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Helman SL, Wilkins SJ, McKeating DR, Perkins AV, Cuffe JSM, Hartel G, Faria N, Powell JJ, Anderson GJ, Frazer DM. A Novel Ferritin-Core Analog Is a Safe and Effective Alternative to Oral Ferrous Iron for Treating Iron Deficiency during Pregnancy in Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:714-722. [PMID: 34625812 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women enter pregnancy with iron stores that are insufficient to maintain maternal iron balance and support fetal development and consequently, often require iron supplements. However, the side effects associated with many currently available iron supplements can limit compliance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the safety and efficacy of a novel nanoparticulate iron supplement, a dietary ferritin analog termed iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), in pregnant mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were maintained on either an iron-deficient or a control diet for 2 wk prior to timed mating to develop iron-deficient or iron-sufficient pregnancy models, respectively. Mice from each model were then gavaged daily with 10 mg iron/kg body weight as either IHAT or ferrous sulfate, or with water only, beginning on embryonic day (E) 4.5. Mice were killed on E18.5 and maternal iron and hematological parameters were measured. The expression of genes encoding iron transporters and oxidative stress markers in the duodenum and placenta were determined, along with hepatic expression of the gene encoding the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin and fetal iron. RESULTS Oral IHAT and ferrous sulfate were equally effective at increasing maternal hemoglobin (20.2% and 16.9%, respectively) and hepatic iron (30.2% and 29.3%, respectively), as well as total fetal iron (99.7% and 83.8%, respectively), in iron-deficient pregnant mice compared with those gavaged with water only, with no change in oxidative stress markers seen with either treatment. However, there was a significant increase in the placental expression of the oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase 1 in iron-replete pregnant mice treated with ferrous sulfate when compared with iron-replete pregnant mice gavaged with IHAT (96.9%, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS IHAT has proved a safe and effective alternative to oral ferrous sulfate in mice, and it has potential for treating iron deficiency in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilkins
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - James S M Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David M Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Australia
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Sano M, Nagura H, Ueno S, Nakashima A. Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother's Fat and Carbohydrate Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072136. [PMID: 34206490 PMCID: PMC8308307 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary content during pregnancy is important because it is necessary for the growth of the fetus. With the assumption that the nutritional status of the fetus can be monitored by measuring amino acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid, we investigated whether the habitual dietary intake of pregnant women affected the composition of the amniotic fluid and the significance of performing amniotic fluid analysis. The subjects were 34 mothers who delivered full-term babies by cesarean section. Three biological samples were collected from the mothers: blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid. At the same time, the mothers' prenatal nutritional intake information was also recorded. When the amino acid contents of the samples were compared with the mothers' nutrient intake, many amino acids in the amniotic fluid were positively correlated with lipid intake, but not with protein intake. There was a negative correlation between lipid intake and carbohydrate intake, and the amino acid contents of the amniotic fluid were also negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. The results of this study were consistent with those found in animal models, suggesting that the analysis of amniotic fluid may be a useful method to investigate the effects of habitual diet during human pregnancy on the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsue Sano
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan; (H.N.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-749-28-8454
| | - Haruna Nagura
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan; (H.N.); (S.U.)
| | - Sayako Ueno
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan; (H.N.); (S.U.)
| | - Akira Nakashima
- Jinno Ladies Clinic-Branch Hospital “Alice”, Hikone 522-0057, Shiga, Japan;
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Morales-Roselló J, Buongiorno S, Loscalzo G, Scarinci E, Giménez Roca L, Cañada Martínez AJ, Rosati P, Lanzone A, Perales Marín A. Birth-weight differences at term are explained by placental dysfunction and not by maternal ethnicity. Study in newborns of first generation immigrants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1419-1425. [PMID: 32372671 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1755651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of ethnicity and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) on the birth weight (BW) of first generation Indo-Pakistan immigrants' newborns.Methods: This was a retrospective study in a mixed population of 620 term Caucasian and Indo-Pakistan pregnancies, evaluated in two reference hospitals of Spain and Italy. All fetuses underwent a scan and Doppler examination within two weeks of delivery. The influence of fetal gender, ethnicity, GA at delivery, CPR, maternal age, height, weight and parity on BW was evaluated by multivariable regression analysis.Results: Newborns of first generation Indo-Pakistan immigrants were smaller than local Caucasian newborns (mean BW mean= 3048 ± 435 g versus 3269 ± 437 g, p < .001). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that all studied parameters, but maternal age and ethnicity, were significantly associated with BW. The most important were GA at delivery (partial R2 = 0.175, p < .001), CPR (partial R2 = 0.032, p < .001), and fetal gender (partial R2 = 0,029, p < .001).Conclusions: The propensity to a lower BW, explained by placental dysfunction but not by maternal ethnicity is transmitted to newborns of first generation immigrants. Whatever are the factors implied they persist in the new residential setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Morales-Roselló
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Buongiorno
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Loscalzo
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Scarinci
- Department of scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Giménez Roca
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paolo Rosati
- Department of scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Department of scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Perales Marín
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Morales-Roselló J, Dias T, Khalil A, Fornes-Ferrer V, Ciammella R, Gimenez-Roca L, Perales-Marín A, Thilaganathan B. Birth-weight differences at term are explained by placental dysfunction and not by maternal ethnicity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:488-493. [PMID: 29418032 DOI: 10.1002/uog.19025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of ethnicity, fetal gender and placental dysfunction on birth weight (BW) in term fetuses of South Asian and Caucasian origin. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 627 term pregnancies assessed at two public tertiary hospitals in Spain and Sri Lanka. All fetuses underwent biometry and Doppler examinations within 2 weeks of delivery. The influences of fetal gender and ethnicity, gestational age (GA) at delivery, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and maternal age, height, weight and parity on BW were evaluated by multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Fetuses born in Sri Lanka were smaller than those born in Spain (mean BW = 3026 ± 449 g vs 3295 ± 444 g; P < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that GA at delivery, maternal weight, CPR, maternal height and fetal gender (estimates = 0.168, P < 0.001; 0.006, P < 0.001; 0.092, P = 0.003; 0.009, P = 0.002; 0.081, P = 0.01, respectively) were associated significantly with BW. Conversely, no significant association was noted for maternal ethnicity, age or parity (estimates = -0.010, P = 0.831; 0.005, P = 0.127; 0.035, P = 0.086, respectively). The findings were unchanged when the analysis was repeated using INTERGROWTH-21st fetal weight centiles instead of BW (log odds, -0.175, P = 0.170 and 0.321, P < 0.001, respectively for ethnicity and CPR). CONCLUSION Fetal BW variation at term is less dependent on ethnic origin and better explained by placental dysfunction. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morales-Roselló
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - T Dias
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - V Fornes-Ferrer
- Data Science, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Ciammella
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Gimenez-Roca
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Perales-Marín
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Sebastiani G, Borrás-Novell C, Casanova MA, Pascual Tutusaus M, Ferrero Martínez S, Gómez Roig MD, García-Algar O. The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse on Maternal Nutritional Profile during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1008. [PMID: 30072661 PMCID: PMC6116049 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse among pregnant women has experienced a significant increase in the last decades. Suitable maternal nutritional status is crucial to maintain the optimal environment for fetal development but if consumption of alcohol or drugs of abuse disrupt the intake of nutrients, the potential teratogenic effects of these substances increase. Despite evidence of the importance of nutrition in addicted pregnant women, there is a lack of information on the effects of alcohol and drugs of abuse on maternal nutritional status; so, the focus of this review was to provide an overview on the nutritional status of addicted mothers and fetuses. Alcohol and drugs consumption can interfere with the absorption of nutrients, impairing the quality and quantity of proper nutrient and energy intake, resulting in malnutrition especially of micronutrients (vitamins, omega⁻3, folic acid, zinc, choline, iron, copper, selenium). When maternal nutritional status is compromised by alcohol and drugs of abuse the supply of essential nutrients are not available for the fetus; this can result in fetal abnormalities like Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). It is critical to find a strategy to reduce fetal physical and neurological impairment as a result of prenatal alcohol and drugs of abuse exposure combined with poor maternal nutrition. Prenatal nutrition interventions and target therapy are required that may reverse the development of such abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sebastiani
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Borrás-Novell
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Alsina Casanova
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Pascual Tutusaus
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Ferrero Martínez
- Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Gómez Roig
- Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar García-Algar
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, C/Sabino Arana 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Obladen M. Hepar uterinum: a history of ideas on fetal nutrition. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:779-786. [PMID: 28599393 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The means of fetal nutrition has been debated for over two millennia, with the controversy of oral versus parenteral nutrition already in the Corpus Hippocraticum. In 1587 Aranzio rejected connections between maternal and fetal blood vessels, and coined the term "hepar uterinum" for the placenta. From the 16th to the 18th century, a fervent debate focused on the type and extent of connection between maternal and fetal vessels, which was finally settled by Hunter's injection experiment in 1774. But up to the middle of the 19th century, an important nutritive function was attributed to amniotic fluid. When with the discovery of oxygen the placenta's respiratory function became understood, its nutritional function fell from grace. Most scientists realized reluctantly that the organ had numerous functions. As late as in the 19th century, the advent of microscopy allowed cell theory to develop, and analytical chemistry furthered the understanding of the transport of nutrients across the placenta. The identification of the syncytiotrophoblast made passive diffusion unlikely. Radioisotopes, molecular biology and the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane revealed active transport mechanisms for nearly all macronutrients.
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Król E, Krejpcio Z, Chmurzynska A. Folic acid and protein content in maternal diet and postnatal high-fat feeding affect the tissue levels of iron, zinc, and copper in the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:885-93. [PMID: 21484405 PMCID: PMC3241920 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although maternal, fetal, and placental mechanisms compensate for disturbances in the fetal environment, any nutritional inadequacies present during pregnancy may affect fetal metabolism, and their consequences may appear in later life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of maternal diet during gestation on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in the livers and kidneys of adult rats. The study was carried out on the offspring (n = 48) of mothers fed either a protein-balanced or a protein-restricted diet (18% vs. 9% casein) during pregnancy, with or without folic acid supplementation (0.005- vs. 0.002-g folic acid/kg diet). At 10 weeks of age, the offspring of each maternal group were randomly assigned to groups fed either the AIN-93G diet or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, until the end of the experiment. The levels of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the livers and kidneys were determined by the F-AAS method. It was found that postnatal exposure to the high-fat diet was associated with increased hepatic Fe levels (p < 0.001), and with decreased liver Zn and Cu contents (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), as well as with decreased renal Cu contents (p < 0.001). Moreover, the offspring's tissue mineral levels were also affected by protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet. Both prenatal protein restriction and folic acid supplementation increased the liver Zn content (p < 0.05) and the kidney Zn content (p < 0.001; p < 0.05, respectively), while folic acid supplementation resulted in a reduction in renal Cu level (p < 0.05). Summarizing, the results of this study show that maternal dietary folic acid and protein intake during pregnancy, as well as the type of postweaning diet, affect Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in the offspring of the rat. However, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are unclear, and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60–624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60–624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60–624 Poznań, Poland
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