1
|
Shakeel Q, Mubeen M, Sohail MA, Ali S, Iftikhar Y, Tahir Bajwa R, Aqueel MA, Upadhyay SK, Divvela PK, Zhou L. An explanation of the mystifying bakanae disease narrative for tomorrow's rice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153437. [PMID: 37143531 PMCID: PMC10151534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice production is severely hampered by the bakanae disease (Fusarium fujikuroi), formerly recognized as Fusarium moniliforme. F. moniliforme was called the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) because it was later discovered that it had some separate species. The FFSC's constituents are also well recognized for producing phytohormones, which include auxins, cytokinin, and gibberellins (GAs). The normal symptoms of bakanae disease in rice are exacerbated by GAs. The members of the FFSC are responsible for the production of fumonisin (FUM), fusarins, fusaric acid, moniliformin, and beauvericin. These are harmful to both human and animal health. This disease is common around the world and causes significant yield losses. Numerous secondary metabolites, including the plant hormone gibberellin, which causes classic bakanae symptoms, are produced by F. fujikuroi. The strategies for managing bakanae, including the utilization of host resistance, chemical compounds, biocontrol agents, natural goods, and physical approaches, have been reviewed in this study. Bakanae disease is still not entirely preventable, despite the adoption of many different tactics that have been used to manage it. The benefits and drawbacks of these diverse approaches are discussed by the authors. The mechanisms of action of the main fungicides as well as the strategies for resistance to them are outlined. The information compiled in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the bakanae disease and the development of a more effective management plan for it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Shakeel
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Yasir Iftikhar
| | - Rabia Tahir Bajwa
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anjum Aqueel
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sudhir K. Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhou
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao K, Liu L, Huang S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the bZIP Transcription Factor Family in Rice Bakanae Disease Pathogen, Fusarium fujikuroi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126658. [PMID: 35743103 PMCID: PMC9223689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins play a vital role in biological processes such as growth, biotic/abiotic stress responses, nutrient utilization, and invasion. In this study, genome-wide identification of bZIP genes in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, the pathogen of bakanae disease, was carried out. Forty-four genes encoding bZIP transcription factors (TFs) from the genome of F. fujikuroi (FfbZIP) were identified and functionally characterized. Structures, domains, and phylogenetic relationships of the sequences were analyzed by bioinformatic approaches. Based on the phylogenetic relationships with the FfbZIP proteins of eight other fungi, the bZIP genes can be divided into six groups (A–F). The additional conserved motifs have been identified and their possible functions were predicted. To analyze functions of the bZIP genes, 11 FfbZIPs were selected according to different motifs they contained and were knocked out by genetic recombination. Results of the characteristic studies revealed that these FfbZIPs were involved in oxygen stress, osmotic stress, cell wall selection pressure, cellulose utilization, cell wall penetration, and pathogenicity. In conclusion, this study enhanced understandings of the evolution and regulatory mechanism of the FfbZIPs in fungal growth, abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and pathogenicity, which could be the reference for other fungal bZIP studies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SB, Kim N, Jo S, Hur YJ, Lee JY, Cho JH, Lee JH, Kang JW, Song YC, Bombay M, Kim SR, Lee J, Seo YS, Ko JM, Park DS. Mapping of a Major QTL, qBK1Z, for Bakanae Disease Resistance in Rice. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10030434. [PMID: 33668736 PMCID: PMC7996363 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bakanae disease is a fungal disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by the pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi (also known as Fusarium fujikuroi). This study was carried out to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from an indica variety Zenith. We performed a QTL mapping using 180 F2:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the resistant variety, Zenith, and the susceptible variety, Ilpum. A primary QTL study using the genotypes and phenotypes of the RILs indicated that the locus qBK1z conferring bakanae disease resistance from the Zenith was located in a 2.8 Mb region bordered by the two RM (Rice Microsatellite) markers, RM1331 and RM3530 on chromosome 1. The log of odds (LOD) score of qBK1z was 13.43, accounting for 30.9% of the total phenotypic variation. A finer localization of qBK1z was delimited at an approximate 730 kb interval in the physical map between Chr01_1435908 (1.43 Mbp) and RM10116 (2.16 Mbp). Introducing qBK1z or pyramiding with other previously identified QTLs could provide effective genetic control of bakanae disease in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sais-Beul Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (N.K.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Sumin Jo
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Yeon-Jae Hur
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Ji-Youn Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Jun-Hyeon Cho
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Ju-Won Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - You-Chun Song
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Maurene Bombay
- International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.B.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Sung-Ryul Kim
- International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.B.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Jungkwan Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Pusan 49135, Korea;
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (N.K.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Min Ko
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
| | - Dong-Soo Park
- National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 50424, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (S.J.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-W.K.); (Y.-C.S.); (J.-M.K.)
- International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.B.); (S.-R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-530-1184
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saito H, Sasaki M, Nonaka Y, Tanaka J, Tokunaga T, Kato A, Thuy TTT, Vang LV, Tuong LM, Kanematsu S, Suzuki T, Kurauchi K, Fujita N, Teraoka T, Komatsu K, Arie T. Spray Application of Nonpathogenic Fusaria onto Rice Flowers Controls Bakanae Disease (Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) in the Next Plant Generation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e01959-20. [PMID: 33158893 PMCID: PMC7783350 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01959-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is an economically important seed-borne disease of rice. F. fujikuroi is horizontally transmitted to rice flowers and vertically transmitted to the next generation via seeds. The fungus induces typical symptoms such as abnormal tissue elongation and etiolation. Sanitation of seed farms and seed disinfection are the only effective means to control bakanae disease at present; however, the efficacy of these methods is often insufficient. Therefore, alternative and innovative control methods are necessary. We developed a novel method for applying nonpathogenic fusaria as biocontrol agents by spraying spore suspensions onto rice flowers to reduce the incidence of seed-borne bakanae. We visualized the interaction between Fusarium commune W5, a nonpathogenic fusarium, and Fusarium fujikuroi using transformants expressing two different fluorescent proteins on/in rice plants. W5 inhibited hyphal extension of F. fujikuroi on/in rice flowers and seedlings, possibly by competing with the pathogen, and survived on/in rice seeds for at least 6 months.IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that a spray treatment of rice flowers with the spores of nonpathogenic fusaria mimicked the disease cycle of the seed-borne bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi and effectively suppressed the disease. Spray treatment of nonpathogenic fusaria reduced the degree of pathogen invasion of rice flowers and vertical transmission of the pathogen to the next plant generation via seeds, thereby controlling the bakanae disease. The most promising isolate, F. commune W5, colonized seeds and seedlings via treated flowers and successfully inhibited pathogen invasion, suggesting that competition with the pathogen was the mode of action. Seed-borne diseases are often controlled by seed treatment with chemical fungicides. Establishing an alternative method is a pressing issue from the perspectives of limiting fungicide resistance and increasing food security. This work provides a potential solution to these issues using a novel application technique to treat rice flowers with biocontrol agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Sasaki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nonaka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanaka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tran Thi Thu Thuy
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Vang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Le Minh Tuong
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Seiji Kanematsu
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Suzuki
- Miyagi Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurauchi
- Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CY, Chen SY, Liu CW, Wu DH, Kuo CC, Lin CC, Chou HP, Wang YY, Tsai YC, Lai MH, Chung CL. Invasion and Colonization Pattern of Fusarium fujikuroi in Rice. Phytopathology 2020; 110:1934-1945. [PMID: 32689901 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-20-0068-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves, development of adventitious roots, a larger leaf angle, and even death. Little is known about the infection, colonization, and distribution of Fusarium fujikuroi in rice plants across different growth stages. In this study, microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR were combined to investigate the pathogenesis of bakanae, using artificially inoculated seedlings of a susceptible rice cultivar, Zerawchanica karatals (ZK), a resistant cultivar, Tainung 67 (TNG67), naturally infected adult field plants (cultivars Kaohsiung 139, Taikeng 2, and Tainan 11), and an F. fujikuroi isolate expressing green fluorescent protein. In rice seedlings, F. fujikuroi hyphae were found to directly penetrate the epidermis of basal stems and roots, then extend inter- and intracellularly to invade the vascular bundles. Occlusion of vascular bundles and radial hyphal expansion from vascular bundles to surrounding parenchyma were observed in adult plants. Analysis of consecutive 3-cm segments of the whole plant revealed that F. fujikuroi was largely confined to the embryo, basal stem, and basal roots in seedlings, and distributed unevenly in the lower aerial parts (including nodes and internodes) of adult plants. The elongation and development of adventitious roots did not necessarily correlate with the amount of F. fujikuroi in diseased plants. Treatment of rice seeds with gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) at 0.5 mg/liter resulted in significantly more elongation of ZK than TNG67 seedlings, suggesting that the susceptibility of ZK to bakanae is associated with its higher sensitivity to GA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yi Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hong Wu
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 189, Chung-Cheng Road, Wufeng, Taichung City 41203, Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Kuo
- Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 370, Song Hwai Road, Tatsuen Hsiang, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 675, Chunghua Rd., Sec. 1, Taitung City 95055, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ping Chou
- Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Wang
- Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tsai
- Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Lai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 189, Chung-Cheng Road, Wufeng, Taichung City 41203, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang DY, Cheon KS, Oh J, Oh H, Kim SL, Kim N, Lee E, Choi I, Baek J, Kim KH, Chung NJ, Ji H. Rice Genome Resequencing Reveals a Major Quantitative Trait Locus for Resistance to Bakanae Disease Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2598. [PMID: 31137840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bakanae disease (BD), caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, has become a serious threat in rice-cultivating regions worldwide. In the present study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed using F2 and F3 plants derived after crossing a BD-resistant and a BD-susceptible Korean japonica rice variety, ‘Samgwang’ and ‘Junam’, respectively. Resequencing of ‘Junam’ and ‘Samgwang’ genomes revealed 151,916 DNA polymorphisms between the two varieties. After genotyping 188 F2 plants, we constructed a genetic map comprising 184 markers, including 175 kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers, eight cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and a derived CAPS (dCAPS) marker. The degree of BD susceptibility of each F2 plant was evaluated on the basis of the mortality rate measured with corresponding F3 progeny seedlings by in vitro screening. Consequently, qFfR9, a major QTL, was discovered at 30.1 centimorgan (cM) on chromosome 9 with a logarithm of the odds score of 60.3. For the QTL interval, 95% probability lay within a 7.24–7.56 Mbp interval. In this interval, we found that eight genes exhibited non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by comparing the ‘Junam’ and ‘Samgwang’ genome sequence data, and are possibly candidate genes for qFfR9; therefore, qFfR9 could be utilized as a valuable resource for breeding BD-resistant rice varieties.
Collapse
|
7
|
Siciliano I, Amaral Carneiro G, Spadaro D, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. Jasmonic Acid, Abscisic Acid, and Salicylic Acid Are Involved in the Phytoalexin Responses of Rice to Fusarium fujikuroi, a High Gibberellin Producer Pathogen. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8134-42. [PMID: 26323788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of bakanae disease, is the main seedborne pathogen on rice. To understand the basis of rice resistance, a quantitative method to simultaneously detect phytohormones and phytoalexins was developed by using HPLC-MS/MS. With this method dynamic profiles and possible interactions of defense-related phytohormones and phytoalexins were investigated on two rice cultivars, inoculated or not with F. fujikuroi. In the resistant cultivar Selenio, the presence of pathogen induced high production of phytoalexins, mainly sakuranetin, and symptoms of bakanae were not observed. On the contrary, in the susceptible genotype Dorella, the pathogen induced the production of gibberellin and abscisic acid and inhibited jasmonic acid production, phytoalexins were very low, and bakanae symptoms were observed. The results suggested that a wide range of secondary metabolites are involved in plant defense against pathogens and phytoalexin synthesis could be an important factor for rice resistance against bakanae disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Siciliano
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA) and ‡Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino , Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Greice Amaral Carneiro
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA) and ‡Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino , Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA) and ‡Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino , Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Garibaldi
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA) and ‡Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino , Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA) and ‡Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino , Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cruz A, Marín P, González-Jaén MT, Aguilar KGI, Cumagun CJR. Phylogenetic analysis, fumonisin production and pathogenicity of Fusarium fujikuroi strains isolated from rice in the Philippines. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3032-3039. [PMID: 23512704 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg is a maize and rice pathogen causing important agricultural losses and produces fumonisins - mycotoxins which pose health risk to humans and farm animals. However, little information is available about the phylogenetics of this species and its ability to produce fumonisins in rice. We studied 32 strains isolated from rice in the Philippines and performed a phylogenetic analysis using the partial sequence of Elongation Factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) including isolates belonging to closely related species. Fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) production was analyzed in 7-day-old cultures grown in fumonisin-inducing medium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method and by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers for FUM1 gene, a key gene in fumonisin biosynthesis. RESULTS Nucleotide diversities per site (π) were 0.00024 ± 0.00022 (standard deviation) for the 32 F. fujikuroi strains from the Philippines and 0.00189 ± 0.00143 for all 34 F. fujikuroi strains, respectively. F. fujikuroi isolates grouped into one cluster separated from the rest of isolates belonging to the closely related F. proliferatum and showed very low variability, irrespective of their geographic origin. The cluster containing strains of F. proliferatum showed higher intraspecific variability than F. fujikuroi. Thirteen of the 32 strains analyzed were FB1 producers (40.62%), with production ranging from 0.386 to 223.83 ppm. All isolates analyzed showed FUM1 gene expression above 1 and higher than the CT value of the non-template control sample. Both seedling stunting and elongation were induced by the isolates in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION F. fujikuroi are distinct from F. proliferatum isolates based on phytogenetic analysis and are potential fumonisin producers because all are positive for FUM1 gene expression. No relationship between fumonisin production and pathogenicity could be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cruz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|