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Stoian D, Borlea A, Moisa-Luca L, Paul C. Multiparametric ultrasound-based assessment of overt hyperthyroid diffuse thyroid disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1300447. [PMID: 38179308 PMCID: PMC10764279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperthyroidismis a prevalent condition affecting global populations, with an overall prevalence of 1.2%. Our research aimed to establish a systematic diagnostic approach using multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) to diagnose hyperthyroid diffuse thyroid disease (DTD). Methods We conducted a retrospective study from June 2021 to June 2023 at a specialized endocrinology center in Timisoara, Romania, enrolling subjects presenting with clinical hyperthyroidism. Using the Mach 30 Aixplorer ultrasound equipment, evaluations were performed initially in B-mode US, followed by Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler measurements, and finally, 2D Shear wave elastography (SWE). Results From the 218 patients analyzed, the diagnosis of DTD with hyperthyroidism was confirmed through biochemical assessment, subgrouping various pathologies such as subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, painless thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iatrogenic, as well as healthy controls. In the first step, B-mode hypoechogenicity had an AUC of 0.951 for DTD detection. In the second step, the peak systolic velocity differentiated Graves' disease with a median of 42.4 cm/s and an AUC of 1. Lastly, the third step consisted of SWE evaluation, revealing a mean elasticity index in the SAT subgroup significantly higher from other subgroups (p<0.001) with an AUC of 1. Conclusion Our study offers a step-by-step evaluation algorithm for DTD diagnosis, with a very good overall diagnostic performance (AUC of 0.946).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Stoian
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Borlea
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luciana Moisa-Luca
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
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Li L, Zhang A, Chen D, Taragin BH, Luo X. Preliminary study of sound touch elastography in diffuse thyroid disease in children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:964413. [PMID: 36275048 PMCID: PMC9582431 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.964413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of sound touch elastography (STE) in conjunction with conventional ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of diffuse thyroid disease (DTD) and normal thyroid in children. METHODS Studies performed on 62 children with DTD and 30 normal volunteers were reviewed. Standard gray scale ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound and STE of the examinees, and the serum test results of children with DTD were collected, analyzed and compared. RESULTS The STE-Mean values in the Graves' disease (GD) group, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) group, and normal control group, respectively, were 19.35 ± 5.00 kPa, 19.43 ± 6.06 kPa, and 11.24 ± 1.99 kPa. With an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.945, STE-Mean values differentiated DTD from normal children. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the superior thyroid artery separated DTD from normal children and AUC from children with GD and HT, respectively, and was 0.992 and 0.864. The PSV of superior thyroid artery revealed a somewhat favorable connection with FT3 and FT4. CONCLUSION The STE results revealed that thyroid stiffness was higher in children with DTD than in normal children, but further differentiation into GD and HT subgroups lacked specificity, and the superior thyroid artery flow velocity might be a good supplement to distinguish both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Benjamin H Taragin
- Department of Radiology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Xiaoyong Luo
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
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Baek HJ, Ryu KH, An HJ, Kim JP, Jung EJ, Kim DW. Validation of Diagnostic Performance and Interobserver Agreement of DTD-TIRADS for Diffuse Thyroid Disease on Ultrasound: A Single-Center Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 216:1329-34. [PMID: 33655773 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.20.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the capability of the already-proposed thyroid imaging reporting and data system for detecting diffuse thyroid disease (DTD-TIRADS) on ultrasound (US) by assessing interobserver agreement and diagnostic performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 180 patients who underwent thyroid US before thyroid surgery were included. Three radiologists blinded to the pathologic and serologic data independently categorized the US features according to a four-category DTD-TIRADS classification system. On the basis of the pathologic results of thyroid parenchyma, diagnostic performance values were calculated using ROC curve analyses. Interobserver agreements of each US feature and DTD-TIRADS category among the three radiologists were also assessed. RESULTS. Of the 180 patients, 143 (79.4%) had normal thyroid parenchyma and 37 (20.6%) had diffuse thyroid disease (DTD). The areas under the ROC curve for DTD were not significantly different among the three radiologists: 0.876 (95% CI, 0.819-0.920) for radiologist 1, 0.883 (95% CI, 0.827-0.926) for radiologist 2, and 0.861 (95% CI, 0.801-0.908) for radiologist 3 (p > .05). The cutoff for the diagnosis of DTD was category III DTD-TIRADS. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DTD-TIRADS for detecting DTD were 86.5%, 81.1%, and 82.2% for radiologist 1; 86.5%, 83.2%, and 83.9% for radiologist 2; and 83.8%, 82.5%, and 82.8% for radiologist 3, respectively. Interobserver agreement of DTD-TIRADS categorization was almost perfect (κ = 0.81). CONCLUSION. DTD-TIRADS has high diagnostic performance and almost-perfect interobserver agreement. Thus, DTD-TIRADS can be considered to be an effective classification system for diagnosing DTD.
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Sedlackova Z, Herman J, Furst T, Salzman R, Vachutka J, Herman M. Shear wave elastography in diffuse thyroid disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 165:152-156. [PMID: 32394978 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to examine the contribution of shear wave elastography to ultrasonographic assessment in diffuse thyroid disease, specifically to evaluate the stiffness of the thyroid gland in diffuse thyroid disease and compare it with healthy controls. METHODS A total of 46 patients with diffuse thyroid disease were examined clinically, by conventional ultrasound, and shear wave elastography. The conventional ultrasound parameters followed were: volume, margin quality, presence of nodules, and vascularisation. We measured the mean, minimum, and maximum stiffnesses by shear wave elastography. Results were correlated with values in 128 healthy subjects. RESULTS Patients with diffuse thyroid disease had significantly higher mean and maximal stiffnesses of the thyroid gland: 12.5 ± 5 kPa and 35.3 ± 12.8 kPa, respectively, and lower minimal stiffness: 0.5 ± 0.6 kPa than the healthy control group with mean, maximal, and minimal values of 9.5 ± 3.6 kPa, 22.5 ± 7.3 kPa, and 2.2 ± 2.1 kPa (P<0.001). Stiffness values were positively correlated with BMI and volume of the thyroid; they did not correlate with margin quality, presence of nodules nor vascularisation. Compared with healthy volunteers, thyroid glands of patients with diffuse thyroid disease had a blurred margin more frequently and the amount of nodules and vascularisation were higher. Patients with Graves-Basedow disease did not have significantly different mean, maximal, nor minimal stiffnesses than those with thyroiditis. CONCLUSION Both mean and maximal stiffness of the thyroid gland are significantly higher in diffuse thyroid disease than in the healthy population, while minimal stiffness is lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Sedlackova
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Herman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Furst
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Salzman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Vachutka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Herman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Baek HJ, Kim DW, Ryu KH, Shin GW, Park JY, Lee YJ, Choo HJ, Park HK, Ha TK, Kim DH, Jung SJ, Park JS, Moon SH, Ahn KJ. Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for Detecting Diffuse Thyroid Disease on Ultrasonography: A Single-Center Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:776. [PMID: 31781043 PMCID: PMC6857518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the ultrasonography (US) features of diffuse thyroid disease (DTD) and normal thyroid parenchyma (NTP), and to propose a structured imaging reporting system for detecting DTD. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the findings for 270 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid US before thyroid surgery. The following US data were analyzed: DTD-specific features, parenchymal echotexture and echogenicity, anteroposterior diameter, glandular margin, and parenchymal vascularity. Univariate and multivariate analyses with generalized estimating equations were performed to investigate the relationship between US features and DTD. The fitted probability of DTD was analyzed by using a regression equation. Results: Of the 270 patients, there were NTP (n = 193), Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 24), non-Hashimoto lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 51), Graves' disease (n = 1), and diffuse hyperplasia (n = 1). The following US features were significantly associated with DTD: decreased or increased parenchymal echogenicity, coarse parenchymal echotexture, increased anteroposterior diameter, lobulated glandular margin, and increased parenchymal vascularity. Of these, coarse parenchymal echotexture was the most significant independent predictor of DTD. The numbers of abnormal US features were positively correlated with the fitted probability and risk of DTD. The diagnostic indices were highest when the chosen cut-off criterion was category III with the largest Az value (0.867, 95% confidence interval: 0.820-0.905), yielding a sensitivity of 68.8%, specificity of 92.2%, positive predictive value of 77.9%, negative predictive value of 88.1%, and accuracy of 85.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our sonographic reporting and data system may be useful for detecting DTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong Wook Kim
| | - Kyeong Hwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Gi Won Shin
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Choo
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ha Kyoung Park
- Department of General Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwun Ha
- Department of General Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Do Hun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Ahn HS, Kim DW, Lee YJ, Baek HJ, Ryu JH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Real-Time Sonography in Differentiating Diffuse Thyroid Disease From Normal Thyroid Parenchyma: A Multicenter Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 211:649-54. [PMID: 29995502 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.17.19164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of real-time sonography (US) for differentiating diffuse thyroid disease (DTD) from normal thyroid parenchyma among radiologists blinded to patients' clinical, serologic, and imaging history and to determine the differences in diagnostic accuracy among radiologists from different institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January to March 2017, 214 patients underwent preoperative thyroid US and subsequent thyroid surgery at four participating institutions. Real-time US was performed at each institution by an attending radiologist, who classified US diagnoses into one of the following four categories based on US findings: no DTD, indeterminate, suspicious for DTD, and DTD. The outcomes of US diagnoses were compared with histopathologic results to determine the diagnostic accuracy of real-time US at each institution. RESULTS Histopathologic results included normal thyroid parenchyma (n = 143), Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 29), non-Hashimoto lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 37), and diffuse hyperplasia (n = 5). Normal thyroid parenchyma and DTD exhibited statistically significant differences in echogenicity, echotexture, size, glandular margin, vascularity of thyroid, and US classification. There was positive correlation between US classification and histopathologic results at all institutions for detecting DTD. The highest diagnostic indexes were obtained when the cutoff criterion was suspicious for DTD. There was favorable diagnostic accuracy, with statistically significant differences, at all institutions for the diagnosis of DTD. CONCLUSION Real-time US can be helpful for differentiating DTD from normal thyroid parenchyma.
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Kang T, Kim DW, Lee YJ, Cho YJ, Jung SJ, Park HK, Ha TK, Kim DH, Park JS, Moon SH, Ahn KJ, Baek HJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Normal Thyroid Parenchyma and Incidental Diffuse Thyroid Disease: A Single-Center Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:746. [PMID: 30574121 PMCID: PMC6291476 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No previous studies have investigated the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis for detecting incidental diffuse thyroid disease (DTD). This study investigated MRI features of normal thyroid parenchyma and incidental DTD. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2017, 387 patients underwent neck MRI in our hospital due to tumor/nodal staging (n = 137), lymphadenopathy (n = 122), inflammatory neck lesion (n = 85), congenital neck lesion (n = 12), and patient request (n = 31). Among them, 375 patients were excluded because of a lack of appropriate histopathological data on the thyroid parenchyma. Results: Among the patients included, 10 had normal thyroid parenchyma, 1 had Hashimoto thyroiditis, and 1 had diffuse hyperplasia. The common MRI features of normal thyroid parenchyma include iso-/slightly high and homogeneous signal intensity on T1/T2-weighted images, normal anteroposterior diameter of the thyroid gland, smooth margin, and homogeneously increased enhancement as compared to adjacent muscle. Hashimoto thyroiditis exhibited high and inhomogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighted images, while diffuse hyperplasia revealed an increased anteroposterior diameter and lobulated margin of the thyroid gland, and inhomogeneous enhancement. Conclusions: MRI may be helpful for detection of incidental DTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kang
- Department of Surgery (Busan Cancer Center), Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong Wook Kim
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ha Kyoung Park
- Department of General Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwun Ha
- Department of General Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Do Hun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
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Kim I, Kim EK, Yoon JH, Han KH, Son EJ, Moon HJ, Kwak JY. Diagnostic role of conventional ultrasonography and shearwave elastography in asymptomatic patients with diffuse thyroid disease: initial experience with 57 patients. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:247-53. [PMID: 24339314 PMCID: PMC3874899 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of diffuse thyroid disease (DTD), whereas shearwave elastography is a dynamic technique that can provide information about tissue hardness by using acoustic shearwaves remotely induced by a focused ultrasonic beam. This study aims at investigating the role of conventional US and shearwave elastography in the diagnosis of asymptomatic patients with DTD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients who underwent both conventional US and shearwave elastography were included in this study. Interobserver variability of the three radiologists in assessment of underlying thyroid echogenicity on conventional US was analyzed. Diagnostic performances for diagnosing DTD on conventional US and shearwave elastography were calculated and compared. RESULTS Fair agreement was observed in the identification of DTD with conventional US (kappa value= 0.27). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) were 0.52-0.585 on conventional US by three radiologists. The Az values when using the mean and maximum elasticity values as a diagnostic criteria for DTD were 0.619 and 0.59 on shearwave elastography. Patients with DTD showed higher mean [24.1±10 kilo-Pascals (kPa)] and maximum (36.4±13.3 kPa) elasticity values on shearwave elastography when compared to the normal group (23.4±10.8 kPa and 33.7±12.4 kPa, respectively), although without statistical significance (p=0.802 and p=0.452, respectively). CONCLUSION Conventional US did not show reliable interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of DTD. Although not statistically significant, shearwave elastography may provide additional information in the diagnosis of DTD. Therefore, larger prospective studies are needed to define the values of shearwave elastography for diagnosing DTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injoong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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