1
|
Mistrick J, Veitch JSM, Kitchen SM, Clague S, Newman BC, Hall RJ, Budischak SA, Forbes KM, Craft ME. Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild rodent populations. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38415301 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behaviour and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife. Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) are a tractable study system to investigate spatial patterns of wildlife and are amenable to experimental manipulations. We conducted a replicated, factorial field experiment in which we provided supplementary food and removed helminths in vole populations in natural forest habitat and monitored vole space use and spatial overlap using capture-mark-recapture methods. Using network analysis, we quantified vole space use and spatial overlap. We compared the effects of food supplementation and helminth removal and investigated the impacts of season, sex and reproductive status on space use and spatial overlap. We found that food supplementation decreased vole space use while helminth removal increased space use. Space use also varied by sex, reproductive status and season. Spatial overlap was similar between treatments despite up to threefold differences in population size. By quantifying the spatial effects of food availability and macroparasite infection on wildlife populations, we demonstrate the potential for space use and population density to trade-off and maintain consistent spatial overlap in wildlife populations. This has important implications for spatial processes in wildlife including pathogen transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mistrick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jasmine S M Veitch
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Shannon M Kitchen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Samuel Clague
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Brent C Newman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Richard J Hall
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Budischak
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Kristian M Forbes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koffi DY, Konan AG, Koné VB, N'krumah RT, Coulibaly ID, Kaloga M, Kreppel K, Haydon D, Utzinger J, Bonfoh B. Accelerating the healing of hard-to-heal wounds with food supplements: nutritional analysis in the Côte d'Ivoire. J Wound Care 2023; 32:cci-ccx. [PMID: 37830803 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.sup10.cci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hard-to-heal wounds are an important, yet often neglected, public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Malnutrition has been identified as a risk factor for prolonged healing times. However, nutritional supplements are not routinely provided for patients with hard-to-heal wounds, and so this study aimed to investigate their benefits. METHOD This 9-month study was conducted in the Taabo Health and Demographic Surveillance System in the south-central part of Côte d'Ivoire. Patients with wounds (≥30mm2) were recruited. Treatment was standardised for inpatients (72%) and outpatients (28%). There were three intervention groups: supplemented with soy; orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP); or both. Another group was included without supplement, serving as control. General linear models were employed to assess the effects of log initial wound size, type of wound, food treatment group, haemoglobin, sex, age, place of treatment and body mass index on the rate of wound closure. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 56 patients, 41 of whom were placed in intervention groups, and the remainder as controls. Within the cohort, 37 (66%) patients suffered from Buruli ulcer, 15 (27%) from traumatic wounds and four (7%) from erysipelas. We found a significant effect (p=0.004) of diet supplemented with OFSP on the wound healing rate. CONCLUSION OFSP is a nutritional rehabilitation supplement, characterised by a high content of beta-carotene and carbohydrates. It is associated with shortened wound healing times, reduced discomfort and reduced cost of wound care. Further research should investigate the effect of a diet rich in beta-carotene, in combination with standard medical care, on hard-to-heal wound healing in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Y Koffi
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Ulcère de Buruli, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Amoin G Konan
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Valentin B Koné
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Raymond T N'krumah
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biologie, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ismael Dognimin Coulibaly
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sociologie, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mamadou Kaloga
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Ulcère de Buruli, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Katharina Kreppel
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, UK
- Ifakara Health Institute Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Daniel Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moslemi M, Jannat B, Mahmoudzadeh M, Ghasemlou M, Abedi A. Detoxification activity of bioactive food compounds against ethanol-induced injuries and hangover symptoms: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5028-5040. [PMID: 37701198 PMCID: PMC10494618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a popular activity among adolescents in many countries, largely due to its pleasant, relaxing effects. As a major concern, ethanol consumption put the drinkers at risk of nutrients' deficiency due to the disordered eating, anorexia, and malabsorption of nutrients. Moreover, alcohol drinking may lead to the development of hangover symptoms including diarrhea, thirsty, fatigue, and oxidative stress. A broad range of functional food components with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties including pectin, aloe vera polysaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, and other herbal components have been explored due to their detoxification effects against ethanol. The underlying anti-hangover mechanisms include reducing the intestinal absorption of ethanol or its metabolites, increasing the activity of ethanol metabolizing enzymes, development of fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria, inhibition of inflammatory response, blocking the target receptors of ethanol in the body, and possession of antioxidant activity under the oxidative stress developed by ethanol consumption. Therefore, the development of bioactive food-based therapeutic formula can assist clinicians and also drinkers in the alleviation of alcohol side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moslemi
- Halal Research Center of IRIMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRIMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of ScienceSTEM College, RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Abdol‐Samad Abedi
- Department of Research Deputy, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jang HH, Hwang IG, Lee YM. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation on blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207751. [PMID: 37649528 PMCID: PMC10463756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants. Results A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65). Discussion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Practical Science Education, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kotepui M, Wilairatana P, Mala W, Kotepui KU, Masangkay FR, Wangdi K. Effects of Daily Zinc Alone or in Combination with Other Nutrient Supplements on the Risk of Malaria Parasitaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:2855. [PMID: 37447182 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation has been explored as a potential intervention to reduce the risk of malaria parasitaemia in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, inconsistent evidence has been obtained regarding the efficacy of zinc supplementation in the context of malaria prevention. This systematic review was implemented to survey the existing literature to determine the effects of the daily oral administration of zinc, either alone or in combination with other nutrient supplements, on the risk of malaria parasitaemia. The systematic review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database CRD42023424345 and followed PRISMA protocols. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, from their inception until 6 May 2023. The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 (RoB 2). The effect sizes, represented as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were standardised by transforming them into log RRs and then pooling them using a fixed-effects or random-effects model depending on the heterogeneity across studies. Comparisons were made between individuals who received zinc alone or zinc in combination with other micronutrient supplements and those who did not receive zinc. A total of 1339 articles were identified through the database searches, and after the screening and selection process, 10 studies were included in the final synthesis. The meta-analysis revealed that zinc supplementation alone did not significantly affect the risk of malaria parasitaemia compared with placebo (p = 0.30, log RR = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.05-0.15, I2 = 0.00%, with 566 malaria cases in the zinc intake group and 521 malaria cases in the placebo group). However, the analysis demonstrated a borderline significant effect of zinc supplementation in combination with other micronutrients on the risk of malaria parasitaemia compared with placebo (p = 0.05, log RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.03-2.59, I2 = 99.22%, with 8904 malaria cases in the zinc intake group and 522 malaria cases in the placebo group). The findings of this systematic review indicate that zinc supplementation, either alone or combined with the supplementation of other micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron, or multiple nutrients, does not significantly alter the risk of malaria parasitaemia. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore the potential effects of multi-nutrient supplementation and to identify more specific micronutrients and additional factors associated with the risk of malaria, rather than just zinc alone, among individuals in different malaria-endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanida Mala
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernández-Lepe MA, Miranda-Gil MI, Valbuena-Gregorio E, Olivas-Aguirre FJ. Exercise Programs Combined with Diet Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081998. [PMID: 37111217 PMCID: PMC10142564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and frequent syndrome among older adults highly related to physical inactivity and malnutrition. Nowadays, it is considered a pathology that triggers multiple health complications associated with the loss of muscle mass, strength, autonomy, and quality of life. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise programs combined with dietary supplementation on body composition as the primary outcome. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the elements considered for planning a systematic review by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the search was performed in the Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases for the last 10 years. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Regular resistance exercise together with daily essential amino acids or whey protein and vitamin D supplementation improve the maintenance or gains in appendiceal/skeletal muscle mass and total lean mass in sarcopenic older adults. The data suggest a synergistic effect not only on the primary outcome, but also on other variables such as strength, speed, stability, and other indicators of quality of life. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022344284.
Collapse
|
7
|
Scherler P, Witczak S, Aebischer A, van Bergen V, Catitti B, Grüebler MU. Determinants of departure to natal dispersal across an elevational gradient in a long-lived raptor species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9603. [PMID: 36694544 PMCID: PMC9842906 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attributes of natal habitat often affect early stages of natal dispersal. Thus, environmental gradients at mountain slopes are expected to result in gradients of dispersal behavior and to drive elevational differences in dispersal distances and settlement behavior. However, covariation of environmental factors across elevational gradients complicates the identification of mechanisms underlying the elevational patterns in dispersal behavior. Assuming a decreasing food availability with elevation, we conducted a food supplementation experiment of red kite (Milvus milvus) broods across an elevational gradient toward the upper range margin and we GPS-tagged nestlings to assess their start of dispersal. While considering timing of breeding and breeding density across elevation, this allowed disentangling effects of elevational food gradients from co-varying environmental gradients on the age at departure from the natal home range. We found an effect of food supplementation on age at departure, but no elevational gradient in the effect of food supplementation. Similarly, we found an effect of breeding density on departure age without an underlying elevational gradient. Supplementary-fed juveniles and females in high breeding densities departed at younger age than control juveniles and males in low breeding densities. We only found an elevational gradient in the timing of breeding. Late hatched juveniles, and thus individuals at high elevation, departed at earlier age compared to early hatched juveniles. We conclude that favorable natal food conditions, allow for a young departure age of juvenile red kites. We show that the elevational delay in breeding is compensated by premature departure resulting in an elevational gradient in departure age. Thus, elevational differences in dispersal behaviour likely arise due to climatic factors affecting timing of breeding. However, the results also suggest that spatial differences in food availability and breeding density affect dispersal behavior and that their large-scale gradients within the distributional range might result in differential natal dispersal patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Scherler
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stephanie Witczak
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Benedetta Catitti
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonçalves BDA, Lima LCP, Aguiar LM. Diet diversity and seasonality of robust capuchins (Sapajus sp.) in a tiny urban forest. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23396. [PMID: 35661391 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Capuchins are omnivorous neotropical primates that can survive in urban forests by supplementing their diet with human foods. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of these resources on their diet diversity and feeding seasonality. We aimed to assess the patterns of foraging, feeding, and diet diversity of urban capuchins (Sapajus sp.) that live in a tiny urban forest in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, where humans frequently feed them. We predicted that forest degradation and human foods could decrease diet diversity, though capuchins may, conversely, reduce their selectivity and expand their food repertoire. We followed the animals from dawn to dusk between May 2018 and April 2019 to list and quantify the species and items consumed. We used diversity indexes and cluster analysis to understand similarities and differences in the diet composition over the study period. We recorded 58 plant species (being 14 exotics) consumed by the monkeys, and nonconventional items, with low diet diversity overall. The diet consisted mainly of plants (69.8%), animal matter (20.6%), and processed foods (9.5%). Capuchins consumed more food from the anthropic environment (57.5%) than from the forest (42.4%), while their food from the forest included more invertebrates (47.8%) than fruits (40%). The cluster analysis showed two main groups of feeding months, in accordance with the seasons of high and low food production in local forests. Monkeys did not vary the frequencies of foraging or feeding between seasons, probably due to the omnipresent availability of human foods. Despite the high consumption of human foods, capuchins responded to the seasonality of the forest, expanding their feeding diversity in the drier period. Future studies should analyze the correspondence between food consumption and local phenology, as well as the potential role of capuchins as seed dispersers in this depauperate community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de Araújo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Laura Cristina Pires Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Majchrzak YN, Peers MJL, Studd EK, Menzies AK, Walker PD, Shiratsuru S, McCaw LK, Boonstra R, Humphries M, Jung TS, Kenney AJ, Krebs CJ, Murray DL, Boutin S. Balancing food acquisition and predation risk drives demographic changes in snowshoe hare population cycles. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:981-991. [PMID: 35148018 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snowshoe hare cycles are one of the most prominent phenomena in ecology. Experimental studies point to predation as the dominant driving factor, but previous experiments combining food supplementation and predator removal produced unexplained multiplicative effects on density. We examined the potential interactive effects of food limitation and predation in causing hare cycles using an individual-based food-supplementation experiment over-winter across three cycle phases that naturally varied in predation risk. Supplementation doubled over-winter survival with the largest effects occurring in the late increase phase. Although the proximate cause of mortality was predation, supplemented hares significantly decreased foraging time and selected for conifer habitat, potentially reducing their predation risk. Supplemented hares also lost less body mass which resulted in the production of larger leverets. Our results establish a mechanistic link between how foraging time, mass loss and predation risk affect survival and reproduction, potentially driving demographic changes associated with hare cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine N Majchrzak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J L Peers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily K Studd
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allyson K Menzies
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip D Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shotaro Shiratsuru
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura K McCaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas S Jung
- Department of Environment, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.,Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alice J Kenney
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dennis L Murray
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oliveira TS, de Lima Silva V, Assunção LS, de Jesus Freitas T, Machado BAS, Otero DM, Nunes IL, de Castro Almeida RC, Ribeiro CDF, Druzian JI. A Patent Data Analysis in Nanotechnology Applied to Essential Oils. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2022; 16:92-106. [PMID: 33596814 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210217090541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) are natural substances that serve as sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE This objective is to understand intellectual property related to patent documents on EOs and nanotechnology. METHODS The nanotechnology growth curve applied to EOs demonstrated that the period from 2015 to 2017 was the most prominent, with a peak in 2016. China is the dominant country, mainly through research developed in the academic area. RESULTS The food industry area had the highest number of patents filed, highlighting the preservation line. Ginger essential oil, chitosan and Tween 80 were preferentially used as a core, wall material, and emulsifier, respectively. In the market, the use of EOs is more associated with the pharmaceutical/ cosmetics industry. In addition, the food industry market bets more on products based on hemp oil nanocapsules. CONCLUSION EO nanotechnology is promising for the development of sustainable food systems. However, this nanotechnology in Brazil has not yet advanced enough in the food industry, although there are government incentives that may change this paradigm in the future. The profile of the patent documents and the products in the market differ between the application and the types of oils. In addition, there is a gap between the volume of patent documents investigated and the transfer of technology to the commercial sector, but this constitution could be better explored, given the properties of EOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tainara Santos Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Lima Silva
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- National Service of Industrial Learning, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical's Formulations, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems, (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hossain MI, Huq S, Ahmed T. Changes in Nutritional Status and Morbidities Among Children Having Severe Acute Malnutrition Attending a Nutrition Follow-Up Unit in Bangladesh Who Did Not Receive Any Food Supplementation. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 42:399-405. [PMID: 34212780 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211028545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among <5 years old (U-5) children in Bangladesh is awful with higher risk of death or morbidities. However, there is no nationwide program where these children are managed with take-home therapeutic/supplementary food as recommended by World Health Organization. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the changes in nutritional status and morbidities over 3 months of U-5 children having severe wasting (ie, SAM) whose parents refused to admit their children in the residential nutrition rehabilitation unit of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr, b, instead attended the nutrition follow-up unit (NFU), and thus did not receive any food supplementation during nutritional rehabilitation. METHODS At the NFU, these SAM children on every visit (fortnightly to monthly) received health and nutrition education, multivitamins, zinc and iron supplements, and treatment of illnesses if any. RESULTS During the study period, a total 180 U-5 SAM children came regularly for NFU visit for at least 3 months, and they comprised our study sample. Their age at first NFU visit (baseline) was 13.4 ± 7.8 months and 46% were female. Over these 3 month follow-up period, the rate of weight gain was 2.2 ± 1.9 g/kg/d, change in mid upper arm circumference was from 105 to 115 mm, and change in weight-for-length or weight-for-height z-score was from -2.70 ± 0.94 to -1.95 ± 1.00. During the prior 14 days to the 4 NFU follow-up visit, 13.6% to 22.8% had common cold and/or cough, and 12.2% to 15.1% had pneumonia. CONCLUSION Because the rate of weight gain was far below the expected ∼5 g/kg/d, the NFU visits without food supplementation are insufficient in terms of catchup growth. Thus, additional efforts are required to improve the management of these SAM children for their catchup growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Faculty, James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayeeda Huq
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Faculty, James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affonfere M, Chadare FJ, Fassinou FTK, Talsma EF, Linnemann AR, Azokpota P. A complementary food supplement from local food ingredients to enhance iron intake among children aged 6-59 months in Benin. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3824-3835. [PMID: 34262740 PMCID: PMC8269688 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritious complementary feeding is often not affordable in Benin, and iron deficiency exists. This research aimed at formulating an affordable and sensory acceptable complementary food supplement using local food ingredients to increase iron intake among children aged 6-59 months in Benin. The complementary food supplement was formulated to ensure that 10 g would cover 25% of the estimated average requirements for iron for children aged 6 to 12 months. Adansonia digitata fruit pulp, Moringa oleifera leaf powder, and Cochlospermum tinctorium root powder were used to compose the complementary food supplement, which was mixed with maize and sorghum ogi porridges before being presented to the mothers and children for the acceptability test. The mineral contents of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp in mg/100 g dw were 9.9 ± 0.1 for iron and 0.9 ± 0.1 for zinc. The iron and zinc contents of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and Cochlospermum tinctorium root powder in mg/100 g dw were 34.1 ± 2.2 and 26.8 ± 2.7 and 9 ± 0.0 and 0.9 ± 0.0, respectively. The complementary food supplement contained, in mg/100 g dw, 17.4 ± 1.1 of iron and 1.2 ± 0.1 of zinc. The maize and sorghum ogi porridges enriched with the complementary food supplement at substitution rates of 15% and 16% (in dry weight), respectively, were acceptable to 85% of children for sorghum ogi porridge and 87% for maize ogi porridge. The present study demonstrated the potential of local food ingredients in the formulation of an iron-rich and acceptable complementary food supplement for children aged 6-59 months in Benin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Affonfere
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments et Bioressources et de Nutrition HumaineEcole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transformation des Produits Agricoles, Centre Universitaire de SakétéUniversité Nationale d’AgricultureSakétéRépublique du Bénin
- Laboratoire de Sciences des AlimentsFaculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey‐CalaviJéricho, CotonouRépublique du Bénin
| | - Flora Josiane Chadare
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments et Bioressources et de Nutrition HumaineEcole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transformation des Produits Agricoles, Centre Universitaire de SakétéUniversité Nationale d’AgricultureSakétéRépublique du Bénin
- Laboratoire de Sciences des AlimentsFaculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey‐CalaviJéricho, CotonouRépublique du Bénin
| | - Finagnon Toyi Kévin Fassinou
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments et Bioressources et de Nutrition HumaineEcole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transformation des Produits Agricoles, Centre Universitaire de SakétéUniversité Nationale d’AgricultureSakétéRépublique du Bénin
- Laboratoire de Sciences des AlimentsFaculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey‐CalaviJéricho, CotonouRépublique du Bénin
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anita R. Linnemann
- Food Quality and DesignWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paulin Azokpota
- Laboratoire de Sciences des AlimentsFaculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey‐CalaviJéricho, CotonouRépublique du Bénin
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guberti M, Botti S, Capuzzo MT, Nardozi S, Fusco A, Cera A, Dugo L, Piredda M, De Marinis MG. Bovine Colostrum Applications in Sick and Healthy People: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2194. [PMID: 34202206 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the first secretion of mammalian glands during the early period after birth giving. Its components are biologically active and have beneficial effects on new-born growth and well-being. Bovine colostrum has the highest concentration of these substances and its supplementation or application may provide health benefits. This systematic review was conducted to update current knowledge on bovine colostrum effects including all administration routes on healthy and sick subjects. Full texts or abstracts of twenty-eight papers as reports of systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and case series were included after searches in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Cinahl databases. The full texts of selected studies were assessed for quality using validated tools and their results were summarized in different categories. Studies were highly heterogeneous as regards to population, intervention, outcome and risk of bias. Bovine colostrum topical application was shown effective on vaginal dryness related symptoms limitation. Its use as food supplement showed interesting effects preventing upper respiratory illness in sportsmen, modulating immune system response and reducing intestinal permeability in healthy and sick subjects. Conflicting results were provided in pediatric population and little evidence is available on its use with older adults. Further studies are mandatory to better understand all factors influencing its activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dos Santos ALS, Anastácio LR. The impact of L-branched-chain amino acids and L-leucine on malnutrition, sarcopenia, and other outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:181-194. [PMID: 32993404 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1829470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic and hormonal disorders resulting from chronic liver diseases culminate in increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, which contributes to the development and progression of malnutrition and, consequently, sarcopenia. Nutritional management of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis is a continuously evolving field and data on essential amino acid supplementation in chronic liver diseases is scarce. AREAS COVERED This review encompasses the current literature on oral amino acids supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease or patients with liver cirrhosis to try to elucidate the possible effects of L-branched-chain amino acids and isolated L-leucine as a therapeutic approach to malnutrition and sarcopenia. EXPERT COMMENTARY To ensure an optimal nutritional status and to reduce sarcopenia, it is necessary to assess nutritional status in all patients with liver cirrhosis and to apply nutritional interventions accordingly. The supply of calories, proteins, and essential amino acids is necessary for the maintenance of muscle mass and function. Although supplementation of L-branched-chain amino acids plays an important role in liver disease, L-leucine has been described as the main amino acid involved in protein turnover, reducing proteolysis, and stimulating protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Soares Dos Santos
- Food Science Post-Graduation Program, Pharmacy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Food Science Post-Graduation Program, Pharmacy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kiani AK, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Bertelli M. Food supplements based on palmitoylethanolamide plus hydroxytyrosol from olive tree or Bacopa monnieri extracts for neurological diseases. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020007. [PMID: 33170159 PMCID: PMC8023129 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders like Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, spinal cord injury and stroke have some recurrent characteristics such as abnormal protein aggregation, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and inflammation. To date, there are few effective treatments available and the drugs currently used to manage the symptoms have important side effects. Therefore, research studies are focusing on natural phytochemicals present in diet as bioactive molecules potentially useful against neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the neuroprotective role of palmitoylethanolamide, hydroxytyrosol, and Bacopa monnieri extracts against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, thereby revealing their remarkable potential as novel therapeutic options for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mercer NH, Teets NM, Bessin RT, Obrycki JJ. Supplemental Foods Affect Energetic Reserves, Survival, and Spring Reproduction in Overwintering Adult Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Environ Entomol 2020; 49:1-9. [PMID: 31748809 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reproduction and abundance. We tested if provision of food supplements to overwintering adult Hippodamia convergens (Guerin) increased energy reserves, winter survival, and spring reproduction. During 2015-2016, H. convergens adults were placed in field cages in December; adults in each cage received water, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, bee pollen, wheast protein, sugar, honey, or no food (control). In 2016-2017, treatments were reduced to sugar, bee pollen, A. pisum with E. kuehniella eggs, and no food (control). Adults were sampled to quantify weight, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. In 2015-2016, A. pisum and E. kuehniella eggs increased adult weight and protein content, but adult carbohydrate content was reduced by A. pisum and wheast protein treatments. Adults receiving honey and sugar supplementation had higher lipid and carbohydrate content relative to controls. The number of live individuals at the end of the experiment in March 2016 did not differ among treatments. In 2016-2017, winter prey supplements had the greatest effect on protein content, weight, and number of live adults recovered, whereas sugar supplementation increased lipid and carbohydrate content, and number of live adults recovered. Spring reproduction of surviving pairs was evaluated among treatments in March 2017. Prey supplementation in 2016-2017 increased the number of eggs laid and decreased preoviposition period, and food treatment did not affect fertility. Our results indicate that prey and sugar resources improve the overwintering success and spring reproduction of H. convergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John J Obrycki
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fattebert J, Perrig M, Naef-Daenzer B, Grüebler MU. Experimentally disentangling intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of natal dispersal in a nocturnal raptor. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191537. [PMID: 31480971 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equivocal knowledge of the phase-specific drivers of natal dispersal remains a major deficit in understanding causes and consequences of dispersal and thus, spatial dynamics within and between populations. We performed a field experiment combining partial cross-fostering of nestlings and nestling food supplementation in little owls (Athene noctua). This approach disentangled the effect of nestling origin from the effect of the rearing environment on dispersal behaviour, while simultaneously investigating the effect of food availability in the rearing environment. We radio-tracked fledglings to quantify the timing of pre-emigration forays and emigration, foray and transfer duration, and the dispersal distances. Dispersal characteristics of the pre-emigration phase were affected by the rearing environment rather than by the origin of nestlings. In food-poor habitats, supplemented individuals emigrated later than unsupplemented individuals. By contrast, transfer duration and distance were influenced by the birds' origin rather than by their rearing environment. We found no correlation between timing of emigration and transfer duration or distance. We conclude that food supply to the nestlings and other characteristics of the rearing environment modulate the timing of emigration, while innate traits associated with the nestling origin affect the transfer phases after emigration. The dispersal behaviours of juveniles prior and after emigration, therefore, were related to different determinants, and are suggested to form different life-history traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Fattebert
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.,Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Marco Perrig
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cornelius Ruhs E, Vézina F, Karasov WH. Physiological and Immune Responses of Free-Living Temperate Birds Provided a Gradient of Food Supplementation. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:106-114. [PMID: 30601102 DOI: 10.1086/701389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Food availability might sometimes be unpredictable for wild birds. To alleviate this possible food limitation, millions of households in North America provide food supplementation to bird populations. However, the ecoimmunological impacts of this supplementation on free-living birds are largely unclear. Therefore, we compared immune function and body composition of three groups of free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) that were provided either constant food supplementation ("supplemented"), interrupted food supplementation ("interrupted"), or no food supplementation ("unsupplemented"). At capture, all three groups had similar body mass and fat scores. All three groups also had similar levels of circulating immunoglobulin Y antibodies and complement lysis ability, two measures of constitutive immune function. Supplemented and interrupted groups mounted a somewhat similar body mass and temperature response to injection with lipopolysaccharide; however, the supplemented group had a higher haptoglobin (acute-phase protein) response to lipopolysaccharide injection compared to the interrupted group. This study demonstrates that birds maintained similar levels of fat despite their level of food supplementation; however, sudden removal of supplemental food might elicit a short-term decline in aspects of immunity. Future studies should investigate how food supplementation might impact induced or adaptive aspects of immune function to add to our understanding of immunology in free-living animals.
Collapse
|
19
|
Salleh Hudin N, De Neve L, Strubbe D, Fairhurst GD, Vangestel C, Peach WJ, Lens L. Supplementary feeding increases nestling feather corticosterone early in the breeding season in house sparrows. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6163-6171. [PMID: 28861222 PMCID: PMC5574790 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies on birds have proposed that a lack of invertebrate prey in urbanized areas could be the main cause for generally lower levels of breeding success compared to rural habitats. Previous work on house sparrows Passer domesticus found that supplemental feeding in urbanized areas increased breeding success but did not contribute to population growth. Here, we hypothesize that supplementary feeding allows house sparrows to achieve higher breeding success but at the cost of lower nestling quality. As abundant food supplies may permit both high‐ and low‐quality nestlings to survive, we also predict that within‐brood variation in proxies of nestling quality would be larger for supplemental food broods than for unfed broods. As proxies of nestling quality, we considered feather corticosterone (CORTf), body condition (scaled mass index, SMI), and tarsus‐based fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Our hypothesis was only partially supported as we did not find an overall effect of food supplementation on FA or SMI. Rather, food supplementation affected nestling phenotype only early in the breeding season in terms of elevated CORTf levels and a tendency for more variable within‐brood CORTf and FA. Early food supplemented nests therefore seemed to include at least some nestlings that faced increased stressors during development, possibly due to harsher environmental (e.g., related to food and temperature) conditions early in the breeding season that would increase sibling competition, especially in larger broods. The fact that CORTf was positively, rather than inversely, related to nestling SMI further suggests that factors influencing CORTf and SMI are likely operating over different periods or, alternatively, that nestlings in good nutritional condition also invest in high‐quality feathers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noraine Salleh Hudin
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium.,Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science & Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjong Malim Perak Malaysia
| | - Liesbeth De Neve
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Graham D Fairhurst
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Carl Vangestel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium.,Joint Experimental Molecular Unit Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Will J Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science RSPB Sandy Bedfordshire UK
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tetzlaff SJ, Carter ET, DeGregorio BA, Ravesi MJ, Kingsbury BA. To forage, mate, or thermoregulate: Influence of resource manipulation on male rattlesnake behavior. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6606-6613. [PMID: 28861261 PMCID: PMC5574792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Male animals should preferentially allocate their time to performing activities that promote enhancing reproductive opportunity, but the need to acquire resources for growth and survival may compete with those behaviors in the short term. Thus, behaviors which require differing movement patterns such as ambushing prey and actively searching for mates can be mutually exclusive. Consequently, males that succeed at foraging could invest greater time and energy into mate searching. We radio-tracked sixteen male massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) and supplemented the diets of half the snakes with mice across an active season. We tested the predictions that reduced foraging needs would allow fed snakes to move (i.e., mate search) more, but that they would consequently be stationary to thermoregulate less, than unfed controls. Contrary to our first prediction, we found no evidence that fed snakes altered their mate searching behavior compared to controls. However, we found controls maintained higher body temperatures than fed snakes during the breeding season, perhaps because fed snakes spent less time in exposed ambush sites. Fed snakes had higher body condition scores than controls when the breeding season ended. Our results suggest the potential costs incurred by devoting time to stationary foraging may be outweighed by the drive to increase mating opportunities. Such instances may be especially valuable for massasaugas and other temperate reptiles that can remain inactive for upwards of half their lives or longer in some cases, and for female rattlesnakes that generally exhibit biennial or more protracted reproductive cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha J Tetzlaff
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Evin T Carter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA.,US Army ERDC-CERL Champaign IL USA
| | - Michael J Ravesi
- Michigan Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Grayling MI USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yin B, Li G, Wan X, Shang G, Wei W, Zhang Z. Large manipulative experiments reveal complex effects of food supplementation on population dynamics of Brandt's voles. Sci China Life Sci 2017; 60:911-920. [PMID: 28755298 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although food supplementation is well known to increase population density, there is still debate on the causative effects of food supplementation on reproduction, survival, and immigration. Large manipulative experiments, which exclude any confounding effects of dispersal and predation, are essential for clarifying the debate. In this study, we investigated the effects of food supplementation on Brandt's vole population dynamics and plant community in eight large enclosures (0.48 ha each) from 2010 to 2014. Food supplementation showed significant positive effects on population density due to increases in recruitment; however, it showed a complex effect on survival of voles: positive in non-breeding seasons, but negative in breeding seasons. In addition, food supplementation increased the quality of plants (as reflected by increased crude protein content), but decreased the quantity of less preferred plants in experimental enclosures. Thus, food seems to have direct positive effects on small rodents through improvement of food supply and indirect negative effects through food-induced density-dependent effects, and may have long-term effects on rodents through altering plant community composition and abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baofa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinrong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guozhen Shang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meyrier E, Jenni L, Bötsch Y, Strebel S, Erne B, Tablado Z. Happy to breed in the city? Urban food resources limit reproductive output in Western Jackdaws. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1363-1374. [PMID: 28261449 PMCID: PMC5330913 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban areas expand worldwide, transforming landscapes and creating new challenging habitats. Some bird species, mainly omnivorous feeding on human waste and cavity nesters, commonly breed in these habitats and are, therefore, regarded as urban‐adapted. Although urban areas may provide new nesting sites and abundant human waste, the low breeding success found in some of these species suggests that the poor protein content in human waste might limit breeding parameters. We investigated whether the breeding success of a cavity nester and omnivorous species commonly breeding in urban areas, the Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), depended on the availability of good‐quality non‐urban food. We approached the objective by combining a literature review and experiments in the field. With the literature review, we compared jackdaw populations in different habitats across Europe and found that clutch size and number of fledglings per pair decreased with distance to non‐urban foraging grounds, even after controlling for the effect of colony size, latitude, and climate. In two experiments, we tested whether the breeding success of urban pairs could be increased by supplementing high‐quality food, first only during egg formation and second also until chick fledging. Food supplementation during egg formation led to larger eggs and higher hatching success than in urban control nests, but this did not result in higher chick survival. However, when food supplementation was prolonged until fledging in the second experiment, we observed a significant increase of nestling survival. These findings highlight that research and management actions should not only focus on species displaced by urbanization, but also on “urban‐adapted” species, as they might be suffering from a mismatch between availability of nesting sites in buildings and adequate non‐urban food resources. In these cases, nest sites should be provided in or close to adequate food resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Meyrier
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Lukas Jenni
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Yves Bötsch
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Stephan Strebel
- Büro für Landschaftspflege & Faunistik Mosimann & Strebel Ins Switzerland
| | - Bruno Erne
- Workshops for Scientific Support and Equipment of the University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ziaei S, Rahman A, Raqib R, Lönnerdal B, Ekström EC. A Prenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Produces Higher Maternal Vitamin B-12 Concentrations and Similar Folate, Ferritin, and Zinc Concentrations as the Standard 60-mg Iron Plus 400-μg Folic Acid Supplement in Rural Bangladeshi Women. J Nutr 2016; 146:2520-2529. [PMID: 27798335 PMCID: PMC5118763 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.235994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on maternal micronutrient status are not well known. Objective: We compared the efficacy and effectiveness of 3 different micronutrient supplements on maternal micronutrient status when combined with food supplementation. Methods: In the MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Intervention, Matlab) trial in Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were randomly assigned to daily intake of 3 types of micronutrient capsules: 30 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe30F), 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe60F), or multiple micronutrient supplements (MMNs) combined with early (week 9 of pregnancy) or usual (week 20 of pregnancy) food supplementation in a 2 by 3 factorial design. Plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12, folate, ferritin, and zinc were analyzed before the start of micronutrient supplementation (week 14) and at week 30 of pregnancy in 641 randomly selected women. An electronic monitoring device was used to measure the number of capsules taken. The effectiveness of food and micronutrient regimens as well as efficacy per capsule in maternal micronutrient status were analyzed by ANOVA and general linear models. Results: At week 30 of pregnancy, women in the MMN group had higher geometric mean concentrations of vitamin B-12 than women in the Fe60F group (119 compared with 101 pmol/L, respectively); no other differences in effectiveness of micronutrient and food regimens were observed. A dose-response relation between the number of capsules taken and concentrations of folate and ferritin was observed for all micronutrient supplements. Fe30F had lower efficacy per capsule in increasing ferritin concentrations within the first tertile of capsule intake than did Fe60F and MMNs. Because ferritin reached a plateau for all types of micronutrient supplements, there was no difference between the regimens in their effectiveness. Conclusion: Compared with Fe60F, MMNs produced higher maternal vitamin B-12 and similar ferritin and folate concentrations in Bangladeshi women. The MINIMat trial was registered at isrctn.org as ISRCTN16581394.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ziaei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anisur Rahman
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; and
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; and
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Forbes KM, Henttonen H, Hirvelä-Koski V, Kipar A, Mappes T, Stuart P, Huitu O. Food provisioning alters infection dynamics in populations of a wild rodent. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151939. [PMID: 26446813 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While pathogens are often assumed to limit the growth of wildlife populations, experimental evidence for their effects is rare. A lack of food resources has been suggested to enhance the negative effects of pathogen infection on host populations, but this theory has received little investigation. We conducted a replicated two-factor enclosure experiment, with introduction of the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica and food supplementation, to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of pathogen infection and food availability on vole populations during a boreal winter. We show that prior to bacteria introduction, vole populations were limited by food availability. Bordetella bronchiseptica introduction then reduced population growth and abundance, but contrary to predictions, primarily in food supplemented populations. Infection prevalence and pathological changes in vole lungs were most common in food supplemented populations, and are likely to have resulted from increased congregation and bacteria transmission around feeding stations. Bordetella bronchiseptica-infected lungs often showed protozoan co-infection (consistent with Hepatozoon erhardovae), together with more severe inflammatory changes. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study demonstrates a complex picture of interactions and underlying mechanisms, leading to population-level effects. Our results highlight the potential for food provisioning to markedly influence disease processes in wildlife mammal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Forbes
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Varpu Hirvelä-Koski
- Production Animal and Wildlife Health Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Peter Stuart
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otso Huitu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vangansbeke D, Nguyen DT, Audenaert J, Verhoeven R, Gobin B, Tirry L, De Clercq P. Supplemental food for Amblyseius swirskii in the control of thrips: feeding friend or foe? Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:466-473. [PMID: 25755020 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In integrated pest management systems in greenhouse crops, the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii is becoming increasingly important as a biological control agent of various pests, especially thrips and whiteflies. An emerging strategy to promote the predator's establishment and retention in the crop consists in providing food supplements. However, when faced with omnivorous pests, such as the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, food supplements need to be applied with extreme care, in order not to boost population growth of the pest. This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the impact of commercial products of Typha angustifolia pollen and decapsulated brine shrimp cysts (Artemia sp.) on populations of both pest and predator and on predator-prey interactions. RESULTS Pollen was highly supportive for both F. occidentalis and A. swirskii, whereas Artemia cysts supported thrips populations to a lesser extent than those of the predator. Furthermore, a less pronounced reduction in thrips consumption by A. swirskii was observed in the presence of Artemia cysts as compared with T. angustifolia pollen. CONCLUSION Artemia might be a valuable alternative to pollen for supporting populations of A. swirskii in order to improve thrips management, as they are less beneficial for the pest but do support population growth of A. swirskii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Vangansbeke
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Duc Tung Nguyen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Entomology Department, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Bruno Gobin
- PCS - Ornamental Plant Research, Destelbergen, Belgium
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Islam QS, Ahmed SM, Islam MA, Kamruzzaman M, Rifat M. Beyond drugs: tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh need nutritional support during convalescence. Public Health Action 2015; 3:136-40. [PMID: 26393016 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTINGS All sputum microscopy laboratories under the BRAC Tuberculosis Programme in Dhaka City. OBJECTIVES To study the nutritional status of tuberculosis (TB) patients attending microscopy laboratories during convalescence following DOTS. DESIGN The study included 1068 TB patients registered for treatment at 10 laboratories from May 2010 to December 2011, and 910 healthy neighbourhood controls. Weight (in kg), height (in cm) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC; in cm) were measured before, at 2 months and immediately after completion of treatment. Body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m(2) and MUAC < 22.0 cm were taken as cut-offs for defining malnourishment. RESULTS Two thirds of the patients (67%) had a low BMI (<18.5 kg/m(2)) before treatment, compared to only 23% among the healthy controls. At the end of treatment, 50% of the patients still had a low BMI, including 12% who had severe malnourishment (BMI ≤ 16 kg/m(2)). MUAC < 22.0 cm was higher among patients before (42%), at 2 months (39%) and immediately after completion of treatment (34%) compared to the control group (9%). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is a serious problem among TB patients in peri-urban areas of Dhaka City. Under the circumstances, additional nutritional supplements, combined with education on nutrition, are expected to contribute to rapid and sustained recovery during DOTS-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q S Islam
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Ahmed
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Islam
- BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Kamruzzaman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Rifat
- BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh ; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nahar B, Hossain I, Hamadani JD, Ahmed T, Grantham-McGregor S, Persson LA. Effect of a food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation trial for severely malnourished children on the level of maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:483-93. [PMID: 25040164 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is associated with poor child development and growth in low-income countries. This paper evaluates the effect of a community-based trial providing psychosocial stimulation and food supplements to severely malnourished children on maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh. METHODS Severely underweight (weight-for-age Z-score < -3) hospitalized children aged 6-24 months (n = 507), were randomly assigned to: psychosocial stimulation (PS), food supplementation (FS), PS+FS, clinic control (CC) and hospital control (CH) at discharge. PS included play sessions with children and parental counselling to mothers during fortnightly follow-up visit at community clinics, conducted by trained play leaders for 6 months. FS involved cereal-based supplements (150-300 kcal/day) for 3 months. All groups received medical care, micronutrient supplements and growth monitoring. We used Bayley scales, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) inventory and a parenting questionnaire to assess child development, home stimulation and mothers' child-rearing practices, respectively. We assessed mothers' depressive symptoms using a modified version of Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline and at 6 months post intervention. RESULTS Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly lower in the CH group at baseline (P = 0.014). After 6 months of intervention there was no significant effect of intervention after adjusting for baseline scores and all possible confounders. Maternal depressive symptoms were higher among poorer (P = 0.06), older (P = 0.057) and less educated (P = 0.019) mothers, who were housewives (P = 0.053), and whose husbands had more unstable jobs (P = 0.058). At 6 months post intervention, children's cognitive (P = 0.045) and motor (P = 0.075) development, HOME (P = 0.012) and mother's parenting score (P = 0.057) were higher among mothers with lower depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The study did not show a significant effect of the intervention on the level of maternal depressive symptoms. Interventions with higher intensity and/or of longer duration focusing directly on maternal psychosocial functioning are probably needed to reduce maternal depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Nahar
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Islam Khan A. Effects of pre- and postnatal nutrition interventions on child growth and body composition: the MINIMat trial in rural Bangladesh. Glob Health Action 2013; 6:22476. [PMID: 24331714 PMCID: PMC3864158 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional insults and conditions during fetal life and infancy influence subsequent growth and body composition of children. OBJECTIVES Effects of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation and exclusive breastfeeding counseling on growth of offspring aged 0-54 months and their body composition at 54 months of age were studied. METHODS In the MINIMat trial (ISRCTN16581394) in Matlab, Bangladesh, pregnant women were randomized to early (around 9 weeks) or usual invitation (around 20 weeks) to food supplementation and to one of the three daily micronutrient supplements: 30-mg Fe and 400-µg folic acid (Fe30F), 60-mg Fe and 400-µg folic acid (Fe60F), and multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS). The supplements were also randomized to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) counseling or to usual health messages. RESULTS No differences in background characteristics were observed among the intervention groups. There was also no differential effect of prenatal interventions on birthweight or birthlength. Early food supplementation reduced the level of stunting from early infancy up to 54 months of age among boys (average difference - 6.5% units, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-11.3, p=0.01) but not among girls (average difference - 2.4% units, 95% CI -2.2-7.0, p=0.31). MMS resulted in more stunting compared to standard Fe60F (average difference - 4.8% units, 95% CI 0.8-8.9, p=0.02). Breastfeeding counseling prolonged the duration of EBF (difference - 35 days, 95% CI 30.6-39.5, p<0.001). Neither pregnancy interventions nor breastfeeding counseling influenced the body composition of children at 54 months of age. CONCLUSION Early food supplementation during pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting among boys aged 0-54 months, while prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting. Food and micronutrient supplementation or EBF intervention did not affect body composition of offspring at 54 months of age. The effects of prenatal interventions on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam Khan
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khan AI, Kabir I, Hawkesworth S, Ekström EC, Arifeen S, Frongillo EA, Persson LÅ. Early invitation to food and/or multiple micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy does not affect body composition in offspring at 54 months: follow-up of the MINIMat randomised trial, Bangladesh. Matern Child Nutr 2012; 11:385-97. [PMID: 23241449 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth patterns in early life are associated with later health. The effect of nutrition during in utero development on later body composition is unclear. We evaluated whether prenatal early invitation to food and/or multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) in pregnancy has an effect on offspring body composition at 54 months of age. In Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab trial (ISRCTN16581394) in Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were randomised into six equally sized groups: double-masked supplementation with capsules of either 30 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid, or 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid, or MMS (15 micronutrients), was combined with a randomised early invitation (around 9 weeks) or a usual invitation (around 20 weeks) to start food supplementation (608 kcal 6 days per week). At 54 months, the body composition of the offspring was assessed by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis. Of the 3267 live singletons with birth anthropometry, 2290 children were measured at 54 months, representing 70% of the live births. There was no interaction between the food and micronutrient supplementation on body composition outcomes. There were no significant differences in a range of anthropometric and body composition measurements, including weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference, skinfold thickness, and fat mass and fat-free mass between the different prenatal food and micronutrient groups using an intention-to-treat analysis. This analysis shows that early invitation to food supplementation and MMS provided to rural Bangladeshi women during pregnancy did not affect offspring body composition at 54 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sophie Hawkesworth
- Medical Research Council International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eva-Charlotte Ekström
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shams Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lars Åke Persson
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hossain MI, Nahar B, Hamadani JD, Ahmed T, Roy AK, Brown KH. Intestinal mucosal permeability of severely underweight and nonmalnourished Bangladeshi children and effects of nutritional rehabilitation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51:638-44. [PMID: 20871416 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181eb3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactulose/mannitol (L/M) intestinal permeability tests were completed to compare the intestinal function of severely underweight children recovering from diarrhea and other illnesses and of nonmalnourished children from the same communities, and to evaluate the effects of food supplementation, with or without psychosocial stimulation, on the changes in intestinal function among the underweight children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-seven malnourished children completed intestinal permeability studies at baseline and 3 months after receiving 1 of the following randomly assigned treatment regimens: group-C--fortnightly follow-up at community-based follow-up units, including growth monitoring and promotion, health education, and micronutrient supplementation, n = 17; group-SF--same as group-C plus supplementary food (SF) to provide 150 to 300 kcal/day, n = 23; group-PS--same as group-C plus psychosocial stimulation (PS), n = 17; or group-SF + PS--same as group-C plus SF and PS, n = 20. Seventeen nonmalnourished children were included as comparison subjects. RESULTS The malnourished children's mean ± SD initial age was 13.1 ± 4.0 months, their mean weight-for-age z score was -3.82 ± 0.61, and their median (interquartile range) urinary L/M recovery ratio was 0.16 (0.10-0.28). Eighty-four percent of the children had L/M ≥ 0.07, suggestive of impaired intestinal function. The median L/M of the malnourished children was significantly greater than that of 17 relatively well-nourished children (median 0.09; interquartile range 0.05-0.12; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics of the severely malnourished children by treatment group. Following treatment, the L/M ratio improved in all of the groups (P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in these changes by treatment group. There was a significant positive association between weight gain and the magnitude of improvement in L/M ratio (r = 0.30, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Intestinal mucosal function, as measured by sugar permeability, is impaired among severely underweight children. Intestinal permeability improves in relation to weight gain, but intestinal mucosal recovery is not specifically related to the types or amount of food supplementation or PS provided in this trial.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cantrell RA, Sinkala M, Megazinni K, Lawson-Marriott S, Washington S, Chi BH, Tambatamba-Chapula B, Levy J, Stringer EM, Mulenga L, Stringer JSA. A pilot study of food supplementation to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among food-insecure adults in Lusaka, Zambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 49:190-5. [PMID: 18769349 PMCID: PMC3847664 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31818455d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provision of food supplementation to food-insecure patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve adherence to medications. METHODS A home-based adherence support program at 8 government clinics assessed patients for food insecurity. Four clinics provided food supplementation, and 4 acted as controls. The analysis compared adherence (assessed by medication possession ratio), CD4, and weight gain outcomes among food-insecure patients enrolled at the food clinics with those enrolled at the control clinics. RESULTS Between May 1, 2004, and March 31, 2005, 636 food- insecure adults were enrolled. Food supplementation was associated with better adherence to therapy. Two hundred fifty-eight of 366 (70%) patients in the food group achieved a medication possession ratio of 95% or greater versus 79 of 166 (48%) among controls (relative risk = 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 1.8). This finding was unchanged after adjustment for sex, age, baseline CD4 count, baseline World Health Organization stage, and baseline hemoglobin. We did not observe a significant effect of food supplementation on weight gain or CD4 cell response. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that providing food to food-insecure patients initiating ART is feasible and may improve adherence to medication. A large randomized study of the clinical benefits of food supplementation to ART patients is urgently needed to inform international policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Cantrell
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Plot 1275 Lubutu Road, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|