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Zhou J, Zhao K, Shao L, Bao Y, Gyantsen D, Ma C, Xue B. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Combination of Probiotics and Enzymes as Supplements on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters in Early-Weaned Grazing Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050785. [PMID: 36899642 PMCID: PMC10000113 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaning is an effective strategy to improve cow feed utilization and shorten postpartum intervals in cows; however, this may lead to poor performance of the weaned calves. This study was conducted to test the effects of supplementing milk replacer with Bacillus licheniformis and a complex of probiotics and enzyme preparations on body weight (BW), size, and serum biochemical parameters and hormones in early-weaned grazing yak calves. Thirty two-month-old male grazing yaks (38.89 ± 1.45 kg body weight) were fed milk replacer at 3% of their BW and were randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 10, each): T1 (supplementation with 0.15 g/kg Bacillus licheniformis), T2 (supplementation with a 2.4 g/kg combination of probiotics and enzymes), and a control (without supplementation). Compared to the controls, the average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T1 and T2 treatments, and that from 30 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T2 treatment. The ADG from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in the T2- than in the T1-treated yaks. The concentration of serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor was significantly higher in the T2-treated calves than in the controls. The concentration of serum cortisol was significantly lower in the T1 treatment than in the controls. We concluded that supplementation with probiotics alone or a combination of probiotics and enzymes can improve the ADG of early-weaned grazing yak calves. Supplementation with the combination of probiotics and enzymes had a stronger positive effect on growth and serum hormone levels, compared to the single-probiotic treatment with Bacillus licheniformis, providing a basis for the application of a combination of probiotics and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lisheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhong Bao
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dundup Gyantsen
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Lhasa Poultry Breeding Research and Protection and Extension Center, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Khotimchenko SA, Gmoshinski IV, Bagryantseva OV, Shatrov GN. [Chemical food safety: development of methodological and regulatory base]. Vopr Pitan 2020; 89:110-124. [PMID: 32986326 DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The review presents the results of studies carried out in the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology in the direction of food toxicology, the purpose of which was to improve the risk assessment methodology, substantiate hygienic regulations for the content of chemical contaminants in foodstuffs and develop methods for their detection and quantitative determination. New challenges and problems associated with the control and regulation of chemical contaminants in foods are associated, firstly, with the identification of previously unrecognized chemical factors harmful to human health, and, secondly, are caused by the progress of technologies, accompanied by the emergence of new sources of nutrients and methods of processing foodstuffs, which, along with many benefits and advantages, creates new potential risks to consumer health. Among the priority chemical pollutants, which should be mentioned currently as objects of improved regulation and control methods, are toxic elements (organic and inorganic forms of arsenic, mercury, nickel), veterinary drugs, phycotoxins, phytotoxins, new mycotoxins, various forms of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, biologically active substances of plant origin, concentrated during the production of extracts, as well as so-called technological contaminants, food additives, residual amounts of technological aids. An independent problem is the assessment of risks from nanoparticles and nanomaterials used in the production of foodstuffs, as well as enzyme preparations and food ingredients produced with the help of genetically modified microorganisms. The system of toxicological and hygienic assessment and control of chemical contaminants in foodstuffs operating in Russia is constantly being improved on the basis of new scientific data to substantiate the permissible levels of their content in products and new methods of analysis. The results obtained are reflected in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Khotimchenko
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O V Bagryantseva
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G N Shatrov
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Shcherbakova L, Rozhkova A, Osipov D, Zorov I, Mikityuk O, Statsyuk N, Sinitsyna O, Dzhavakhiya V, Sinitsyn A. Effective Zearalenone Degradation in Model Solutions and Infected Wheat Grain Using a Novel Heterologous Lactonohydrolase Secreted by Recombinant Penicillium canescens. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E475. [PMID: 32722498 PMCID: PMC7472149 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the first results on obtaining an enzyme preparation that might be promising for the simultaneous decontamination of plant feeds contaminated with a polyketide fusariotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and enhancing the availability of their nutritional components. A novel ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (ZHD) was expressed in a Penicillium canescens strain PCA-10 that was developed previously as a producer of different hydrolytic enzymes for feed biorefinery. The recombinant ZHD secreted by transformed fungal clones into culture liquid was shown to remove the toxin from model solutions, and was able to decontaminate wheat grain artificially infected with a zearalenone-producing Fusarium culmorum. The dynamics of ZEN degradation depending on the temperature and pH of the incubation media was investigated, and the optimal values of these parameters (pH 8.5, 30 °C) for the ZHD-containing enzyme preparation (PR-ZHD) were determined. Under these conditions, the 3 h co-incubation of ZEN and PR-ZHD resulted in a complete removal of the toxin from the model solutions, while the PR-ZHD addition (8 mg/g of dried grain) to flour samples prepared from the infected ZEN-polluted grain (about 16 µg/g) completely decontaminated the samples after an overnight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Dmitrii Osipov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Zorov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Oleg Mikityuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Natalia Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Olga Sinitsyna
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Abdulla JM, Rose SP, Mackenzie AM, Ivanova SG, Staykova GP, Pirgozliev VR. Nutritional value of raw and micronised field beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) with and without enzyme supplementation containing tannase for growing chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 70:350-63. [PMID: 27494637 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1214344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An experiment examined the effects of two field bean cultivar samples with different tannin contents, the effect of heat treatment (micronising) and the effect of dietary supplementation of a proprietary enzyme preparation containing tannase, pectinase, and xylanase activities on metabolisable energy (ME), total tract dry matter digestibility (DMD) and ether extract digestibility (EED), nitrogen retention (NR), tannin degradability, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and endogenous mucin losses excretion in broiler chickens. The Control diet contained per kg 221 g crude protein and 12.83 MJ ME. Four additional diets contained 300 g/kg of each of the two untreated or micronised experimental field bean cultivar samples. Each diet was then split into two batches and one of them was supplemented with 3400 units tannase per kg diet resulting in 10 diets in total. Each diet was fed to seven pens with two randomly selected male broilers each. Birds fed the high tannin bean sample had a lower weight gain (p < 0.001), and a lower determined apparent ME (p < 0.05), and DMD (p < 0.001) but a higher tannin degradability (p < 0.001). Compared to the Control diet, feeding field beans increased (p < 0.001) the weights of the proventriculus and gizzard of the birds, and also increased endogenous mucin losses (p < 0.05). Supplementing diets with the tannase-containing enzyme preparation improved dietary ME (p < 0.001), DMD (p < 0.001), NR (p < 0.001) and DEE (p < 0.05), but did not change tannin degradability. Heat treatment of the beans reduced the degradability of condensed tannins and increased endogenous mucin losses (p < 0.05). The differences in the feeding value of the different field bean samples were not improved by heat treatment, but enzyme supplementation improved the feeding value of all diets regardless of the bean samples or heat treatment. Further research is warranted to study the effectiveness of tannase supplementation in poultry diet formulations by dose response trials with purified tannase preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Mahmwd Abdulla
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Stephen Paul Rose
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Alexander Mackay Mackenzie
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Sonya Georgieva Ivanova
- c Department of Animal Nutrition and Technology , Agricultural Institute , Shumen , Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
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