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Gilmore AK, Walsh K, Frazier P, Meredith L, Ledray L, Davis J, Acierno R, Ruggiero KJ, Kilpatrick DG, Jaffe AE, Resnick HS. Post-Sexual Assault Mental Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Video-Based Intervention. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:10614-10637. [PMID: 31709903 PMCID: PMC7232869 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519884674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the efficacy of a brief video intervention (Prevention of Post-Rape Stress [PPRS]) delivered in the emergency department to recent sexual assault (SA) victims. PPRS was compared to treatment as usual (TAU) and an active control condition (Pleasant Imagery and Relaxation Instruction [PIRI]). Primary outcomes were posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and perceived present control. Prior SA was examined as a moderator of treatment effects. Women (n = 233; aged 15 years and older; 59.70% identified as a racial or ethnic minority) who received a post-SA medical forensic exam participated in the study (NCT01430624). Participants were randomized to watch the PPRS video (n = 77), the PIRI video (n = 77), or receive TAU (n = 79). Participants completed measures of PTSD symptoms and perceived present control 1.5-, 3-, and 6-months post-SA. An interaction between condition and prior SA was found on PTSD symptom frequency and on perceived present control. Among women with a prior SA, women in the PPRS versus TAU condition reported less frequent PTSD symptoms 6-months post-SA. Those in the PPRS condition had lower perceived present control than those in the TAU condition among those with no prior SA 3-months post-SA. However, at 6-months post-SA, among women with a prior SA, women in the PPRS reported higher perceived present control than those in TAU. These findings partially replicate a prior study in which PPRS was found to be beneficial in mitigating the development of PTSD symptoms, but only for women with a prior SA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda Ledray
- SANE-SART Resource Service, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Ron Acierno
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Mundy LK, Canterford L, Moreno-Betancur M, Hoq M, Sawyer SM, Allen NB, Patton GC. Social networking and symptoms of depression and anxiety in early adolescence. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:563-570. [PMID: 33225486 DOI: 10.1002/da.23117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of social networking in later childhood and adolescence has risen quickly. The consequences of these changes for mental health are debated but require further empirical evaluation. METHODS Using data from the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study (n = 1,156), duration of social networking use was measured annually at four time points from 11.9 to 14.8 years of age (≥1 h/day indicating high use). Cross-sectional and prospective relationships between social networking use and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined. RESULTS In adjusted (age, socioeconomic status, prior mental health history) cross-sectional analyses, females with high social networking use had greater odds of depressive (odds ratio [OR]: 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-2.91) and anxiety symptoms (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.32-3.00) than those that used a few minutes at most, while males with high social networking use had 1.60 greater odds of reporting depressive symptoms (95% CI: 1.09-2.35). For females, an increased odds of depressive symptoms at age 14.8 was observed for high social networking use at one previous wave and at two or three previous waves, even after adjustment (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.78; OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.27-3.37, respectively) compared to no wave of high use. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest weak to moderate increased odds of depression and anxiety in girls and boys with high social networking use versus low/normal use. These findings indicate that prevention programs for early mental health problems might benefit from targeting social networking use in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Mundy
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Canterford
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monsurul Hoq
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Primack BA, Bisbey MA, Shensa A, Bowman ND, Karim SA, Knight JM, Sidani JE. The association between valence of social media experiences and depressive symptoms. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:784-794. [PMID: 29877002 DOI: 10.1002/da.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media (SM) may confer emotional benefits via connection with others. However, epidemiologic studies suggest that overall SM is paradoxically associated with increased depressive symptoms. To better understand these findings, we examined the association between positive and negative experiences on SM and depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,179 full-time students at the University of West Virginia, aged 18 to 30, in August 2016. Independent variables were self-reported positive and negative experiences on SM. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms as measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between SM experiences and depressive symptoms controlling for sociodemographic factors including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, relationship status, and living situation. RESULTS Of the 1,179 participants, 62% were female, 28% were non-White, and 51% were single. After controlling for covariates, each 10% increase in positive experiences on SM was associated with a 4% decrease in odds of depressive symptoms, but this was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91-1.002). However, each 10% increase in negative experiences was associated with a 20% increase in odds of depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11-1.31). When both independent variables were included in the same model, the association between negative experiences and depressive symptoms remained significant (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.10-1.30). CONCLUSIONS Negative experiences online may have higher potency than positive ones because of negativity bias. Future research should examine temporality to determine if it is also possible that individuals with depressive symptomatology are inclined toward negative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University Honors College, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meghan A Bisbey
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Bowman
- Department of Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sabrina A Karim
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Knight
- Department of Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kleiman EM, Turner BJ, Fedor S, Beale EE, Picard RW, Huffman JC, Nock MK. Digital phenotyping of suicidal thoughts. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:601-608. [PMID: 29637663 DOI: 10.1002/da.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether there are subtypes of suicidal thinking using real-time digital monitoring, which allows for the measurement of such thoughts with greater temporal granularity than ever before possible. METHODS We used smartphone-based real-time monitoring to assess suicidal thoughts four times per day in two samples: Adults who attempted suicide in the past year recruited from online forums (n = 51 participants with a total of 2,889 responses, surveyed over 28 days; ages ranged from 18 to 38 years) and psychiatric inpatients with recent suicidal ideation or attempts (n = 32 participants with a total of 640 responses, surveyed over the duration of inpatient treatment [mean stay = 8.79 days], ages ranged 23-68 years). Latent profile analyses were used to identify distinct phenotypes of suicidal thinking based on the frequency, intensity, and variability of such thoughts. RESULTS Across both samples, five distinct phenotypes of suicidal thinking emerged that differed primarily on the intensity and variability of suicidal thoughts. Participants whose profile was characterized by more severe, persistent suicidal thoughts (i.e., higher mean and lower variability around the mean) were most likely to have made a recent suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal thinking has historically been studied as a homogeneous construct, but using newly available monitoring technology we discovered five profiles of suicidal thinking. Key questions for future research include how these phenotypes prospectively relate to future suicidal behaviors, and whether they represent remain stable or trait-like over longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brianna J Turner
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Szymon Fedor
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleanor E Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind W Picard
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cambridge Computational Clinical Psychology Organization (C3PO), Cambridge, MA, USA
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Miguel EM, Chou T, Golik A, Cornacchio D, Sanchez AL, DeSerisy M, Comer JS. Examining the scope and patterns of deliberate self-injurious cutting content in popular social media. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:786-793. [PMID: 28661053 DOI: 10.1002/da.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking services (SNS) have rapidly become a central platform for adolescents' social interactions and media consumption patterns. The present study examined a representative sample of publicly accessible content related to deliberate self-injurious cutting across three SNS platforms: Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. METHODS Data collection simulated searches for publicly available deliberate self-injury content on Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. Over a six-month period at randomly generated time points, data were obtained by searching "#cutting" on each SNS platform and collecting the first 10 posts generated. Independent evaluators coded posts for presence of the following: (a) graphic content, (b) negative self-evaluations, (c) references to mental health terms, (d) discouragement of deliberate self-injury, and (e) recovery-oriented resources. Differences across platforms were examined. RESULTS Data collection yielded a sample of 1,155 public posts (770 of which were related to mental health). Roughly 60% of sampled posts depicted graphic content, almost half included negative self-evaluations, only 9.5% discouraged self-injury, and <1% included formal recovery resources. Instagram posts displayed the greatest proportion of graphic content and negative self-evaluations, whereas Twitter exhibited the smallest proportion of each. CONCLUSIONS Findings characterize the graphic nature of online SNS deliberate self-injury content and the relative absence of SNS-posted resources for populations seeking out deliberate self-injurious cutting content. Mental health professionals must recognize the rapidly changing landscape of adolescent media consumption, influences, and social interaction as they may pertain to self-harm patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Miguel
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tommy Chou
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Golik
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Cornacchio
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L Sanchez
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariah DeSerisy
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient decision aids are one possibility for enabling and encouraging patients to participate in medical decisions. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to describe patients' information and decision-making needs as a prerequisite for the development of high-quality, web-based patient decision aids for affective disorders. DESIGN We conducted an online cross-sectional survey by using a self-administered questionnaire including items on Internet use, online health information needs, role in decision making, and important treatment decisions, performing descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. PARTICIPANTS A total of 210 people with bipolar disorder/mania as well as 112 people with unipolar depression participated in the survey. RESULTS Both groups specified general information search as their most relevant information need and decisions on treatment setting (inpatient or outpatient) as well as decisions on pharmacological treatment as the most difficult treatment decisions. For participants with unipolar depression, decisions concerning psychotherapeutic treatment were also especially difficult. Most participants of both groups preferred shared decisions but experienced less shared decisions than desired. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results show the importance of information for patients with affective disorders, with a focus on pharmacological treatment and on the different treatment settings, and highlight patients' requirements to be involved in the decision-making process. Since our sample reported a chronic course of disease, we do not know if our results are applicable for newly diagnosed patients. Further studies should consider how the reported needs could be addressed in health care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Liebherz
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Sarah Liebherz, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, W26, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany, Tel +49 40 7410 57969, Fax +49 40 7410 54940, Email
| | - Lisa Tlach
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Dirmaier
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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