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Olmos L, Gonzaléz-Pedraza AS, Vergara-Hernández HJ, Chávez J, Jimenez O, Mihalcea E, Arteaga D, Ruiz-Mondragón JJ. Ti64/20Ag Porous Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15175956. [PMID: 36079338 PMCID: PMC9457260 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Ti64/20Ag highly porous composite fabricated by powder metallurgy for biomedical applications and provide an insight into its microstructure and mechanical proprieties. In this work, the Ti64/20Ag highly porous composites were successfully fabricated by the space holder technique and consolidated by liquid phase sintering, at lower temperatures than the ones used for Ti64 materials. The sintering densification was evaluated by dilatometry tests and the microstructural characterization and porosity features were determined by scanning electron microscopy and computed microtomography. Permeability was estimated by numerical simulations on the 3D real microstructure. Mechanical properties were evaluated by simple compression tests. Densification was achieved by interparticle pore filling with liquid Ag that does not drain to the large pores, with additional densification due to the macroscopical deformation of large pores. Pore characteristics are closely linked to the pore formers and the permeability was highly increased by increasing the pore volume fraction, mainly because the connectivity was improved. As expected, with the increase in porosity, the mechanical properties decreased. These results permitted us to gain a greater understanding of the microstructure and to confirm that we developed a promising Ti64/20Ag composite, showing E of 7.4 GPa, σy of 123 MPa and permeability of 3.93 × 10-11 m2. Enhanced adaptability and antibacterial proprieties due to Ag were obtained for bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Olmos
- INICIT, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Fco. J. Mujica S/N, Morelia C.P. 58060, Mexico
| | - Ana S. Gonzaléz-Pedraza
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Morelia, Av. Tecnológico #1500, Colonia Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia C.P. 58120, Mexico
| | - Héctor J. Vergara-Hernández
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Morelia, Av. Tecnológico #1500, Colonia Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia C.P. 58120, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge Chávez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, México
| | - Omar Jimenez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, Universidad de Guadalajara, José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Los Belenes, Zapopan C.P. 45100, Mexico
| | - Elena Mihalcea
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Morelia, Av. Tecnológico #1500, Colonia Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia C.P. 58120, Mexico
| | - Dante Arteaga
- Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 3001, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
| | - José J. Ruiz-Mondragón
- Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales SA de CV, Calle Ciencia y Tecnología 790, Fracc. Saltillo 400, Saltillo C.P. 25290, Mexico
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Kaczmarek Ł, Jastrzębska M, Wejrzanowski T. The Impact of Microwave Drying on the Structure of Exemplary Soils-Insights Using X-ray Microtomography. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5891. [PMID: 36079273 PMCID: PMC9457498 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of soil drying methods, rapid microwave heating is progressively replacing conventional techniques. Due to the specific heat transport caused by microwaves, the drying process can significantly modify soil structure, which, in turn, can influence mechanical and filtration characteristics. In this study, we compared structural changes of exemplary non-cohesive (medium quartz sand (MSa)) and cohesive soil (silty clay mainly composed of kaolinite (siCl)). The sample materials were subjected to three different drying methods: air-drying, conventional oven (CO) drying, and microwave oven (MO) drying (MO). Soil structure was studied using X-ray microtomography (XµCT) and described in detail by image analysis methods. The study showed that the analyzed types of heating had a negligible effect on the structure of the sands, but a significant impact in the case of silty clay. Such a phenomenon is discussed and explained in this paper. The study advances the testing of soils microwave drying in a geotechnical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wejrzanowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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Borovinsek M, Koudelka P, Sleichrt J, Vopalensky M, Kumpova I, Vesenjak M, Kytyr D. Analysis of Advanced Pore Morphology (APM) Foam Elements Using Compressive Testing and Time-Lapse Computed Microtomography. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5897. [PMID: 34640294 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced pore morphology (APM) foam elements are almost spherical foam elements with a solid outer shell and a porous internal structure mainly used in applications with compressive loading. To determine how the deformation of the internal structure and its changes during compression are related to its mechanical response, in-situ time-resolved X-ray computed microtomography experiments were performed, where the APM foam elements were 3D scanned during a loading procedure. Simultaneously applying mechanical loading and radiographical imaging enabled new insights into the deformation behaviour of the APM foam samples when the mechanical response was correlated with the internal deformation of the samples. It was found that the highest stiffness of the APM elements is reached before the appearance of the first shear band. After this point, the stiffness of the APM element reduces up to the point of the first self-contact between the internal pore walls, increasing the sample stiffness towards the densification region.
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Bohn JC, Chaiben CL, de Souza SS, Rumbelsperger AMB, Fernandes Â, Machado MÂN, da Silva TG, de Lima AAS. Conformational and constitutional analysis of dental caries following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:389-399. [PMID: 34277092 PMCID: PMC8281910 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of dental caries related to ionizing radiation (DCIR), an aggressive and progressive disease that affects dental hard tissues. Materials and methods Eight human teeth with DCIR were paired with sixteen control teeth (8 teeth with conventional caries and 8 without caries) and included in this study. An analysis of the morphology of the lesions was performed using the following techniques: periapical radiography, cone beam computed tomography, computed microtomography, and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition was assessed using X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. Results There was more demineralization in DCIR lesions when compared to conventional dental caries, even though there was no cavitation in the cervical region of the teeth. The superficial roughness and topography of DCIR lesions were similar to those of healthy teeth. On the other hand, lesions of conventional dental caries showed greater surface and topographic irregularity when compared to DCIR and healthy teeth (p = 0.001). Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels were lower in DCIR lesions when compared to controls. However, higher levels of carbon (C) have been observed in DCIR lesions. There was a greater loss of the mineral matrix in DCIR followed by conventional caries. The reduction in the mineral matrix (Ca and P) was compatible with the imaging patterns observed in teeth with DCIR and conventional caries. Conclusion Despite their rapid evolution, DCIR presents an irregular, apparently intact surface with significant changes in the amount of Ca, P, and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joslei Carlos Bohn
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Lima Chaiben
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ângela Fernandes
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Orzechowska S, Świsłocka R, Lewandowski W. Model of Pathological Collagen Mineralization Based on Spine Ligament Calcification. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092130. [PMID: 32375359 PMCID: PMC7254246 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the time of mineral growth in human spine ligaments using a mathematical model. The study was based on our previous research in which the physicochemical analysis and computed microtomography measurements of deposits in ligamenta flava were performed. Hydroxyapatite-like mineral (HAP) constituted the mineral phase in ligament samples, in two samples calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) was confirmed. The micro-damage of collagen fibrils in the soft tissue is the crystallization center. The growth of the mineral nucleus is a result of the calcium ions deposition on the nucleus surface. Considering the calcium ions, the main component of HAP, it is possible to describe the grain growth using a diffusion model. The model calculations showed that the growth time of CPPD grains was ca. a month to 6 years, and for HAP grains >4 years for the young and >5.5 years for the elderly patients. The growth time of minerals with a radius >400 μm was relatively short and impossible to identify by medical imaging techniques. The change of growth rate was the largest for HAP deposits. The mineral growth time can provide valuable information for understanding the calcification mechanism, may be helpful in future experiments, as well as useful in estimating the time of calcification appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Orzechowska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (W.L.)
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (W.L.)
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Wenz MD, Jacobsen SD, Zhang D, Regier M, Bausch HJ, Dera PK, Rivers M, Eng P, Shirey SB, Pearson DG. Fast identification of mineral inclusions in diamond at GSECARS using synchrotron X-ray microtomography, radiography and diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1763-1768. [PMID: 31490168 PMCID: PMC6730627 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mineral inclusions in natural diamond are widely studied for the insight that they provide into the geochemistry and dynamics of the Earth's interior. A major challenge in achieving thorough yet high rates of analysis of mineral inclusions in diamond derives from the micrometre-scale of most inclusions, often requiring synchrotron radiation sources for diffraction. Centering microinclusions for diffraction with a highly focused synchrotron beam cannot be achieved optically because of the very high index of refraction of diamond. A fast, high-throughput method for identification of micromineral inclusions in diamond has been developed at the GeoSoilEnviro Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (GSECARS), Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA. Diamonds and their inclusions are imaged using synchrotron 3D computed X-ray microtomography on beamline 13-BM-D of GSECARS. The location of every inclusion is then pinpointed onto the coordinate system of the six-circle goniometer of the single-crystal diffractometer on beamline 13-BM-C. Because the bending magnet branch 13-BM is divided and delivered into 13-BM-C and 13-BM-D stations simultaneously, numerous diamonds can be examined during coordinated runs. The fast, high-throughput capability of the methodology is demonstrated by collecting 3D diffraction data on 53 diamond inclusions from Juína, Brazil, within a total of about 72 h of beam time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Wenz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Steven D. Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dongzhou Zhang
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Margo Regier
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, USA
| | - Hannah J. Bausch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Przemyslaw K. Dera
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mark Rivers
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven B. Shirey
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015, USA
| | - D. Graham Pearson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, USA
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