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Orosz G, Tóth-Király I, Büki N, Ivaskevics K, Bőthe B, Fülöp M. The Four Faces of Competition: The Development of the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory. Front Psychol 2018; 9:779. [PMID: 29872415 PMCID: PMC5972296 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no short scale exists with established factor structure that can assess individual differences in competition. The aim of the present study was to uncover and operationalize the facets of competitive orientations with theoretical underpinning and strong psychometric properties. A total of 2676 respondents were recruited for four studies. The items were constructed based on qualitative research in different cultural contexts. A combined method of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed. ESEM resulted in a four-factor structure of the competitive orientations and this structure was supported by a series of CFAs on different comprehensive samples. The Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory (MCOI) included 12 items and four factors: hypercompetitive orientation, self-developmental competitive orientation, anxiety-driven competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition. Strong gender invariance was established. The four facets of competition have differentiated relationship patterns with adaptive and maladaptive personality and motivational constructs. The MCOI can assess the adaptive and maladaptive facets of competitive orientations with a short, reliable, valid and theoretically underlined multidimensional measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Büki
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Ivaskevics
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Criminal Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Law Enforcement, National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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