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Rivera-Gonzalez GC, Klopot A, Sabin K, Baida G, Horsley V, Budunova I. Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Responses 1 Prevents Dermal Adipocyte Differentiation and Is Required for Hair Cycle-Dependent Dermal Adipose Expansion. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1698-1705.e1. [PMID: 32032578 PMCID: PMC7398827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) expansion is associated with important homeostatic and pathologic processes in skin. Even though mTOR/protein kinase B signaling is important for adipogenesis, the role of regulated development of DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1), a negative regulator of mTOR/protein kinase B, is poorly understood. Loss of REDD1 in mice resulted in reduction of body mass, total fat, size of gonadal white adipose tissue, and interscapular brown adipose tissue. Inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue and dWAT in REDD1 knockouts were expanded compared with wild type mice. Size and number of mature adipocytes in dWAT were also increased in adult REDD1 knockouts. This dWAT phenotype was established around postnatal day 18 and did not depend on the hair growth cycle. Numbers of adipocyte precursor cells were lower in REDD1 knockout skin. In vitro analysis revealed increased differentiation of skin-derived REDD1 knockout adipocyte precursor cells as indicated by higher lipid accumulation and increased adipogenic marker expression. 3T3L1 cells overexpressing REDD1 had decreased sensitivity to differentiation. Overall, our findings indicate that REDD1 silencing induced expansion of dWAT through hypertrophy and hyperplasia. This REDD1-dependent mechanism of adipogenesis could be used to preferentially target skin-associated adipose tissue for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo C. Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Current address: Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110
| | - Anna Klopot
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kaitlyn Sabin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Abstract
Adipose tissue depots can exist in close association with other organs, where they assume diverse, often non-traditional functions. In stem cell-rich skin, bone marrow, and mammary glands, adipocytes signal to and modulate organ regeneration and remodeling. Skin adipocytes and their progenitors signal to hair follicles, promoting epithelial stem cell quiescence and activation, respectively. Hair follicles signal back to adipocyte progenitors, inducing their expansion and regeneration, as in skin scars. In mammary glands and heart, adipocytes supply lipids to neighboring cells for nutritional and metabolic functions, respectively. Adipose depots adjacent to skeletal structures function to absorb mechanical shock. Adipose tissue near the surface of skin and intestine senses and responds to bacterial invasion, contributing to the body's innate immune barrier. As the recognition of diverse adipose depot functions increases, novel therapeutic approaches centered on tissue-specific adipocytes are likely to emerge for a range of cancers and regenerative, infectious, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 845 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 845 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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