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Menotti A, Puddu PE. In Search of Risk Factors: The Origin and Early Stages of Cardiovascular Epidemiology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:20. [PMID: 38248890 PMCID: PMC10816974 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Based mainly on their personal experience, the authors try to describe the origin of cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology and the problems and difficulties practitioners attempted to tackle and solve during the first few decades of this discipline, which started around the middle of the last century. Beyond identifying the characteristics of those who became CVD epidemiologists, a description is given of the initial structures of the involved studies, participation rates, risk factors measurements and standardization, clinical measurements and diagnostic criteria, mortality data collection and coding, data loading and analysis, plus a number of problems still unsolved at the beginning of the 2000s. Despite many obstacles, and the initial hostility of the medical-scientific establishment, CVD epidemiology represented a revolution in researching in the bio-medical field. In the end, it also affected clinical research introducing the use of the quantitative approach bound to mathematical-statistical procedures. After decades of hard work and the development of a number of innovative tools, CVD epidemiology received its deserved recognition, eventually being accepted as a reputable and independent scientific discipline. Yet, in several countries, especially those from Southern Europe, an academic recognition of CVD epidemiology is still lacking.
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Bargiota SI, Papakonstantinou AV, Christodoulou NG. Oxytocin as a treatment for high-risk psychosis or early stages of psychosis: a mini review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232776. [PMID: 37663608 PMCID: PMC10470639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) present as help-seeking individuals with social deficits as well as cognitive and functional impairment and have a 23-36% risk of transition to first-episode psychosis. The therapeutic role of intranasal oxytocin (ΟΤ) in psychiatric disorders has been widely studied during the last decades, concerning its effects on social behavior in humans. A literature search was conducted via Pubmed and Scopus, using the search terms "oxytocin" and "psychosis." Six studies were included in the current review. There were differences in terms of demographics, intervention type, and outcome measures. ΟΤ may affect the social cognition skills of people at prodromal and early stages of psychosis, but its effect on clinical symptoms is ambiguous. Because of the high level of heterogeneity of existing studies, more original studies are needed to examine and clarify whether OT improves high-risk and early psychosis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula I. Bargiota
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna V. Papakonstantinou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Segura AG, Mezquida G, Martínez-Pinteño A, Gassó P, Rodriguez N, Moreno-Izco L, Amoretti S, Bioque M, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, García-Alcon A, Roldán-Bejarano A, Vieta E, de la Serna E, Toll A, Cuesta MJ, Mas S, Bernardo M. Link between cognitive polygenic risk scores and clinical progression after a first-psychotic episode. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4634-4647. [PMID: 35678455 PMCID: PMC10388335 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical intervention in early stages of psychotic disorders is crucial for the prevention of severe symptomatology trajectories and poor outcomes. Genetic variability is studied as a promising modulator of prognosis, thus novel approaches considering the polygenic nature of these complex phenotypes are required to unravel the mechanisms underlying the early progression of the disorder. METHODS The sample comprised of 233 first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects with clinical and cognitive data assessed periodically for a 2-year period and 150 matched controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, education attainment and cognitive performance were used to assess the genetic risk of FEP and to characterize their association with premorbid, baseline and progression of clinical and cognitive status. RESULTS Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive performance PRSs were associated with an increased risk of FEP [false discovery rate (FDR) ⩽ 0.027]. In FEP patients, increased cognitive PRSs were found for FEP patients with more cognitive reserve (FDR ⩽ 0.037). PRSs reflecting a genetic liability for improved cognition were associated with a better course of symptoms, functionality and working memory (FDR ⩽ 0.039). Moreover, the PRS of depression was associated with a worse trajectory of the executive function and the general cognitive status (FDR ⩽ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel evidence of the polygenic bases of psychosis and its clinical manifestation in its first stage. The consistent effect of cognitive PRSs on the early clinical progression suggests that the mechanisms underlying the psychotic episode and its severity could be partially independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Segura
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Moreno-Izco
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University of the Basque Country, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Alcon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Roldán-Bejarano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-SantPau (IIB-SANTPAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Toll
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - PEPs Group
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Barthelemy D, Lescuyer G, Geiguer F, Grolleau E, Gauthier A, Balandier J, Raffin M, Bardel C, Bouyssounouse B, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Couraud S, Wozny AS, Payen L. Paired Comparison of Routine Molecular Screening of Patient Samples with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Circulating Cell-Free DNA Using Three Targeted Assays. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36900363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80-85% of all lung cancers. Approximately 10-50% of patients with NSCLC harbor targetable activating mutations, such as in-frame deletions in Exon 19 (Ex19del) of EGFR. Currently, for patients with advanced NSCLC, testing for sensitizing mutations in EGFR is mandatory prior to the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma was collected from patients with NSCLC. We carried out targeted NGS using the Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD kit on cfDNA (circulating free DNA). Clinical concordance for plasma detection of known oncogenic drivers was reported. In a subset of cases, validation was carried out using an orthogonal OncoBEAMTM EGFR V2 assay, as well as with our custom validated NGS assay. Somatic alterations were filtered, removing somatic mutations attributable to clonal hematopoiesis for our custom validated NGS assay. RESULTS In the plasma samples, driver targetable mutations were studied, with a mutant allele frequency (MAF) ranging from 0.00% (negative detection) to 82.25%, using the targeted next-generation sequencing Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD Kit. In comparison with the OncoBEAMTM EGFR V2 kit, the EGFR concordance is 89.16% (based on the common genomic regions). The sensitivity and specificity rates based on the genomic regions (EGFR exons 18, 19, 20, and 21) were 84.62% and 94.67%. Furthermore, the observed clinical genomic discordances were present in 25% of the samples: 5% in those linked to the lower of coverage of the OncoBEAMTM EGFR V2 kit, 7% in those induced by the sensitivity limit on the EGFR with the Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD Kit, and 13% in the samples linked to the larger KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF coverage of the Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD kit. Most of these somatic alterations were cross validated in our orthogonal custom validated NGS assay, used in the routine management of patients. The concordance is 82.19% in the common genomic regions (EGFR exons 18, 19, 20, 21; KRAS exons 2, 3, 4; BRAF exons 11, 15; and PIK3CA exons 10, 21). The sensitivity and specificity rates were 89.38% and 76.12%, respectively. The 32% of genomic discordances were composed of 5% caused by the limit of coverage of the Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD kit, 11% induced by the sensitivity limit of our custom validated NGS assay, and 16% linked to the additional oncodriver analysis, which is only covered by our custom validated NGS assay. CONCLUSIONS The Plasma-SeqSensei™ SOLID CANCER IVD kit resulted in de novo detection of targetable oncogenic drivers and resistance alterations, with a high sensitivity and accuracy for low and high cfDNA inputs. Thus, this assay is a sensitive, robust, and accurate test.
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Ma G, Yang D, Li Y, Li M, Li J, Fu J, Peng Z. Combined measurement of circulating tumor cell counts and serum tumor marker levels enhances the screening efficiency for malignant versus benign pulmonary nodules. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:3393-3401. [PMID: 36284506 PMCID: PMC9715841 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high false-positive rate for pulmonary nodules (PNs) from using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can lead to overuse of invasive procedures, overtreatment, and patient anxiety. Therefore, it is very important to develop new diagnostic methods. METHODS A negative enrichment-fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE-FISH) approach was used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with PNs. We evaluated whether or not the combination of CTC counts with serum tumor marker levels (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, SCC) could improve the diagnostic ability for distinguishing patients with malignant pulmonary nodules (MPNs) from those with benign pulmonary nodules (BPNs). Moreover, the potential clinical application of this combination for the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) with a diameter ≤2 cm was also investigated. RESULTS The combination of CTC counts and tumor marker levels had a sensitivity of 80.12% and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCROC ) of 0.853 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.800-0.897, p < 0.001) for the differential diagnosis of PNs. For early cancer stages, the sensitivity was 75.38% (AUCROC = 0.780, 95% CI: 0.713-0.838, p < 0.001). In addition, for SPNs within 2 cm the combination of CTC counts and tumor marker levels was still the most valuable diagnostic tool with a sensitivity of 78.95% and AUCROC of 0.888. CONCLUSION The combination of CTC counts and serum tumor marker levels is helpful for improving the diagnosis of PNs, especially in the early stages of cancer and for SPNs within 2 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina,Department of Thoracic SurgeryLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological MedicineLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological MedicineLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Zhongmin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hayley Womack
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Neera K. Dahl
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Sayed MA, Tarawneh R, Youssef HM, Pillen K, Börner A. Detection and Verification of QTL for Salinity Tolerance at Germination and Seedling Stages Using Wild Barley Introgression Lines. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112246. [PMID: 34834608 PMCID: PMC8624391 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environmental factors that negatively affect crop development, particularly at the early growth stage of a plant and consequently the final yield. Therefore, a set of 50 wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hsp) introgression lines (ILs) was used to detect QTL alleles improving germination and seedling growth under control, 75 mM, and 150 mM NaCl conditions. Large variation was observed for germination and seedling growth related traits that were highly heritable under salinity stress. In addition, highly significant differences were obtained for five salinity tolerance indices and between treatments as well. A total of 90 and 35 significant QTL were identified for ten investigated traits and for tolerance indices, respectively. The Hsp introgression alleles are involved in improving salinity tolerance at forty (43.9%) out of 90 QTL including introgression lines S42IL-109 (2H), S42IL-116 (4H), S42IL-132 (6H), S42IL-133 (7H), S42IL-148 (6H), and S42IL-176 (5H). Interestingly, seven exotic QTL alleles were successfully validated in the wild barley ILs including S42IL-127 (5H), 139 (7H), 125 (5H), 117 (4H), 118 (4H), 121 (4H), and 137 (7H). We conclude that the barley introgression lines contain numerous germination and seedling growth-improving novel QTL alleles, which are effective under salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdelaziz Sayed
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Gene Bank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Rasha Tarawneh
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Gene Bank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Helmy Mohamed Youssef
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Andreas Börner
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Gene Bank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany;
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Frizziero L, Midena G, Longhin E, Berton M, Torresin T, Parrozzani R, Pilotto E. Early Retinal Changes by OCT Angiography and Multifocal Electroretinography in Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113514. [PMID: 33143008 PMCID: PMC7692230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the earliest retinal morphological and functional changes in diabetic eyes without or with early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Twenty-two eyes with no DR (noDR group), 22 eyes with mild DR (DR group), and 18 healthy nondiabetic eyes (controls) were enrolled. All eyes were studied by means of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Results: A significantly higher number of OCT hyperreflective intraretinal foci (HRF) was found in both noDR and DR groups versus controls, but not between DR groups. The OCTA parameters of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) were significantly reduced in the noDR group both versus controls and DR group (p < 0.05). The OCTA parameters of the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) were significantly reduced in the DR group versus controls. An increased number of altered hexagons on mfERG was found in the noDR versus the DR group (p = 0.0192). Conclusions: Retinal vascular and functional parameters are differently involved in diabetic eyes; major vascular changes in the SVP and functional alterations of the mfERG are present in diabetic eyes with no clinical microvascular signs of DR, while ICP is mainly involved when early ophthalmoscopic signs of DR are present. The integrated use of mfERG and OCTA provides new significant insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic related retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frizziero
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-2110
| | - Giulia Midena
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Longhin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.L.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.L.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Raffaele Parrozzani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.L.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.L.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
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Pegado MR, Santos CP, Pimentel M, Cyrne R, Paulo M, Maulvaut AL, Raffoul D, Diniz M, Bispo R, Rosa R. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the hematological parameters of a temperate catshark. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2019; 333:126-132. [PMID: 31793756 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels have been rising due to an increase in anthropic activities and its implications over marine ecosystems are unprecedented. The present study focused on the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on key hematological parameters of the juvenile small-spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula). Eggs were reared throughout the entire embryogenesis (~4 months) plus 5 additional months, in two experimental treatments (control: pCO2 ~ 400 μatm; and high CO2 : pCO2 ~ 900 μatm, Δ -0.3 pH units). After blood collection, the following hematological parameters were evaluated: (a) normal blood cells count (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes), (b) presence of erythrocytes with nuclear abnormalities, and (c) erythrocyte nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio. Concomitantly, to determine the cardiac and hematopoietic conditions, the spleen and heart to body ratios were also assessed. The present findings indicate that the measured variables may not be affected by elevated pCO2 in this temperate species, as no significant differences were observed between treatments across all the endpoints tested. Nonetheless, it is worth mentioning a decreasing trend observed in a number of thrombocytes associated with OA, which should foster further investigation, regarding other aspects of their coagulation response. Along with OA, other stressors are expected to impact marine life, such as warming and hypoxia. Thus, future research should aim to investigate the cumulative effect of these stressors on hematological parameters in sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Pegado
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Catarina P Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Marta Pimentel
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cyrne
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Maria Paulo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvaut
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal.,UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Dayanne Raffoul
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal.,Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Regina Bispo
- Centro de Matemática e Aplicações & Departamento de Matemática, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
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Giner F, López-Guerrero JA, Fernández-Serra A, Machado I, Mayordomo-Aranda E, Peydró-Olaya A, Llombart-Bosch A. Chemokine Expression Is Involved in the Vascular Neogenesis of Ewing Sarcoma: A Preliminary Analysis of the Early Stages of Angiogenesis in a Xenograft Model. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:30-39. [PMID: 29895220 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618782497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common bone cancer in pediatric patients. Angiogenesis is a major factor for tumor growth and metastasis. Our aim was to carry out a histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization of the neovascularization established between xenotransplanted tumors and the host during the initial phases of growth in nude mice in three angiogenesis experiments (ES2, ES3, and ES4). METHODS The original human EWS were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of three nude mice. Tumor pieces 3 mm-4 mm in size from early passages of Nu432, Nu495, and Nu471 were also implanted subcutaneously on the backs of three sets (ES2, ES3, and ES4) of athymic Balb-c nude mice (n = 14 each). The animals were sacrificed at 24, 48, and 96 hours and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after implantation to perform histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies (neovascularization experiments). RESULTS We observed histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical changes in the xenografted tumor at different times after implantation. Chemokine ligand expression peaked twice, once during the first 48 hours and again in the second week. We observed that tumor cells in contact with murine peritumoral stroma presented higher expression of chemokine ligands as well as more tumor cells around the capillary vessels. Mouse serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels peaked twice, once in the first hours and then in the second week after tumor implantation. CONCLUSION Chemokines and other angiogenic factors may be relevant in the angiogenic mechanism during tumor growth. This model provides information on the early stages of the angiogenic process and could be a useful tool in researching anti-angiogenic drugs for new therapeutic strategies in EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Giner
- 1 Department of Pathology, Universitat de València Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - José A López-Guerrero
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Serra
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isidro Machado
- 3 Department of Pathology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Amando Peydró-Olaya
- 1 Department of Pathology, Universitat de València Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Cariati P, Cabello Serrano A, Marin Fernandez A, Julia Martinez MA, Fernandez Solis J, Martinez Lara I. Behavior of Buccal Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 53 Carcinomas of This Anatomical Region. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2018; 12:8-13. [PMID: 30815209 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present report is to study the pattern of distribution of cervical metastasis in buccal mucosa cancer and to discuss the various therapeutic options available. Fifty-three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa treated with tumorectomy and selective neck dissection were included in the study. We also studied the relationship between specific pathological features and overall survival. Level Ib was the most affected level, followed by level IIa. T stage, N stage, N involvement tumor thickness, extracapsular spread (ECS), and vascular invasion were associated with poorer outcomes regarding overall survival ( p < 0.001). Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa should be treated aggressively from the early stages. A large tumorectomy of the primary tumor is required to reduce the number of local recurrences. Moreover, we recommend performing a supraomohyoid neck dissection even in cT1N0 if there is a suspicion that the tumor thickness may be greater than 0.4 cm. The high risk of local recurrence obliges protection of the neck from a future cervical recurrence even in T1 small tumors. This could reduce the risk of cervical involvement during the follow-up and improve overall survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cariati
- Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Almudena Cabello Serrano
- Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Ana Marin Fernandez
- Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
| | | | - Jose Fernandez Solis
- Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Martinez Lara
- Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
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Abstract
Scientific literature has stated the presence of various stages in athletes sportive development, with different objectives in each one of them. This should lead coaches to different training plans according to the athlete’s formation stage. The aim of this study was to analyse training plans and identify differences in basketball objectives according to formative stages (U’12 and U’14) in boys and girls. A total of 1,976 training tasks were collected and analysed, for a total of four teams (girls and boys of U’12 and U’14 categories) during an entire season. Pedagogical variables, game phases, game situations, training means and content were studied. The results showed significant differences between genders. Girls’ teams performed more tasks on offense and technical skills. By contrast, boys’ teams performed more defensive tasks and tactical contents. The 1-on-0 and 1-on-1 were the most repeated game situations in all teams. Coaches used different training tasks according to gender and age. In male U’12 teams, drills predominated, whereas in the other categories, games predominated. For boys’ teams, the contents were tactical oriented, and for girls’ teams, the contents were oriented toward skill acquisition. Studying the pedagogical variables of the training process allowed for identification of the utility of training, assessment, and modification of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cañadas
- University of Murcia, Faculty of Sports Science, Murcia, Spain.,GOERD Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Facultad de Educación, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,GOERD Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio J Ibáñez
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Cáceres, Spain.,GOERD Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Jiang T, Zhang J, Rong L, Feng Y, Wang Q, Song Q, Zhang L, Ouyang M. ECD1 functions as an RNA-editing trans-factor of rps14-149 in plastids and is required for early chloroplast development in seedlings. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:3037-3051. [PMID: 29648606 PMCID: PMC5972661 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development is a highly complex process and the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we identified Early Chloroplast Development 1 (ECD1), a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein (PPR) belonging to the PLS subfamily. Inactivation of ECD1 in Arabidopsis led to embryo lethality, and abnormal embryogenesis occurred in ecd1/+ heterozygous plants. A decrease in ECD1 expression induced by RNAi resulted in seedlings with albino cotyledons but normal true leaves. The aberrant morphology and under-developed thylakoid membrane system in cotyledons of RNAi seedlings suggests a role of ECD1 specifically in chloroplast development in seedlings. In cotyledons of ECD1-RNAi plants, RNA-editing of rps14-149 (encoding ribosomal protein S14) was seriously impaired. In addition, dramatically decreased plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent gene expression and abnormal chloroplast rRNA processing were also observed. Taken together, our results indicate that ECD1 is indispensable for chloroplast development at the seedling stage in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Feng
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Juanpanich T, Suttirojpattana T, Takayama M, Liang Y, Dochi O, Parnpai R, Imai K. Survival and developmental competence of bovine embryos at different developmental stages and separated blastomeres after vitrification in different solutions. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:42-51. [PMID: 28856787 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Generating techniques to enhance the success of blastomere separation is important for bovine economy, because it increases the number of transferable embryos. This study aimed to identify the optimum cryoprotectants for the vitrification of bovine embryos and the separation of blastomeres at different stages. In experiment 1, expanded blastocysts were vitrified in two different vitrification solutions, either (1) ethylene glycol (EG) + propylene glycol (PG) or (2) EG. The survival rate of blastocysts in the EG + PG was higher than that of the EG. In experiment 2, intact two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos were vitrified in the same solutions used in experiment 1. The EG + PG produced more dead embryos than the EG (P < 0.05). In the EG, the rate of blastocyst formation was similar for the vitrified two- and eight-cell embryos and the non-vitrified ywo-cell embryos. In experiment 3, separated blastomeres of two- and eight-cell embryos were vitrified in EG. There was no difference in the rate of blastocyst formation and total number of cells between the two vitrified groups. In summary, at the blastocyst stage, EG + PG was superior, based on both survival rates and cell numbers; however, at the 2-8 cell stage, the use of EG alone was better than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theesit Juanpanich
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tayita Suttirojpattana
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mari Takayama
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Osamu Dochi
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kei Imai
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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LEO C, SANTORELLI C, HODGKINSON J, BIDOVANETA O, BALDELLI F, CANTARELLA F, CAVAZZONI E. Five year experience of the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. G Chir 2017; 38:176-180. [PMID: 29182899 PMCID: PMC5725161 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The best treatment of early stage anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is under debated. Wide local excision (WLE) may be considered adequate for stage 1 anal margin cancer. This study demonstrates our experience in treatment of patients with SCC over 5 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who had undergone anal screening or anal cancer surveillance between October 2010 and 2015 in our department. Each patient underwent anal Pap test, HPV test PCR HPV DNA and cytology by Thin Prep. The examinations were performed by Proctostation THD©. Data were collected and analysed. RESULTS We included 25 patients, 16 male (64%) and 9 female (36%). Twenty-four patients had SCC and 1 patient had adenocarcinoma. Of this cohort: 10 underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) because T3-4 N1-2 M0, 13 underwent only surgery because T1/T2 and 2 patients had CRT and surgery because they already have had anal cancer treated in the past with CRT. Seventeen patients (68%) of this cohort, including 5 with micro-invasive SCCs, had regular follow-up without recurrences. Four patients (17%) died from metastatic disease and 4 patients (17%) had recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS In this small cohort we demonstrated satisfactory results in treatment of SCCs, underlining the effective role of surgery in early stages of SCC. Screening program and follow up were fundamental to identify early stage and recurrent disease. Also we found the High-resolution video-proctoscopy a valid diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. LEO
- St Mark’s Hospital Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - C. SANTORELLI
- University of Perugia Hospital Centre, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - J.D. HODGKINSON
- St Mark’s Hospital Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - O. BIDOVANETA
- University of Perugia Hospital Centre, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - F. BALDELLI
- University of Perugia Hospital Centre, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - F. CANTARELLA
- University of Perugia Hospital Centre, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - E. CAVAZZONI
- University of Perugia Hospital Centre, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Míka O, Kožnarová J, Sak P. [Ultrasound staging of stage I-II endometrial cancer, analysis of own file in the years 2012-2016]. Ceska Gynekol 2017; 82:218-226. [PMID: 28593776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound staging of early stage endometrial cancer depending on grading, evaluation of ultrasound examination accuracy growing overtime with gained experience of examiners and comparison of subjective versus objective modalities of deep myometrial invasion assessment in the file of patients who were referred in The Oncogyneacologic Center, Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics in České Budějovice. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTINGS Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Hospital České Budějovice a.s.Methods and the file: In this arcticle we retrospectively evaluate the file of 136 patients with early stage endometrial cancer. The patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures during the years 2012-2016 in our department. All these patients were able to be compared in different aproaches to deep myometrial invasion assessment using ultrasound examination. RESULTS Comparing the used methods of deep myometrial invasion assessment with ultrasound examination of early stage endometrial cancer patients the examiner's subjective evaluation seems to be the best approach. After the first year of doing these assessments sensitivity performed 80%, specificity 79% and infiltration of cervix sensitivity 70% and specificity 99%. In case the patients were divided into groups according to the grading, low grade assessed worst sensitivity 64% (high grade l00%), but the best specificity 75% (high grade 56%). The evaluation of objective approaches of ultrasound assement with used cut offs performed the best sensitivity 81% tumour free minimal margin (specificity 67%). On the contrary the best specificity 90% performed the ratio AP (anteroposterior) diameter tumour/AP diameter uterine (senzitivity 54%). CONCLUSION Generally in oncological therapy the most important things to put stress on the very accurate staging of oncological disease. In oncogyneacology ultrasound becomes more and more required examination. In our file we proved the significance of ultrasound examination in diagnostics and staging of endometrial cancer and we also proved that the accuracy level in early stage depends on the examiner´s experience. After one year practice our results reach the level of the results presented globally, no matter which of the methods - ultrasound MRI or frozen section - was used.
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17
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Nigro S, Riccelli R, Passamonti L, Arabia G, Morelli M, Nisticò R, Novellino F, Salsone M, Barbagallo G, Quattrone A. Characterizing structural neural networks in de novo Parkinson disease patients using diffusion tensor imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4500-4510. [PMID: 27466157 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) can be considered as a brain multisystemic disease arising from dysfunction in several neural networks. The principal aim of this study was to assess whether large-scale structural topological network changes are detectable in PD patients who have not been exposed yet to dopaminergic therapy (de novo patients). Twenty-one drug-naïve PD patients and thirty healthy controls underwent a 3T structural MRI. Next, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and graph theoretic analyses to compute individual structural white-matter (WM) networks were combined. Centrality (degree, eigenvector centrality), segregation (clustering coefficient), and integration measures (efficiency, path length) were assessed in subject-specific structural networks. Moreover, Network-based statistic (NBS) was used to identify whether and which subnetworks were significantly different between PD and control participants. De novo PD patients showed decreased clustering coefficient and strength in specific brain regions such as putamen, pallidum, amygdala, and olfactory cortex compared with healthy controls. Moreover, NBS analyses demonstrated that two specific subnetworks of reduced connectivity characterized the WM structural organization of PD patients. In particular, several key pathways in the limbic system, basal ganglia, and sensorimotor circuits showed reduced patterns of communications when comparing PD patients to controls. This study shows that PD is characterized by a disruption in the structural connectivity of several motor and non-motor regions. These findings provide support to the presence of disconnectivity mechanisms in motor (basal ganglia) as well as in non-motor (e.g., limbic, olfactory) circuits at an early disease stage of PD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4500-4510, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nigro
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - R Riccelli
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia,", Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - L Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Arabia
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia,", Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - M Morelli
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia,", Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - R Nisticò
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - F Novellino
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - M Salsone
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - G Barbagallo
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia,", Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - A Quattrone
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia,", Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
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18
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Carnio S, Novello S, Papotti M, Loiacono M, Scagliotti GV. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: tumor based approaches including gene signatures. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:372-81. [PMID: 25806256 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) large randomized trials have demonstrated that in patients with radically resected disease adjuvant chemotherapy improves 5-year survival rates. However, a customization of systemic treatment is needed to avoid treatments in patients cured by surgery alone or to justify the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk patients, including those in stage IA. Recently, the possibility of identifying prognostic and predictive factors related to the genetic signatures of the tumor that could affect adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment choices for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been of interest. This review summarizes the current status and future opportunities for clinical application of genotyping and genomic tests in early NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Carnio
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Loiacono
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy
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19
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Aparna M, Rao L, Kunhikatta V, Radhakrishnan R. The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as prognostic markers in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:345-52. [PMID: 25212455 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue cancer is the most common intra-oral malignancy with a high rate of morbidity and mortality owing to its increased propensity for tumor invasion and metastasis. These processes require a controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are known to be important regulators of matrix lysis and play a significant role in the metastasis of malignancies. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To study the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and find the association between their expression and local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates of the subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-nine tumor biopsy samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in T1 N0 M0 and T2 N0 M0 stages were immunostained with MMP-2 and MMP-9 antibodies. The immunohistochemical expression was compared with the patient characteristics and outcome. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression of MMP-2 correlated with that of MMP-9 (r = 0.716, P < 0.001). Greater expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in patients who subsequently developed local recurrence (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively), regional and/or distant metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) of the tumor. Further, a higher expression of these biomarkers was associated with shorter survival. MMP-9 was found to have better specificity for local recurrence, metastasis and survival. CONCLUSION Our results showed that these biomarkers may serve as indicators of a patient's risk potential for poor prognosis and presage the need for more aggressive treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikkath Aparna
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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20
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Sepulcre J, Sabuncu MR, Becker A, Sperling R, Johnson KA. In vivo characterization of the early states of the amyloid-beta network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:2239-52. [PMID: 23801740 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is associated with the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β. Much is known about regional brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease, yet our knowledge about the network nature of Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid-β accumulation is limited. We use stepwise connectivity analysis of Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography images to reveal the network properties of amyloid-β deposits in normal elderly subjects and clinical patients with Alzheimer's disease. We found that amyloid-β accumulation in the medial temporal lobe is associated with accumulation in cortical regions such as orbitofrontal, lateral temporal and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortices in Alzheimer's disease. In normal subjects, there was a predominant association between amyloid-β deposits in the hippocampus and the midline prefrontal/orbitofrontal regions, even in those with very low amyloid-β burden. Moreover, the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala nucleus and hippocampus exhibit hub properties in the amyloid-β network that may be critical to understanding the putative spreading mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathology in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sepulcre
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Vasconcelos V, Azevedo J, Silva M, Ramos V. Effects of marine toxins on the reproduction and early stages development of aquatic organisms. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:59-79. [PMID: 20161971 DOI: 10.3390/md8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms, and specially phytoplankton species, are able to produce a diverse array of toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood in terms of their main targets and biological function. Toxins such as saxitoxins, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, nodularin, okadaic acid, domoic acid, may be produced in large amounts by dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms and accumulate in vectors that transfer the toxin along food chains. These may affect top predator organisms, including human populations, leading in some cases to death. Nevertheless, these toxins may also affect the reproduction of aquatic organisms that may be in contact with the toxins, either by decreasing the amount or quality of gametes or by affecting embryonic development. Adults of some species may be insensitive to toxins but early stages are more prone to intoxication because they lack effective enzymatic systems to detoxify the toxins and are more exposed to the toxins due to a higher metabolic growth rate. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the effects of some of the most common marine toxins on the reproduction and development of early stages of some organisms.
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22
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Rodríguez-Kessler M, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Ustilago maydis induced accumulation of putrescine in maize leaves. Plant Signal Behav 2009; 4:310-2. [PMID: 19794848 PMCID: PMC2664492 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.4.8089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are implicated in the regulation of many processes in the plant cell, including functioning of ion channels, DNA replication, gene transcription, mRNA translation, cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Plant polyamines occur either in free form, covalently bound to proteins, or conjugated to hydroxycinnamic acids forming phenol amides. Ustilago maydis is a dimorphic and biotrophic pathogenic fungus responsible for common smut or “huitlacoche” in maize; and it is considered an excellent model for the study of plant-pathogen interactions. Recently, we reported alterations in polyamine metabolism of maize tumors induced on leaf blades by Ustilago maydis infection. Our data revealed a striking increase in maize polyamine biosynthesis, mainly free and conjugated putrescine in the tumors and in the green plant tissue surrounding the tumor. In this addendum, we describe that changes in polyamine metabolism take place even in earlier stages of maize plant infection with Ustilago maydis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí; San Luis Potosí, México
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