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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Taw MJ, Sharma A, Rajbongshi G, Chamuah K, Henbi N, Barman RK, Chingtham S, Brahma D, Sarmah K, Baruah P, Nath K, Choudhury PD, Mazumder D, Sarmah A, Sharma A, Hazarika B, Choudhury MK, Baishya AC. Understanding the Demographic, Clinical, and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Profiles of COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeast India. Cureus 2023; 15:e35426. [PMID: 36860823 PMCID: PMC9970726 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims The demographic and clinical profile and dynamics of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are not well understood. The study aimed to analyze the demographic, clinical, and RT-PCR profiles of COVID-19 patients. Methodology The study was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a COVID-19 care facility, and the study period was from April 2020 to March 2021. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were enrolled in the study. Patients with incomplete details or with only single PCR tests were excluded. Demographic and clinical details and the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR collected at different time points were retrieved from the records. The statistical software Minitab version 17.1.0 package (Minitab, LLC, State College, PA, USA) and Rstudio version 1.3.959 (Rstudio, Boston, MA, USA) were used for the statistical analysis. Results The mean duration from symptom onset to the last positive RT-PCR was 14.2 ± 4.2 days. The proportions of positive RT-PCR tests were 100%, 40.6%, 7.5%, and 0% at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of illness. The median duration of days to first negative RT-PCR in the asymptomatic patients was 8 ± 4 days, and 88.2% of asymptomatic patients were RT-PCR-negative within 14 days. A total of 16 symptomatic patients had prolonged positive test results even after three weeks of symptom onset. Older patients were associated with prolonged RT-PCR positivity. Conclusion This study revealed that the average period of RT-PCR positivity from the onset of symptoms is >2 weeks in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Prolonged observation in the elderly population and repeat RT-PCR before discharge or discontinuation of quarantine is required.
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Rajput S, Parashar R, Sharma JP, Raghuwanshi P, Pakhare AP, Joshi R, Hulke S. Assessment of Pulmonary Functions and Dysfunctions in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e35081. [PMID: 36945284 PMCID: PMC10024785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus causes microvascular complications in the eyes and kidneys as well as the nervous system, among other parts of the body. Lungs are a potential target organ for diabetic microvascular complications and remain the least researched among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether there is any difference in pulmonary functions in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without. Methodology A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 participants each with and without type II diabetes mellitus. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of FVC in percentage (FEV1%), peak expiratory flow rate in L/second (PEFR), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 25% of FVC (FEF25%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 50% of FVC (FEF50%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 75% of FVC (FEF75%), forced expiratory flow rate during 25-75% of expiration (FEF25-75%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), of both groups were analyzed using the NDD Large True Flow (Easy One) spirometer (NDD Meditechnik AG., Switzerland). A fully automated chemistry analyzer and linear chromatography were used for glycemic control measurements. Results All pulmonary function test parameter values were lower in participants with diabetes mellitus compared to those without, except FEV1% and PEFR, which indicates a mixed pattern of lung dysfunction. FVC had a significant negative correlation with the duration of diabetes (r = -0.299, p = 0.034). Conclusions Type II diabetes mellitus patients had significant dysfunction in pulmonary functions with early involvement of restrictive parameters which can be monitored/diagnosed by regularly following up patients by measuring pulmonary functions, and, hence, can be taken care of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Rachna Parashar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Jai Prakash Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Pragati Raghuwanshi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Abhijit P Pakhare
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Rajnish Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sandip Hulke
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
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Uddin T, Ahmed B, Shoma FK. Relations between indoor rehabilitation and basic health services in a developing country. Front Rehabil Sci 2023; 4:1001084. [PMID: 36761089 PMCID: PMC9905241 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Introduction: Physical rehabilitation is vital for patients to regain maximum function. Approximately 80% of people with a disability live in developing countries, where they face multiple challenges in rehabilitation. The goal of the study was to conduct an analysis of indoor rehabilitation programs based on the demographics and medical conditions of the admitted patients and to relate to the available basic health and rehabilitation facilities. Methods This was a mixed method study conducted in an inpatient rehabilitation ward of a tertiary level academic university hospital in a developing country. All admitted patients who stayed for a period of minimum two weeks were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by means of a retrospective medical record review utilizing a standardized data extraction form. The study was further strengthened by an online literature search for the available documents for analysis, relation, and discussion. Results Among the 1,309 admitted patients was male- female ratio was 10:7, with the majority (31.4%) cases falling between the ages of 46 and 60yrs. Rehabilitation outpatient department was the principal mode of admission (78%), and musculoskeletal and neurological conditions represented the maximum number (79.8%). Majority of patients (60.8%) were discharged home on completion of the rehabilitation program with a large number of patients who were absconded. Poor health budget allocation and lack of prioritization of the rehabilitation sector face multiple challenges, including the rehabilitation team functioning resources, space crisis for expansion which was further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The country's current health-related rehabilitation process and socio-demographic variables have a negative relationship. There was a large number of missing data in the medical records and many patients were lost prematurely from the indoor rehabilitation program. Musculoskeletal disorders were common, and the majority of patients were discharged home once the program was completed.
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Mpaka-Mbatha MN, Naidoo P, Islam MM, Singh R, Mkhize-Kwitshana ZL. Demographic profile of HIV and helminth-coinfected adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 38:466. [PMID: 36756244 PMCID: PMC9900356 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v38i1.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helminth and HIV infections are endemic among poor populations. Studies investigating the socio-demographic and economic risk factors associated with dual HIV and helminth coinfection are scarce. Objectives This study aimed to describe risk factors associated with HIV and helminth coinfections among peri-urban South African adults residing in poorly developed areas with high poverty levels, lack of sanitation and a clean water supply. Method Adult participants (n = 414) were recruited from clinics in the south of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants' demographic, socio-economic, sanitation and household information, anthropometric measurements and HIV status were collected. Stool samples were donated for coproscopy to detect helminths using the Kato-Katz and Mini Parasep techniques. Blood was collected to confirm participants' HIV status and to determine Ascaris lumbricoides-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels to improve microscopy sensitivity. Results Overall coinfection was 15%, and single helminth and HIV prevalence were 33% and 52%, respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was predominant (18%). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that coinfection was 11.9% and 19.8%, respectively, among the 18-34 years and 35-59 years age groups (p = 0.0006), 16.4% and 19.9%, respectively, for the no income and < R1000.00 groups (p = 0.0358) and 22.8% and 17.1%, respectively, for the pit or public toilets and toilets not connected to sewage groups (p = 0.0007). Conclusion Findings suggest that the dual infection with HIV and helminth infections among adults residing in under-resourced areas with poor sanitary conditions is frequent. Older age, poor toilet use and low income are associated with coinfection. More attention is required to break the cycle of coinfections and possible disease interactions. Contribution The study highlights the importance of determining and treating helminth infections among adult population during HIV and helminth coinfection and the influence of poor sanitation and socioeconomic status on disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda N. Mpaka-Mbatha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, Durban, South Africa,Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Division of Research Capacity Development, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ravesh Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zilungile L. Mkhize-Kwitshana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Division of Research Capacity Development, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
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Raman K, Kumar D, Kumar A, Saxena KN, Kohli A, Wadhawan S. Correlation of Patient Profiles and Biomarkers with Outcomes in Covid-19 Icu Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2021; 28:71-9. [PMID: 36844114 DOI: 10.2478/rjaic-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a novel disease with a highly variable and unpredictable clinical course. Various clinicodemographic factors and numerous biomarkers have been identified in studies from the West and marked as possible predictors of severe illness and mortality which may be used to triage patients for early aggressive care. This triaging becomes even more significant in resource-limited critical care settings of the Indian subcontinent. Methods This retrospective observational study recruited 99 cases of COVID-19 admitted to intensive care from 1 May to 1 August 2020. Demographic, clinical and baseline laboratory data were collected and analysed for association with clinical outcomes, including survival and need for mechanical ventilatory support. Results Male gender (p=0.044) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.042) were associated with increased mortality. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed Interleukin-6 (IL6) (p=0.024), D-dimer (p=0.025) and CRP (p<0.001) as significant predictors of need of ventilatory support and IL6 (p=0.036), CRP (p=0.041), D-dimer (p=0.006) and PaO2FiO2 ratio (p=0.019) as significant predictors of mortality. CRP >40 mg/L predicted mortality with sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 88.9% (AUC 0.933) and IL6> 32.5 pg/ml with a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 70.4% (AUC 0.821). Conclusion Our results suggest that a baseline CRP >40 mg/L, IL6 >32.5 pg/ml or D-dimer >810 ng/ml are early accurate predictors of severe illness and adverse outcomes and may be used to triage patients for early intensive care.
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Marty L, Diawara Y, Rachas A, Grabar S, Costagliola D, Supervie V. Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France. J Int AIDS Soc 2022; 25 Suppl 4:e25986. [PMID: 36176023 PMCID: PMC9523002 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thanks to antiretroviral treatment (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are living longer and ageing. However, ageing involves increased risks of co‐morbidities, which also depend on when PLHIV individuals started ART. To tackle the HIV age‐related upcoming challenges, knowledge of the current and future age structure of the HIV population is needed. Here, we forecast the demographic profile of the adult population living with diagnosed HIV (aPLdHIV) in France until 2030, accounting for the impact of the ART initiation period on mortality. Methods We used national data from the French Hospital Database on HIV (ANRS CO4‐FHDH) and a sample of the National Health Data System to, first, characterize the aPLdHIV in 2018 and estimate their mortality rates according to age, sex and ART initiation period. Second, we used national HIV surveillance data to define three scenarios for the numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases over 2019–2030: 30% decrease in HIV cases (S1), status quo situation (S2) and epidemic elimination (S3). We then combined these data using a matrix model, to project the age structure of aPLdHIV and time since ART initiation. Results In 2018, there was an estimated 161,125 aPLdHIV (33% women), of which 55% were aged 50 or older (50+), 22% aged 60+ and 8% aged 70+. In 2030, the aPLdHIV would grow to 195,246 for S1, 207,972 for S2 and 167,221 for S3. Whatever the scenario, in 2030, the estimated median time since ART initiation would increase and age distribution would shift towards older ages: with 65–72% aPLdHIV aged 50+, 42–48% 60+ and 17–19% 70+. This corresponds to ∼83,400 aPLdHIV (28% women) aged 60+, among which ∼69% started ART more than 20 years ago (i.e. before 2010) and ∼39% ≥30 years ago (i.e. before 2000), and to ∼33,100 aPLdHIV (27% women) aged 70+, among which ∼72% started ART ≥20 years ago and ∼43% ≥30 years ago. Conclusions By 2030, in France, close to 20% of the aPLdHIV will be aged 70+, of which >40% would have started ART more than 30 years ago. These estimates are essential to adapt co‐morbidities screening and anticipate resource provision in the aged care sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Marty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Yakhara Diawara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Rachas
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Etudes et des Statistiques, CNAM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Grabar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Supervie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
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Kalideen L, Van Wyk JM, Govender P. Demographic and clinical profiles of residents in long-term care facilities in South Africa: A cross-sectional survey. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e9. [PMID: 35384684 PMCID: PMC8991088 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The demand for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) amongst older people in South Africa (SA) is growing and there is insufficient information on the profile and healthcare needs of this population. Aim This study was conducted to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of residents in LTFCs in SA. Setting Three LTCFs in eThekwini district. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 102 (N = 204) residents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed descriptively and inferentially using R version 3.5.1 software. Results The majority of the residents (59.8%) were between 65 and 80 years (78.9 ± 8.1 years) and 74.5% were women. The residents were white people (91.1%), SA born (82.4%) and widowed (54.9%). English was the primary language (91.1%), with the majority being christian (52.0%). Some residents had a university education, were previously employed and are financially independent. Ninety-three percent had clinical conditions, each suffering from at least three clinical conditions. Hypertension (63.7%), high cholesterol (53.9%), arthritis (38.2%), depression (37.3%) were the most prevalent clinical conditions recorded amongst the residents. Most residents were assessed to be intermediately frail, at risk of malnutrition and had mild depression as based on the respective mean frailty-, nutrition-, and geriatric depression scores. Conc lusion Residents in LTCFs in the eThekwini district are more likely to be white people; women, christian, widowed, intermediately frail and at risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letasha Kalideen
- School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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Akutsu RDC, Rocha A, Viana V, Akutsu L, Silva IC, Botelho RBA, Han H, Raposo A, Ariza-Montes A, Araya-Castillo L, Zandonadi RP. Well-Being at Work: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Portuguese Nutritionists. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7839. [PMID: 34360131 PMCID: PMC8345680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory, nationwide cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the well-being of Portuguese nutritionists, in addition to outlining their professional and demographic profile. Descriptive analyses were carried out to determine the measures relating to centralising tendency and dispersion of the sample. We compared means and proportions through t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The sample size was 206 individuals, respecting a minimum of eight respondents per item to validate the instrument. We recruited Nutritionists from Portugal nationwide using the list of electronic mail provided by the Order of Nutritionists. We sent an electronic mail to all the Nutritionists registered in this Order. We also used messaging applications and social networks (Instagram, Facebook) to reach Nutritionists who were not accessing electronic mail. Most respondents are women (92.5%), young (mean age = 31.4 ± 8.07 years; 54.2% of participants aging under 30 years), single, and with no children. More than half are Catholic (73.8%) and have less than ten years of nutritionist undergraduate completion (55.4%). The only variable that influences well-being at work is the economic variable Household Monthly Income. Those who earn less than €500.00 per month perceive themselves at a lesser state of work well-being than those who earn from €2501.00 to €5000.00 per month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Akutsu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.d.C.A.); (R.B.A.B.); (R.P.Z.)
| | - Ada Rocha
- GreenUPorto, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Victor Viana
- GreenUPorto, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Luiz Akutsu
- Court Union Accounts, Brasília 70042-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.d.C.A.); (R.B.A.B.); (R.P.Z.)
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Ariza-Montes
- Social Matters Research Group, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, C/Escritor Castilla Aguayo, 4, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Faculty of Business Administration, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Luis Araya-Castillo
- Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.d.C.A.); (R.B.A.B.); (R.P.Z.)
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Alqudah N, Jammal H, Khader Y, Al-dolat W, Alshamarti S, Shannak Z. Characteristics of Keratoconus Patients in Jordan: Hospital-Based Population. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:881-887. [PMID: 33688155 PMCID: PMC7935342 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s298400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the demographic, clinical and topographic characteristics of keratoconus patients in Jordan. METHODS A retrospective study which was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital, Northern Jordan. The patients who visited our outpatient clinic from March 2015 to September 2020 and had a definite diagnosis of keratoconus were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, family history, past ocular history, ophthalmic examination, and topographic parameters, were collected and analysed. Keratoconus severity was classified according to K mean readings. RESULTS A total of 234 patients with keratoconus were evaluated in this study. The majority of patients (73, 31.2%) were between the ages of 20 and 24. Allergic conjunctivitis was the most frequent past ocular history. Fifty-five patients (23.5%) had a family history of keratoconus. Regarding severity, most of the eyes were mild (63.3%), followed by moderate (24.7%), and then severe (11.9%). The severity of keratoconus was significantly associated with gender (p<0.001). No correlation was found between family history and severity. CONCLUSION Most of the Keratoconus patients were young, with a mean age of 25.9 years. The majority were mild in severity, with more females presented in the severe stage. The study reported high rate of family history (23.5%) in comparison to similar studies. Therefore, screening of family members of Keratoconus patients is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Alqudah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hisham Jammal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wedad Al-dolat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Alshamarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaki Shannak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe trends in ages and causes of death in a remote-living Australian Aboriginal group over a recent 50-year period. DESIGN A retrospective observational study, from 1960 to 2010, of deaths and people starting dialysis, using data from local clinic, parish, dialysis and birthweight registers. SETTING A remote island community in the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory, where a Catholic mission was established in 1911. The estimated Aboriginal population was about 800 in 1960 and 2260 in 2011. PARTICIPANTS All Aboriginal residents of this community whose deaths had been recorded. OUTCOME MEASURES Annual frequencies and rates of terminal events (deaths and dialysis starts) by age group and cause of death. RESULTS Against a background of high rates of low birth weight, 223 deaths in infants and children and 934 deaths in adults (age > 15 years) were recorded; 88% were of natural causes. Most deaths in the 1960s were in infants and children. However, over time these fell dramatically, across the birthweight spectrum, while adult deaths progressively increased. The leading causes of adult natural deaths were chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease and, more recently, renal failure, and rates were increased twofold in those of low birth weight. However, rates of natural adult deaths have been falling briskly since 1986, most markedly among people of age ≥45 years. The population is increasing and its age structure is maturing. CONCLUSIONS The changes in death profiles, the expression of the Barker hypothesis and the ongoing increases in adult life expectancy reflect epidemiological and health transitions of astonishing rapidity. These probably flow from advances in public health policy and healthcare delivery, as well as improved inter-sectoral services, which are all to be celebrated. Other remote communities in Australia are experiencing the same phenomena, and similar events are well advanced in many developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Hoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Chronic Disease, UQCCR, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan Anne Mott
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Chronic Disease, UQCCR, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Beverly June McLeod
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Chronic Disease, UQCCR, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
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Abstract
Aim of the study is to find out demographic profile, clinical characteristics and analysis of poison in clinical set up. The study carried out in Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Total 75 cases of poisoning were studied for demographic profile, vitals (BP, pulse, heart rate, pupils, etc.), clinical features (such as vomiting, salivation, consciousness, etc.), type of poison and its analysis. Results: Poisoning was more common in cases between 15 and 25 years of age, in males than in females and in Hindu religion. Poisoning cases were predominantly from rural areas and in married people. Majority of cases were discharged after proper treatment and counseling. Altered vitals and clinical features were found in most of the cases. Organophosphate and aluminum phosphide compound were evaluated in most of the cases. Conclusions: Preventive measures should be applied through educating people, proper counseling, promoting poison information centers, and introducing separate toxicological units in hospitals.
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da Silva LP, Serpa MS, da Silva LAB, Sobral APV. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma radiographically mimicking an odontogenic tumor: A case report and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:518-522. [PMID: 27721620 PMCID: PMC5051303 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.190957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMC) of the jaw bones is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor of unknown pathogenesis, comprising about 4% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs). Most cases are histologically classified as a low-grade tumor and radiographically appear as a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion. Block resection or wide local excisions are the treatment of choice and patients usually show a good overall prognosis although a long-term follow-up is necessary. This report describes a case of a 28-year-old male with MEC in the posterior region of the mandible and discusses its clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings. Although rare, CMC may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of proliferative and osteolytic lesions in the oral cavity even when its clinical and/or radiographic findings do not suggest malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
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Ibebuike K, Ouma J. Demographic profile of patients diagnosed with intracranial meningiomas in two academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa: a 12-month prospective study. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:939-45. [PMID: 25834505 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are common brain tumours and display gender, racial and ethnic differences in their demographic profile. The demographic profile of our patients diagnosed with intracranial meningiomas is presented and compared with the literature. OBJECTIVES To determine the age, gender, racial and ethnic distribution of our patients diagnosed with intracranial meningiomas. METHODS Consecutive patients (48 in number) seen at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Johannesburg, with histologically proven meningiomas over a 12 month period were recruited for the study. RESULTS Meningiomas accounted for 33.8% of all primary brain tumours. The mean age of patients was 45.7 ± 10.5 years with a female-to-male ratio of 3.8:1. The mean age for male patients was 39.3 ± 13.5 years while that of female patients was 47.4 ± 9.0 years. The peak age range at presentation was in the fifth (41.7%) decade. The highest frequency was among Black Africans (75%) and Sotho ethnic nationality (27.1%). CONCLUSION The study showed a female preponderance for intracranial meningiomas among our patients. Although intracranial meningiomas were more in frequency among Black Africans, the racial distribution mirrored our population distribution while the highest frequency was among Sotho ethnic nationality.
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Ali NH, Zainun KA, Bahar N, Haniff J, Hamid AM, Bujang MAH, Mahmood MS. Pattern of suicides in 2009: data from the National Suicide Registry Malaysia. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2014; 6:217-25. [PMID: 23857761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Suicide Registry Malaysia (NSRM) is a nationwide system that captures data on completed suicides in Malaysia from all forensic departments under the purview of the Ministry of Health Malaysia. METHODS This paper examines all suicidal deaths reported to the NSRM from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009. The relevant variables were recorded in the paper-based Case Report Form (CRF) and then entered into the online reporting system for analysis. RESULTS The overall suicide rate for 2009 was 1.18 per 100,000 population (n = 328). The age range was 14-94 years, with a median of 37 (IQR 24) years. There were more men than women, the gender ratio being 2.9:1 (males : females), and the majority (89% or 293/328) were Malaysian citizens. Ethnicity-wise, Indians had the highest suicide rate of 3.67 per 100,000. The Malays and Bumiputera of Sabah and Sarawak had lower rates of 0.32 to 0.37 per 100,000. Mental illness was reported in 22% (72/328) of the cases and physical illnesses in 20.4% (67/328). Previous suicide attempts were reported in 15.5% (51/328) of cases. History of substance abuse was present in 28.7% (83/328). Life events were positive in 41.2% (135/328) of cases. DISCUSSION Malaysia is able to generate statistics on suicide by enhancing the collaboration between forensic, psychiatry and clinical research agencies. These trends should be monitored to gain a better understanding of suicide trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ali
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
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Saha A, Ghosh SK, Roy C, Choudhury KB, Chakrabarty B, Sarkar R. Demographic and clinical profile of patients with brain metastases: A retrospective study. Asian J Neurosurg 2014; 8:157-61. [PMID: 24403959 PMCID: PMC3877503 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Brain metastases are the most common type of intracranial neoplasm, with the total number outnumbering primary brain tumors by a ratio of 10:1 and occur in about 25% of cancer patients. However, controversies exist regarding demographic and clinical profile of brain metastases. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively the demographic and clinical profile of patients with brain metastases. Settings and Design: Retrospective, single institutional study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 72 patients with brain metastasis was carried out from November 2010 to October 2012. The data pertaining to these patients was entered in a standardized case record form. These include History; clinical examination and other investigations including computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain. Statistical Analysis: A statistical analysis was performed on the data collected using the MedCalc version 11. Results: Brain metastases were more common in male and occur in 6th decade of life mostly. There was no relationship of occupation or socio-economic status with the incidence of brain metastases. Carcinoma lung was the most common primary giving rise to brain metastases followed by breast. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most common histology of the primary that give rise to metastases. Multiple metastases were more common than the single group. Supratentorial lesions were more common than infratentorial lesions. Among them, parietal lobe was the most common site of involvement. Conclusions: The present study highlights that the incidence of brain metastasis is common in elderly population and mostly due to primary lung. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology of primary. Majority of lesions has been observed at parietal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Saha
- Department of Radiotherapy, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Radiotherapy, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhaya Roy
- Department of Radiotherapy, R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Ratan Sarkar
- Department of Radiotherapy, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pathak OK, Paudel R, Panta OB, Pant HP, Giri BR, Adhikari B. Retrospective study of the clinical profile and prognostic indicators in patients of alcoholic liver disease admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western Nepal. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:171-5. [PMID: 19636178 PMCID: PMC2841416 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.54746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Alcohol is the most common substance abused in Nepal. Liver disease caused by alcohol abuse, including its end stage, cirrhosis, is a major health care problem, which is difficult to treat. OBJECTIVES To study the demographic profile, laboratory parameters, complications and their prognostic implications among patients of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of all patients of ALD admitted from January1 , 2005 to December 31 , 2006 were studied and followed up to December 31, 2007. A total of 181 patients were analyzed. Their clinical profile and laboratory parameters were noted and analyzed using SPSS-10.0 software. RESULTS Among the 181 patients, 80.7% were male, 30.9% were army/ex-army and 65.2% were documented smokers. The mean age of presentation was 52.08 years. Jaundice (57.5%) was the most common presentation followed by hepatomegaly (51.4%). Hypoalbuminemia (50.3) followed by ascites (48.1) were common complications. Death occurred in 19.1% of the patients, the most common cause being hepatic encephalopathy (72.2%) followed by variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome. Jaundice, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy at presentation and female sex were significantly associated with increased mortality along with discriminant score > 32, aspartate aminotransferase (AST): Alanine aminotranferase (ALT) > or = 2, ultrasonography (USG)-proven cirrhosis, rise in prothrombin time > or =5 s, total bilirubin > or = 4 mg/dL and ESR > or =34. CONCLUSION ALD was predominantly seen among the productive age group with a high morbidity and mortality. Jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy at presentation and female sex are poor prognostic indicators along with discriminant score > 32, AST:ALT > or = 2, USG-proven cirrhosis, coagulopathy, hyperbilirubenemia and high ESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om K. Pathak
- Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal,Address for correspondence: Dr. Om Krishna Pathak, Intern, Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, PO BOX: 341, Pokhara, Nepal. E-mail:
| | - Raju Paudel
- Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Om B. Panta
- Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Hom P. Pant
- Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Bishnu R. Giri
- Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal
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