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Ma S, Wang J, Feng K, Zhang H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Liu B, Li Y, An M, Gonzalez-Nuñez R, Ponce Ortiz R, Woo HY, Guo X. n-Type Polymer Semiconductors Based on Dithienylpyrazinediimide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1639-1651. [PMID: 36571844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of n-type organic semiconductors critically relies on the design and synthesis of highly electron-deficient building blocks with good solubility and small steric hindrance. We report here a strongly electron-deficient dithienylpyrazinediimide (TPDI) and its n-type semiconducting polymers. The pyrazine substitution leads to the resulting polymers with much lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and improved backbone planarity compared to the reported dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI)- and fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI)-based polymer analogues, thus yielding n-type transport character with an electron mobility up to 0.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors. These results demonstrate that dithienylpyrazinediimide is a highly promising electron-deficient building block for constructing high-performance n-type polymers and the incorporation of pyrazine into imide-functionalized (hetero)arenes is an effective strategy to develop n-type polymers with deep-lying frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels for organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Raúl Gonzalez-Nuñez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their pronounced advantages of excellent mechanical flexibility/stretchability and greatly enhanced device stability as compared to other types of organic solar cells (OSCs). Thanks to the extensive research efforts dedicated to the development of polymer acceptors, all-PSCs have achieved remarkable improvement of photovoltaic performance, recently. This review summarizes the recent progress of polymer acceptors based on the key electron-deficient building blocks, which include bithiophene imide (BTI) derivatives, boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N)-incorporated (hetero)arenes, cyano-functionalized (hetero)arenes, and fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs). In addition, single-component-based all-PSCs are also briefly discussed. The structure-property correlations of polymer acceptors are elaborated in detail. Finally, we offer our insights into the development of new electron-deficient building blocks with further optimized properties and the polymers built from them for efficient all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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Xu L, Zhao Z, Xiao M, Yang J, Xiao J, Yi Z, Wang S, Liu Y. π-Extended Isoindigo-Based Derivative: A Promising Electron-Deficient Building Block for Polymer Semiconductors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:40549-40555. [PMID: 29047276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of novel electron-deficient building blocks is a key task for developing high-performance polymer semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors. In view of the situation of the lack of strong electron-deficient building blocks, we designed two novel π-extended isoindigo-based electron-deficient building blocks, IVI and F4IVI. Owing to the strong electron-deficient nature and the extended π-conjugated system of the two acceptor units, their copolymers, PIVI2T and PF4IVI2T, containing 2,2'-bithiophene donor units, are endowed with deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and strong intermolecular interactions. In comparison to PIVI2T, the fluorinated PF4IVI2T exhibits stronger intra- and intermolecular interactions, lower HOMO/LUMO energy levels up to -5.74/-4.17 eV, and more ordered molecular packing with a smaller π-π stacking distance of up to 3.53 Å, resulting in an excellent ambipolar transporting behavior and a promising application in logic circuits for PF4IVI2T in ambient with hole and electron mobilities of up to 1.03 and 1.82 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. The results reveal that F4IVI is a promising and strong electron-deficient building unit to construct high-performance semiconducting polymers, which provides an insight into the structure-property relationships for the exploration and molecular engineering of excellent electron-deficient building blocks in the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingchao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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