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Wang Y, Jiang H, Yu L, Gao Z, Liu W, Mei Q, Gu Y. Understanding the Role of Children's Footwear on Children's Feet and Gait Development: A Systematic Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101418. [PMID: 37239704 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's footwear plays an important role in the healthy growth of foot and gait development during the growing stage. This review aims to synthesize findings of previous investigations and to explore the biomechanical influences of different types of children's footwear on foot health and gait development, thus guiding the healthy and safe growth of children's feet and gait. Online databases were searched for potential eligible articles, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In total, nineteen articles were identified after searching based on the inclusion requirements. The following five aspects of biomechanical parameters were identified in the literature, including spatiotemporal, kinematics, kinetics, electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure distribution. Children's footwear can affect their foot health and gait performance. In addition, children's shoes with different flexibility and sole hardness have different effects on children's feet and gait development. Compared to barefoot, the stride length, step length, stride time, and step time were increased, but cadence was decreased with wearing shoes. Furthermore, the support base and toe-off time increased. Double support time and stance time increased, but single support time decreased. The hip, knee, and ankle joints showed increased range of motion in children with the rear-foot strike with larger ground reaction force as well. Future studies may need to evaluate the influence of footwear types on gait performance of children in different age groups. Findings in this study may provide recommendations for suitable footwear types for different ages, achieving the aim of growth and development in a healthy and safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Trinh K, Belski N, Zhou F, Kuhad A, Luk D, Youn E. The Efficacy of Acupuncture on Foot and Ankle for Pain Intensity, Functional Status, and General Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review. Med Acupunct 2021; 33:386-395. [PMID: 35003508 PMCID: PMC8734447 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of acupuncture on foot and ankle pain intensity, functional status, quality of life, and incidence of adverse events in adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained from a systematic search of 6 major English databases, and a manual search of relevant systematic reviews using Google Scholar. RCTs that compared acupuncture with various forms of sham acupuncture, nonactive and waitlist controls for pain intensity, functional status, and general quality of life were included. Study screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality assessment were all performed independently. A narrative synthesis was performed when quantitative pooling was inappropriate. Results: Four RCTs were included, encompassing a total of 211 participants. Due to clinical heterogeneity for all outcomes, quantitative analysis was not appropriate. Our Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation rated all outcomes to have either low or very low quality of evidence. With low-quality evidence, acupuncture was shown to be efficacious for participants with plantar fasciitis for pain relief and functional status improvement at short- and intermediate-term follow-ups. Acupuncture was also shown to be efficacious for participants with Achilles tendinopathy for pain relief at short- and intermediate-term follow-ups. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: There is some evidence to suggest acupuncture to be a safe and efficacious treatment for relieving pain and improving functional status for the foot and ankle. The results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution due to the limited evidence. Future research should take into consideration the findings of this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Trinh
- Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nikita Belski
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arul Kuhad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Luk
- School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eunjae Youn
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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