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Saito H, Sasaki M, Nonaka Y, Tanaka J, Tokunaga T, Kato A, Thuy TTT, Vang LV, Tuong LM, Kanematsu S, Suzuki T, Kurauchi K, Fujita N, Teraoka T, Komatsu K, Arie T. Spray Application of Nonpathogenic Fusaria onto Rice Flowers Controls Bakanae Disease (Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) in the Next Plant Generation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e01959-20. [PMID: 33158893 PMCID: PMC7783350 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01959-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is an economically important seed-borne disease of rice. F. fujikuroi is horizontally transmitted to rice flowers and vertically transmitted to the next generation via seeds. The fungus induces typical symptoms such as abnormal tissue elongation and etiolation. Sanitation of seed farms and seed disinfection are the only effective means to control bakanae disease at present; however, the efficacy of these methods is often insufficient. Therefore, alternative and innovative control methods are necessary. We developed a novel method for applying nonpathogenic fusaria as biocontrol agents by spraying spore suspensions onto rice flowers to reduce the incidence of seed-borne bakanae. We visualized the interaction between Fusarium commune W5, a nonpathogenic fusarium, and Fusarium fujikuroi using transformants expressing two different fluorescent proteins on/in rice plants. W5 inhibited hyphal extension of F. fujikuroi on/in rice flowers and seedlings, possibly by competing with the pathogen, and survived on/in rice seeds for at least 6 months.IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that a spray treatment of rice flowers with the spores of nonpathogenic fusaria mimicked the disease cycle of the seed-borne bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi and effectively suppressed the disease. Spray treatment of nonpathogenic fusaria reduced the degree of pathogen invasion of rice flowers and vertical transmission of the pathogen to the next plant generation via seeds, thereby controlling the bakanae disease. The most promising isolate, F. commune W5, colonized seeds and seedlings via treated flowers and successfully inhibited pathogen invasion, suggesting that competition with the pathogen was the mode of action. Seed-borne diseases are often controlled by seed treatment with chemical fungicides. Establishing an alternative method is a pressing issue from the perspectives of limiting fungicide resistance and increasing food security. This work provides a potential solution to these issues using a novel application technique to treat rice flowers with biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Sasaki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nonaka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanaka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tran Thi Thu Thuy
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Vang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Le Minh Tuong
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Seiji Kanematsu
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Suzuki
- Miyagi Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurauchi
- Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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