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Jeon J, Lee H, Jeon MS, Kim SJ, Choi C, Kim KW, Yang DJ, Lee S, Bae YS, Choi WI, Jung J, Eyun SI, Yang S. Blockade of Activin Receptor IIB Protects Arthritis Pathogenesis by Non-Amplification of Activin A-ACVR2B-NOX4 Axis Pathway. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205161. [PMID: 36950748 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B) is emerging as a novel pathogenic receptor, its ligand and assembled components (or assembly) are totally unknown in the context of osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The present results suggest that upregulation of ACVR2B and its assembly could affect osteoarthritic cartilage destruction. It is shown that the ACVR2B ligand, activin A, regulates catabolic factor expression through ACVR2B in OA development. Activin A Tg mice (Col2a1-Inhba) exhibit enhanced cartilage destruction, whereas heterozygous activin A KO mice (Inhba+/- ) show protection from cartilage destruction. In silico analysis suggests that the Activin A-ACVR2B axis is involved in Nox4-dependent ROS production. Activin A Tg:Nox4 KO (Col2a1-Inhba:Nox4-/- ) mice show inhibition of experimental OA pathogenesis. NOX4 directly binds to the C-terminal binding site on ACVR2B-ACVR1B and amplifies the pathogenic signal for cartilage destruction through SMAD2/3 signaling. Together, the findings reveal that the ACVR2B assembly, which comprises Activin A, ACVR2B, ACVR1B, Nox4, and AP-1-induced HIF-2α, accelerates OA development. Furthermore, it is shown that shRNA-mediated ACVR2B knockdown or trapping ligands of ACVR2B abrogate OA development by competitively disrupting the ACVR2B-Activin A interaction. These results suggest that the ACVR2B assembly is required to amplify osteoarthritic cartilage destruction and could be a potential therapeutic target in efforts to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Cham Choi
- MicroCT Applications, 3rd floor, 11, Sumyeong-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lin J, Wang S, Wen L, Ye H, Shang S, Li J, Shu J, Zhou P. Targeting peptide-mediated interactions in omics. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200175. [PMID: 36461811 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-mediated interactions (PMIs) play a crucial role in cell signaling network, which are responsible for about half of cellular protein-protein associations in the human interactome and have recently been recognized as a new kind of promising druggable target for drug development and disease therapy. In this article, we give a systematic review regarding the proteome-wide discovery of PMIs and targeting druggable PMIs (dPMIs) with chemical drugs, self-inhibitory peptides (SIPs) and protein agents, particularly focusing on their implications and applications for therapeutic purpose in omics. We also introduce computational peptidology strategies used to model, analyze, and design PMI-targeted molecular entities and further extend the concepts of protein context, direct/indirect readout, and enthalpy/entropy effect involved in PMIs. Current issues and future perspective on this topic are discussed. There is still a long way to go before establishment of efficient therapeutic strategies to target PMIs on the omics scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Shaozhou Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Ye
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyong Shang
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juelin Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Shu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
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3
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Xiong LL, Chen L, Deng IB, Zhou XF, Wang TH. P75 neurotrophin receptor as a therapeutic target for drug development to treat neurological diseases. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5299-5318. [PMID: 36017737 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of neurotrophins with their receptors is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury and acute and chronic cerebral damage. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) plays a pivotal role in the development of neurological dysfunctions as a result of its high expression, abnormal processing and signalling. Therefore, p75NTR represents as a vital therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorders and cerebrovascular insufficiency. This review summarizes the current research progress on the p75NTR signalling in neurological deficits. We also summarize the present therapeutic approaches by genetically and pharmacologically targeting p75NTR for the attenuation of pathological changes. Based on the evolving knowledge, the role of p75NTR in the regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ metabolism, the degeneration of motor neurons and dopaminergic neurons has been discussed. Its position as a biomarker to evaluate the severity of diseases and as a druggable target for drug development has also been elucidated. Several prototype small molecule compounds were introduced to be crucial in neuronal survival and functional recovery via targeting p75NTR. These small molecule compounds represent desirable agents in attenuating neurodegeneration and cell death as they abolish activation-induced neurotoxicity of neurotrophins via modulating p75NTR signalling. More comprehensive and in-depth investigations on p75NTR-based drug development are required to shed light on effective treatment of numerous neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Isaac Bul Deng
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Feng K, Min YQ, Sun X, Deng F, Li P, Wang H, Ning YJ. Interactome profiling reveals interaction of SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 with host factor STAT1 to suppress interferon signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:760-762. [PMID: 34687317 PMCID: PMC8574307 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Peiqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
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5
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Santiago Á, Razo-Hernández RS, Pastor N. The TATA-binding Protein DNA-binding domain of eukaryotic parasites is a potentially druggable target. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:130-149. [PMID: 31569300 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a central transcription factor in eukaryotes that interacts with a large number of different transcription factors; thus, affecting these interactions will be lethal for any living being. In this work, we present the first structural and dynamic computational study of the surface properties of the TBP DNA-binding domain for a set of parasites involved in diseases of worldwide interest. The sequence and structural differences of these TBPs, as compared with human TBP, were proposed to select representative ensembles generated from molecular dynamics simulations and to evaluate their druggability by molecular ensemble-based docking of drug-like molecules. We found that potential druggable sites correspond to the NC2-binding site, N-terminal tail, H2 helix, and the interdomain region, with good selectivity for Plasmodium falciparum, Necator americanus, Entamoeba histolytica, Candida albicans, and Taenia solium TBPs. The best hit compounds share structural similarity among themselves and have predicted dissociation constants ranging from nM to μM. These can be proposed as initial scaffolds for experimental testing and further optimization. In light of the obtained results, we propose TBP as an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Santiago
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Doctorado en Ciencias, CIDC-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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6
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Vandana, Dixit R, Tiwari R, Katyal A, Pandey KC. Metacaspases: Potential Drug Target Against Protozoan Parasites. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:790. [PMID: 31379569 PMCID: PMC6657590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous strategies/targets for controlling infectious diseases, parasites-derived proteases receive prime attention due to their essential contribution to parasite growth and development. Parasites produce a broad array of proteases, which are required for parasite entry/invasion, modification/degradation of host proteins for their nourishment, and activation of inflammation that ensures their survival to maintain infection. Presently, extensive research is focused on unique proteases termed as "metacaspases" (MCAs) in relation to their versatile functions in plants and non-metazoans. Such unique MCAs proteases could be considered as a potential drug target against parasites due to their absence in the human host. MCAs are cysteine proteases, having Cys-His catalytic dyad present in fungi, protozoa, and plants. Studies so far indicated that MCAs are broadly associated with apoptosis-like cell death, growth, and stress regulation in different protozoa. The present review comprises the important research outcomes from our group and published literature, showing the variable properties and function of MCAs for therapeutic purpose against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.,Dr Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnikant Dixit
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Anju Katyal
- Dr Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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7
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Li X, Xu W, Kang W, Wong SH, Wang M, Zhou Y, Fang X, Zhang X, Yang H, Wong CH, To KF, Chan SL, Chan MTV, Sung JJY, Wu WKK, Yu J. Genomic analysis of liver cancer unveils novel driver genes and distinct prognostic features. Theranostics 2018; 8:1740-1751. [PMID: 29556353 PMCID: PMC5858179 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with a dismal prognosis. However, driver genes and prognostic markers in HCC remain to be identified. It is hoped that in-depth analysis of HCC genomes in relation to available clinicopathological information will give rise to novel molecular prognostic markers. Methods: We collected genomic data of 1,061 HCC patients from previous studies, and performed integrative analysis to identify significantly mutated genes and molecular prognosticators. We employed three MutSig algorithms (MutSigCV, MutSigCL and MutSigFN) to identify significantly mutated genes. The GISTIC2 algorithm was used to delineate focally amplified and deleted genomic regions. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was utilized to decipher mutational signatures. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to associate gene mutation and copy number alteration with survival outcome. Logistic regression model was applied to test association between gene mutation and mutational signatures. Results: We discovered 11 novel driver genes, including RNF213, VAV3 and TNRC6B, with mutational prevalence ranging from 1% to 3%. Seven mutational signatures were also identified in HCC, some of which were associated with mutations of classical driver genes (e.g., TP53, TERT) as well as alcohol consumption. Focal amplifications of TERT and other druggable targets, including AURKA, were also revealed. Targeting AURKA by a small-molecule inhibitor potently induced apoptosis in HCC cells. We further demonstrated that HCC patients with TERT amplification displayed shortened overall survival independent of other clinicopathological parameters. In conclusion, our study identified novel cancer driver genes and prognostic markers in HCC, reiterating the translational importance of omics data in the precision medicine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Public Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi H Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka F To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,PhenoMatriX, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has also been described as one of the critical signaling pathways for regulation of normal stem cells as well as cancer cells with stem cell-like features, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). In this review, we will briefly describe the basic mechanisms of Wnt signaling pathway and its crucial roles in the normal regulation of cellular processes as well as in the development of cancer. Next, we will highlight the roles of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of CSC properties namely self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance abilities, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we will examine the findings of several recent studies which explore druggable targets in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway which could be valuable to improve the treatment outcome for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnani Aminuddin
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Morikawa K, Suda G, Sakamoto N. Viral life cycle of hepatitis B virus: Host factors and druggable targets. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:871-7. [PMID: 26776362 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Morikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Wolkowicz R. Narrowing the translational research gap: what needs to be done? Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1843-6. [PMID: 26393393 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Park H, Cho SY, Kim H, Na D, Han JY, Chae J, Park C, Park OK, Min S, Kang J, Choi B, Min J, Kwon JY, Suh YS, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Liu ET, Kim JI, Kim S, Yang HK, Lee C. Genomic alterations in BCL2L1 and DLC1 contribute to drug sensitivity in gastric cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12492-7. [PMID: 26401016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507491112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent high-throughput analyses of genomic alterations revealed several driver genes and altered pathways in GC. However, therapeutic applications from genomic data are limited, largely as a result of the lack of druggable molecular targets and preclinical models for drug selection. To identify new therapeutic targets for GC, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of DNA from 103 patients with GC for copy number alteration (CNA) analysis, and whole-exome sequencing from 55 GCs from the same patients for mutation profiling. Pathway analysis showed recurrent alterations in the Wnt signaling [APC, CTNNB1, and DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer 1)], ErbB signaling (ERBB2, PIK3CA, and KRAS), and p53 signaling/apoptosis [TP53 and BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1)] pathways. In 18.4% of GC cases (19/103), amplification of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2L1 was observed, and subsequently a BCL2L1 inhibitor was shown to markedly decrease cell viability in BCL2L1-amplified cell lines and in similarly altered patient-derived GC xenografts, especially when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. In 10.9% of cases (6/55), mutations in DLC1 were found and were also shown to confer a growth advantage for these cells via activation of Rho-ROCK signaling, rendering these cells more susceptible to a ROCK inhibitor. Taken together, our study implicates BCL2L1 and DLC1 as potential druggable targets for specific subsets of GC cases.
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