between Psychological Capital and Safety Citizenship Behavior in Coal Miners: A Mediation Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18179303. [PMID: 34501896 PMCID: PMC8431525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the development of science and technology and the increasing importance attached by to these domains by the state and government departments in recent years, China’s coal production and safety supervision level continue to increase. However, the prevalence of frequent coal mine safety accidents has not been effectively curbed. The main purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between psychological capital and safety citizenship behavior among Chinese coal miners. Data for 317 coal miners were collected from five coal and energy enterprises. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), the Job Engagement Scale (JES), and the Safety Citizenship Behavior Scale (SCBS) were used to evaluate the coal miners’ psychological capital, work engagement, and safety citizenship behavior. The causal steps approach and bootstrap Method were used in this study to assess the proposed mediation models. A correlation analysis indicated that psychological capital, work engagement, and safety citizenship behavior were significantly correlated with each other. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that work engagement mediated the relationship between psychological capital and safety citizenship behavior. Psychological capital does not only have a direct impact on coal miners’ safety citizenship behavior, but it also has an indirect impact on coal miners’ safety citizenship behavior via work engagement. Therefore, effectively enhancing an individual’s psychological capital and work engagement may be a basic factor determining coal miners’ safety citizenship behavior, which further promotes safety production within the enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyuan Qin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhaona Jia
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Tianjiao Lu
- Student Mental Health Education Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Saifang Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jijun Lan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.Q.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Šarac I, Jovanović J, Zec M, Pavlović Z, Debeljak-Martačić J, Zeković M, Milešević J, Gurinović M, Glibetić M. Vitamin D Status and Its Correlation With Anthropometric and Biochemical Indicators of Cardiometabolic Risk in Serbian Underground Coal Miners in 2016. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689214. [PMID: 34490320 PMCID: PMC8417231 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of vitamin D in underground working coal miners and its association with their cardiometabolic health is rarely studied. This study aimed to examine vitamin D (VitD) status in Serbian underground coal miners and to correlate it with anthropometric and laboratory indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Nutritional data (food frequency questionnaire, FFQ, and two times repeated 24 h recall), anthropometric data (including segmental analysis by bio-impedance analyzer TANITA BC-545N), arterial tension, and biochemical and hematological data of 103 coal miners (aged 22-63 years) were correlated with their late summer (early September) serum 25 (OH)D levels (measured by HPLC). 68.9% of the studied coal miners were overweight/obese, and 48.5% had metabolic syndrome. Their mean VitD nutritional intakes were low: 5.3 ± 3.8 μg/day (FFQ) and 4.9 ± 8 μg/day (24 h recalls), but their mean serum 25 (OH)D levels were surprisingly high (143.7 ± 41.4 nmol/L). Only 2.9% of the coal miners had 25(OH)D levels lower than 75 nmol/L (indicating an insufficient/deficient status), while 63.2% had values above 125 nmol/L (upper optimal limit), and even 10.7% had values above 200 nmol/L. There were no statistical differences in 25 (OH)D levels in the coal miners with or without metabolic syndrome (or overweight/obesity). Interestingly, 25(OH)D levels had significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FM%), limbs FM%, serum triglycerides, GGT, AST, ALT, and ALT/AST ratio, and had significant negative correlations with serum HDL-cholesterol and age. All these correlations were lost after corrections for age, FM, FM%, and legs FM%. In Serbian coal miners, high levels of early September VitD levels were observed, indicating sufficient non-working-hour sun exposure during the summer period. Furthermore, the unexpected positive correlations of VitD levels with anthropometric and biochemical parameters indicative of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease were found. More research is needed on the VitD status of coal miners (particularly in the winter period) and its relationship with their cardiometabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Health, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Public Health Požarevac, Požarevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gurinović
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetić
- Laboratory for Public Health Nutrition, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dash S, Gupta S, Epari V, Patra PY. Association of Vitamin D Levels in Coal Miners: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:181-183. [PMID: 32905228 PMCID: PMC7467186 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_269_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coal miners working underground are likely to be at greater risk of developing Vitamin D deficiency due to reduced sunlight exposure. To date, only three studies have been reported, with no significant risk of Vitamin D deficiency among coal miners. None were conducted in the tropical region, where sunlight is ample. Objective: The present study estimated Vitamin D levels among underground coal miners in a tropical region and determined their associated factors. Methods: Serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and bone turnover markers among underground and surface workers were estimated in a matched case–control study. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using case/control as the dependent variable to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of variables which significantly (P < 0.1) differed among the cases and controls. Results: The mean Vitamin D level among both coal miners (22.12 ng/dl) and surface workers (23 ng/dl) were low. No significant difference was noted for all biochemical parameters after adjusting for other covariates except the parathyroid hormone (PTH), which was marginally higher among the surface workers. Conclusions: Even in the absence of statistically significant evidence of low Vitamin D level in underground workers compared to surface workers, there was indirect evidence (of differences in PTH) to indicate that Vitamin D level is lower in underground workers probably because of poor sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Dash
- Department of Medicine, Nehru Shatabdi Central Hospital, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, Talcher, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandhya Gupta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkatarao Epari
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priti Yugma Patra
- Department of Medicine, Nehru Shatabdi Central Hospital, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, Talcher, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Abstract
The rate of coal mine accidents in China is still high and most coal mine accidents are caused by human unsafe behavior, and the correction of the behavior is, therefore, paramount. In this article, a group dynamics field model and a hierarchical index system of the group dynamics factors of the unsafe behavior of coal miners are established. The internal and external dynamics of groups are analyzed and the importance of each factor is calculated and determined. On this basis, suggested correction measures are put forward. Then, in combination with a questionnaire, the corrective measures of unsafe behaviors are determined and simulated. The results show that, while the correction of unsafe behaviors both in progress and after implementation can achieve good results, the former is more effective than the latter. Via the present research, both unsafe behaviors and the occurrence of coal mine accidents can be effectively prevented, and the safety of coal mine production can be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- College of Intelligent Engineering, Shandong Management University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggui Cao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Han
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Operation Department, Zhejiang Zhoushan beixiangda channel Co., Ltd, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Qu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Prasad SK, Singh S, Bose A, Prasad B, Banerjee O, Bhattacharjee A, Maji BK, Samanta A, Mukherjee S. Association between duration of coal dust exposure and respiratory impairment in coal miners of West Bengal, India. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2020; 27:794-804. [PMID: 32172683 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1742463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The prevalence and severity of respiratory disorders are very high among coal miners as continuous exposure of workers in such an environment leads to accumulation of dust in the lungs. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of lung function impairment and to determine whether there is any correlation between dust exposure duration and lung function indices. Materials. Two hundred and thirty underground coal dust-exposed workers and 130 age-matched non-exposed workers were recruited from an underground mine in West Bengal, India. A spirometry test was performed for lung function and also basic information on personnel's dust exposure, smoking and respiratory morbidity was collected. Student's t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), uncorrected Pearson's χ2 test and Fischer's exact test were performed for statistical analysis. Results. Lung function indices were significantly (p < 0.050) impaired between the exposed (43.91%) and non-exposed (23.85%) groups. In addition, highly significant decrements in the pulmonary volumes of exposed subjects were also noted. Furthermore, a high negative correlation was observed between spirometric results and exposure time in the exposed group compared with the non-exposed group. Conclusion. This study suggested a positive relationship between exposure time and lung function deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ananya Bose
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, India
| | | | - Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, India
| | | | | | - Amalendu Samanta
- Department of Occupational Health, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, India
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Kumari Prasad S, Singh S, Bose A, Prasad B, Banerjee O, Bhattacharjee A, Kumar Maji B, Samanta A, Mukherjee S. Combined effect of coal dust exposure and smoking on the prevalence of respiratory impairment among coal miners of West Bengal, India. Arch Environ Occup Health 2019; 74:350-357. [PMID: 30706770 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1568225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis is considered as a serious occupational health problem. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of lung function impairment of underground coal miners in West Bengal, India. A total of 230 underground coal dust-exposed subjects and 130 nonexposed subjects were examined for lung function test and also information on sociodemographic characteristics, addiction, respiratory morbidity, personnel protective equipment and dust exposure were collected. Lung function impairment was significantly higher in exposed group than nonexposed group and personnel dust exposure level were exceeded above the NIOSH recommended level. In addition, respiratory ailments were found to be higher in exposed group than the nonexposed group. So, this study has established the need for an advanced understanding of the quantifiable and measurable remedies for protection of lung disorder of coal mine workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Kumari Prasad
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Bose
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Oly Banerjee
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Amalendu Samanta
- Department of Occupational Health, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
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Tong R, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Jia Q, Ma X, Shao G. Evaluating Targeted Intervention on Coal Miners' Unsafe Behavior. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16030422. [PMID: 30717157 PMCID: PMC6388292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Miners’ unsafe behavior is the main cause of roof accidents in coal mines, and behavior intervention plays a significant role in reducing the occurrence of miners’ unsafe behavior. However, traditional behavior intervention methods lack pertinence. In order to improve the intervention effect and reduce the occurrence of coal mine roof accidents more effectively, this study proposed a targeted intervention method for unsafe behavior. The process of targeted intervention node locating was constructed, and based on the analysis of 331 coal mine roof accidents in China, three kinds of targeted intervention nodes were located. The effectiveness of targeted intervention nodes was evaluated by using structural equation model (SEM) through randomly distributing questionnaires to miners of Pingdingshan coal. The results show that, in preventing roof accidents of coal mines, the targeted intervention nodes have a significant positive impact on the intervention effect. The method can also be applied to the safety management of other industries by adjusting the node location and evaluation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Tong
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yunyun Yang
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qingli Jia
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guohua Shao
- School of emergency management and safety engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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Becarevic M, Salihefendic N, Zildzic M. Effects of salt intake on blood pressure in banovici coal mine workers. Mater Sociomed 2015; 26:385-8. [PMID: 25685083 PMCID: PMC4314172 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2014.26.385-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High blood pressure is the cause of almost 13 % of all deaths in the world. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is “gold standard” in diet recommended by American Society of Hypertension, American Heart Association and Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 for reduction many CV risk factors including hypertension. Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension through DASH dietary program with reduction of salt intake can significantly reduce high values of blood pressure and decrease general cardiovascular risks. Goal: The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of hypertension among miners in Banovici coal mine and amount of salt taken in meals during work time. Material and methods: We inspected the medical documentation and registers for all employees in coal mine Banovici in order to provide calculation of hypertension prevalence. Based on reports and company standards on grocery usage and average amount of salt used in preparation of one meal in coal mine kitchen, we have calculated the average consumption of salt of one employee per meal. Results: There are 2700 of employees in coal mine Banovici with average life age of 46 years. From them 694 (25.7%) miners have arterial hypertension. Also 707023 kg of salt is being spent for preparation of meals in coal mine kitchen on yearly basis. Employees take between 4-9 grams of salt per one meal excluding the salt contained in bread. Conclusion: the amount of salt intake per one meal in the coal mine kitchen is larger from daily doses recommended by ACC/AHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevera Becarevic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Public Health Centre Banovici,Banovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Muharem Zildzic
- Practice "Medicus-A" Gracanica, Gracanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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