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Serrano Heredia SM, Sánchez-Martín J, Romero Gil V, Arroyo-López FN, Benítez-Cabello A, Carrasco Jiménez E, Valero Díaz A. Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Foods 2023; 12:3718. [PMID: 37893611 PMCID: PMC10606590 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and sulphite-reducing Clostridium were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as Citrobacter gillenii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Hafnia paralvei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, and Shewanella. Three of these genera (Citrobacter, Hafnia, and Pseudomonas) were present in all types of samples analysed. The results evidenced potential transmission of microbial contamination from contaminated packaging belts and boxes, evisceration and filleting machines to flesh and viscera samples, thus the establishment of control measures should be implemented in fish farm facilities to extend the shelf-life of farmed fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salud María Serrano Heredia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Verónica Romero Gil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.N.A.-L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Antonio Benítez-Cabello
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.N.A.-L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Elena Carrasco Jiménez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Antonio Valero Díaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
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Moraes JL, de Andrade-Porto SM, Ono EA, Claudiano GDS, Affonso EG. Levamisole hydrochloride as an anthelmintic against Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in juvenile Colossoma macropomum. J Fish Dis 2023. [PMID: 37218384 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acanthocephalosis is caused by the endoparasite Neoechynorhyncus buttnerae and affects fish farmed in the Amazon. This study assessed the efficacy of therapeutic levamisole hydrochloride (LVC) baths against N. buttnerae and its effects on juvenile tambaqui blood parameters. In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out, the latter employing two experimental therapeutic LVC bath protocols. Concerning in vitro efficacy, the T75 (75 mg.L-1 LVC) and T100 (mg.L-1 LVC) treatments were 100% effective in 15 min, while the T50 (50 mg.L-1 LVC) and T25 (25 mg.L-1 LVC) treatments required parasite exposure for 45 and 60 min, respectively. During exposure, the parasites displayed reduced motility, proboscis retraction, coiling into a spiral shape, body rigidity and swelling. The LVC LC50-72h for juvenile tambaqui was 115 mg.L-1 . Regarding in vivo efficacy for Protocol I (8-h bath), the T125 resulted in 82% effectiveness, while in Protocol II (two 8-h baths with a 24-h interval), the T115 treatment (115 mg.L-1 LVC) achieved 95.6% effectiveness without clinical intoxication signs, despite behavioural changes. No significant changes were observed in fish blood parameters. LVC was, therefore, highly effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling the acanthocephalan N. buttnerae without compromising tambaqui juvenile homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lima Moraes
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Postgraduate in Aquaculture UniNilton, INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Amazonas, IFAM, Campus Maués, Maués, Brazil
| | - Sanny Maria de Andrade-Porto
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health (LASAA), Department of Fisheries Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Gusmão Affonso
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Postgraduate in Aquaculture UniNilton, INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Technology and Innovation, National Amazonia Research Institute (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
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3
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Jiménez-Casero J, Belando MD, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Marín-Guirao L, García-Muñoz R, Sánchez-Lizaso JL, Ruiz JM. A Critical Gap in Seagrass Protection: Impact of Anthropogenic Off-Shore Nutrient Discharges on Deep Posidonia oceanica Meadows. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:457. [PMID: 36771541 PMCID: PMC9921266 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean, anthropogenic pressures (specifically those involving nutrient loads) have been progressively moved to deeper off-shore areas to meet current policies dealing with the protection of marine biodiversity (e.g., European Directives). However, conservation efforts devoted to protecting Posidonia oceanica and other vulnerable marine habitats against anthropogenic pressures have dedicated very little attention to the deepest areas of these habitats. We studied the remote influence of off-shore nutrient discharge on the physiology and structure of deep P. oceanica meadows located nearest to an urban sewage outfall (WW; 1 km) and an aquaculture facility (FF; 2.5 km). Light reduction and elevated external nutrient availability (as indicated by high δ15N, total N and P content and N uptake rates of seagrass tissues) were consistent with physiological responses to light and nutrient stress. This was particularly evident in the sites located up to 2.5 km from the WW source, where carbon budget imbalances and structural alterations were more evident. These results provide evidence that anthropogenic nutrient inputs can surpass critical thresholds for the species, even in off-shore waters at distances within the km scale. Therefore, the critical distances between this priority habitat and nutrient discharge points have been underestimated and should be corrected to achieve a good conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Jiménez-Casero
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Belando
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Rocio García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
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Kapetanović D, Vardić Smrzlić I, Gavrilović A, Jug-Dujaković J, Perić L, Kazazić S, Mišić Radić T, Kolda A, Čanković M, Žunić J, Listeš E, Vukić Lušić D, Lillehaug A, Lončarević S, Pikelj K, Hengl B, Knežević D, El-Matbouli M. Characterization of Vibrio Populations from Cultured European Seabass and the Surrounding Marine Environment with Emphasis on V. anguillarum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2159. [PMID: 36363751 PMCID: PMC9695460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are widely distributed and can be potentially pathogenic to aquatic organisms. In this study, we isolated Vibrio spp. from environmental samples (seawater, sediment, and fish swabs) collected over a three-year period from a fish farm in Mali Ston Bay in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, and assess their distribution. A total of 48 seawater samples and 12 sediment samples, as well as gill and skin swabs from 110 farmed European seabass, were analysed for the presence of Vibrio. Vibrio strains were identified to the species level by MALDI TOF MS. The analysis revealed that V. alginolyticus was the predominant species in European seabass, followed by V. anguillarum. V. alginolyticus was isolated from the sediments, along with V. gigantis and V. pomeroyi, while V. chagasii, V. cyclitrophicus, V. fortis, V. gigantis, V. harveyi, V. pelagius, and V. pomeroyi were isolated from seawater. V. anguillarum was isolated only twice during two different spring seasons, once from a diseased sea bass and the second time from a healthy sea bass. We analysed these two isolates and found that they differ both genetically and in terms of resistance to antibiotics. Our results confirm the seasonality of vibriosis incidence and the presence of the pathogenic V. anguillarum, which increases the risk of vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Gavrilović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eddy Listeš
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Regional Veterinary Institute Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Kristina Pikelj
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brigita Hengl
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dražen Knežević
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1230 Wien, Austria
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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5
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Negreiros LP, Souza EX, Lima TA, Tavares-Dias M. Albendazole is effective for controlling monogenean parasites of the gills of Piaractus brachypomus (Serrasalmidae) and Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e010322. [PMID: 36383788 PMCID: PMC9901879 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Monogenean infestations can cause high mortality in farmed fish and therefore significant economic losses. The present study investigated the efficacy of albendazole in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 and Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988). For both fish, a 24 hours therapeutic bath with albendazole concentrations of 150, 300 and 500 mg/L were tested against monogeneans from the gills. The baths had an efficacy from 61.4 ± 32.9 (95%CI=64.5) against monogeneans of P. brachypomus, and from 95.4 ± 5.6 (95%CI=10.9) against monogeneans of M. macrocephalus. In P. brachypomus, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole was higher than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. The splenosomatic index (SSI) values in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole were lower than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. In M. macrocephalus, the HSI and SSI values decreased in treatments with 150, 300 and 500 mg/L of albendazole to control and treat infestations by monogeneans. For M. macrocephalus, 150 mg/L of albendazole can be used to control and treat infestations by monogeneans, while for P. brachypomus 500 mg/L of albendazole can be used in a 24 hours bath.
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6
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Jiménez-Monreal AM, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ, Murcia Tomás MA, Martínez-Tomé M. Antioxidant Activity in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) Fed with Diet Supplemented with Moringa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091423. [PMID: 34573055 PMCID: PMC8467088 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilthead seabream is bred mainly in fish farms in the Mediterranean Sea. One important factor responsible for the deterioration of fish quality is lipid oxidation. Moringa oleifera leaves have been described as having high antioxidant content. This work investigates the effect of dietary supplementation with Moringa leaves on the antioxidant activity of seabream. Gilthead seabream specimens were divided into four groups, the control group (fed a commercial diet) and three other groups fed diets enriched with Moringa (5%, 10% and 15%). The antioxidant capacity was measured by assays of free radical scavenging (OH·, H2O2, lipoperoxyl and ABTS), Rancimat test and linoleic acid system in muscle and skin of gilthead seabream, commercial diet, enriched diet and Moringa. Finally, the polyphenol content of Moringa and the fatty acid composition of seabream fed diets with and without Moringa were determined. Results showed an increase in antioxidant activity in gilthead seabream fed with diets enriched with a higher percentage of Moringa; therefore, Moringa could be considered a functional ingredient in diets for fish bred in fish farms and. The antioxidant potential of Moringa leaves could be mainly attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M. Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-887-985; Fax: +34-868-884-147
| | - Francisco A. Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.A.G.); (M.Á.E.)
| | - M. Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.A.G.); (M.Á.E.)
| | - M. Antonia Murcia Tomás
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mugetti D, Varello K, Pastorino P, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Prearo M. Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081014. [PMID: 34451479 PMCID: PMC8401025 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum, whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.
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Song JY, Kim KY, Choi SW. Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Microcotyle sebastis Isolated from Fish Farms of the Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. Korean J Parasitol 2021; 59:89-95. [PMID: 33684992 PMCID: PMC7939961 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Song
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Keun-Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Analysis, AquaGenTech Co., Ltd, Busan 48300, Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Choi
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, 53085, Korea
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9
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Muramatsu S, Kanamuro M, Sato-Takabe Y, Hirose S, Muramatsu Y, Takaichi S, Hanada S. Roseobacter cerasinus sp. nov., isolated from a fish farm. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4920-4926. [PMID: 32730197 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An obligate aerobic and bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacterium, designated strain AI77T, was isolated from a fish farm in Uwa Sea, Japan. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, coccoid- to oval-shaped, and showed no motility. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AI77T is a member of the genus Roseobacter and closely related to Roseobacter ponti MM-7T (97.8 %), Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114T (97.3 %) and Roseobacter litoralis OCh 149T (97.3 %). The G+C content of strain AI77T was 61.0 mol%. The average amino acid identity values of the genome in strain AI77T with those in R. denitrificans OCh 114T and R. litoralis OCh 149T were 73.26 % (SD 16.46) and 72.63 % (SD 16.76), respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain AI77T with the type strains R. denitrificans OCh 114T and R. litoralis OCh 149T were 18.70 and 18.50 %, respectively. The dominant fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) of AI77T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and saturated fatty acid C16 : 0. The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on the genetic and phenotypic data obtained herein, we conclude that strain AI77T represents a new species of the genus Roseobacter, for which we propose the name Roseobacter cerasinus sp. nov.; the type strain is AI77T (=DSM 110091T=NBRC 114115T).
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Affiliation(s)
- So Muramatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masataka Kanamuro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato-Takabe
- Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Setsuko Hirose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuki Muramatsu
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Objectives: Aquaculture encompasses a variety of species in both freshwater and marine settings and can combine elements of agriculture and fishing, two recognized hazardous occupations. Efforts are underway to expand the aquaculture sector in the United States (U.S.), and should be informed by occupational safety and health (OSH) research. The objectives of this review paper are to: i) describe the U.S. aquaculture sector, ii) summarize statistics, peer-reviewed studies, and reports focused on U.S. aquaculture OSH, and iii) describe the policy landscape specific to U.S. aquaculture OSH.Methods: Literature searches employed databases and Internet search engines to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and other resources. Due to the expected U.S. expansion of marine aquaculture and paucity of peer-reviewed U.S.-based OSH literature in this sector, additional searches for international research on marine aquaculture were conducted.Results: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated high rates of illness and injury among U.S. aquaculture workers in 2014 and 2015. Peer-reviewed literature on aquaculture OSH identified numerous physical, chemical, and biological OSH risks depending on production methods and settings. Significant policy gaps exist regarding U.S. aquaculture OSH surveillance, reporting, and regulation.Conclusion: This review identifies a critical need for research, surveillance, and best practices information, specific to the major types of aquaculture in the U.S., to augment and inform worker safety and health efforts in this expanding sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin A Ceryes
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill M Voorhees
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Nancy A Barnes
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Barnes
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
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11
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Roalkvam I, Drønen K, Dahle H, Wergeland HI. Microbial Communities in a Flow-Through Fish Farm for Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus L.) During Healthy Rearing Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1594. [PMID: 31354681 PMCID: PMC6640156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumpfish can efficiently remove sea lice from Atlantic salmon in net-pens, and production of lumpfish in closed fish farms is a new, fast developing industry in Norway. However, periodic outbreaks of bacterial diseases in the fish farms represent a large problem, both economically and ethically. Therefore it is important to obtain a better understanding of how microbial communities develop in these production facilities. Knowledge on the characteristics of microbial communities associated with healthy fish could also enable detection of changes associated with disease outbreaks at an early stage. In this study we have monitored microbial communities in a fish farm for lumpfish during normal operational conditions with no disease outbreak by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The study involved weekly samplings of water and biofilms from fish tanks, and fish. The results revealed that the microbial communities in fish tank water were different from the intake water. The water and biofilm in fish tanks were highly similar in regards to microbial community members, but with large differences in relative abundances for some taxa. The sampled fish were associated with mostly the same taxa as in tank water and biofilm, but more variation in relative abundances of different taxonomic groups occurred. The microbial communities in the fish farm seemed stable over time, and were dominated by marine bacteria and archaea within Alphaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Sphingobacteriia, and Verrucomicrobiae (>10% relative abundance). Bacterial genera known to include fish-pathogenic strains were detected in all types of sample materials, but with low relative abundances (<5%). Exceptions were some samples of fish, biofilm and water with high relative abundance of Tenacibaculum (<85.8%) and Moritella (<82%). In addition, some of the eggs had a high relative abundance of Tenacibaculum (<89.5%). Overall, this study shows that a stable microbial community dominated by various genera of non-pathogenic bacteria is associated with a healthy environment for rearing lumpfish. Taxa with pathogenic members were also part of the microbial communities during healthy conditions, but the stable non-pathogenic bacteria may limit their growth and thereby prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Roalkvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karine Drønen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Dahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Groner ML, Rogers LA, Bateman AW, Connors BM, Frazer LN, Godwin SC, Krkošek M, Lewis MA, Peacock SJ, Rees EE, Revie CW, Schlägel UE. Lessons from sea louse and salmon epidemiology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0203. [PMID: 26880836 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective disease management can benefit from mathematical models that identify drivers of epidemiological change and guide decision-making. This is well illustrated in the host-parasite system of sea lice and salmon, which has been modelled extensively due to the economic costs associated with sea louse infections on salmon farms and the conservation concerns associated with sea louse infections on wild salmon. Consequently, a rich modelling literature devoted to sea louse and salmon epidemiology has been developed. We provide a synthesis of the mathematical and statistical models that have been used to study the epidemiology of sea lice and salmon. These studies span both conceptual and tactical models to quantify the effects of infections on host populations and communities, describe and predict patterns of transmission and dispersal, and guide evidence-based management of wild and farmed salmon. As aquaculture production continues to increase, advances made in modelling sea louse and salmon epidemiology should inform the sustainable management of marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Groner
- Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Luke A Rogers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Andrew W Bateman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, British Columbia, Canada V0P 1S0
| | - Brendan M Connors
- Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, British Columbia, Canada V0P 1S0 ESSA Technologies Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3H4 School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - L Neil Frazer
- Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, British Columbia, Canada V0P 1S0 Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Sean C Godwin
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Martin Krkošek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, British Columbia, Canada V0P 1S0
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Stephanie J Peacock
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Erin E Rees
- Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Ulrike E Schlägel
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
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13
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Iliev I, Marhova M, Gochev V, Tsankova M, Trifonova S. Antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative benthic bacteria isolated from the sediments of Kardzhali Dam (Bulgaria). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:274-280. [PMID: 26019641 PMCID: PMC4433961 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.998160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to carry out a preliminary assessment for the occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to frequently used antibiotics in the sediments beneath the sturgeon cage farm in Kardzhali Dam (Bulgaria). Samples were taken from the top 2 cm of sediments under a fish farm and from a control station in the aquatory of the reservoir in the period July–October 2011. Surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents was performed for 160 Gram-negative strains (Pseudomonas mandelii – 100 strains; Hafnia alvei – 30 strains; and Raoultella ornithinolytica – 30 strains). No significant differences in the resistance to the tested antibiotics were observed between the strains isolated from the two stations (analysis of variance, P > 0.05). Widespread resistance to penicillins and certain cephalosporin antibiotics was observed in both stations. None of the studied strains showed resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin, or to ciprofloxacin. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined for five of the tested antimicrobial agents by the microdilution antibiotic sensitivity assay. The data indicate that amikacin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin effectively suppress the growth of the tested micro-organisms. The isolates from genus Pseudomonas showed the highest MIC and were characterized by the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Marhova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Marinela Tsankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Sonya Trifonova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
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