1
|
Ziaee M, Johnson JW, Yourdkhani M. 3D Printing of Short-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Polymer Composites via Frontal Polymerization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:16694-16702. [PMID: 35353492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of fiber-reinforced thermoset composites is desirable for rapid fabrication of 3D composite objects with minimal tooling. One of the main issues in 3D printing of thermoset composites is the low cure rates of matrix resins, which prevents rapid curing and rigidization of composite materials during the printing process and capturing the desired print geometry. Here, we demonstrate a new technique for in situ printing and curing of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoset composites without any postcuring or postprocessing steps. Upon extrusion and deposition of the composite ink from a printing nozzle, the ink is cured via frontal polymerization, leading to rapid printing of high-quality composites. Tailoring the processing conditions allows for freeform or rapid, supported printing of 3D composite objects with zero void content and highly oriented carbon fiber reinforcements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ziaee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - James W Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Mostafa Yourdkhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Compaan AM, Song K, Huang Y. Gellan Fluid Gel as a Versatile Support Bath Material for Fluid Extrusion Bioprinting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5714-5726. [PMID: 30644714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing demand complex hydrogel-based constructs laden with living cells. Advanced support materials facilitate the fabrication of such constructs. This work demonstrates the versatility and utility of a gellan fluid gel as a support bath material for fabricating freeform 3D hydrogel constructs from a variety of materials. Notably, the gellan fluid gel support bath can supply sensitive biological cross-linking agents such as enzymes to printed fluid hydrogel precursors for mild covalent hydrogel cross-linking. This mild fabrication approach is suitable for fabricating cell-laden gelatin-based constructs in which mammalian cells can form intercellular contacts within hours of fabrication; cellular activity is observed over several days within printed constructs. In addition, gellan is compatible with a wide range of ionic and thermal conditions, which makes it a suitable support material for ionically cross-linked structures generated by printing alginate-based ink formulations as well as thermosensitive hydrogel constructs formed from gelatin. Ultraviolet irradiation of printed structures within the support bath is also demonstrated for photoinitiated cross-linking of acrylated ink materials. Furthermore, gellan support material performance in terms of printed filament stability and residual support material on constructs is found to be comparable and superior, respectively, to previously reported support materials.
Collapse
|
3
|
Štumberger G, Vihar B. Freeform Perfusable Microfluidics Embedded in Hydrogel Matrices. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E2529. [PMID: 30545119 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a modification of the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D printing method for the fabrication of freeform perfusable microfluidics inside a hydrogel matrix. Xanthan gum is deposited into a CaCl₂ infused gelatine slurry to form filaments, which are consequently rinsed to produce hollow channels. This provides a simple method for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices based on biopolymers and potentially a new approach to the construction of vascular grafts for tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Embedded extrusion bioprinting allows for the generation of complex structures that otherwise cannot be achieved with conventional layer-by-layer deposition from the bottom, by overcoming the limits imposed by gravitational force. By taking advantage of a hydrogel bath, serving as a sacrificial printing environment, it is feasible to extrude a bioink in freeform until the entire structure is deposited and crosslinked. The bioprinted structure can be subsequently released from the supporting hydrogel and used for further applications. Combining this advanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique with a multimaterial extrusion printhead setup enables the fabrication of complex volumetric structures built from multiple bioinks. The work described in this paper focuses on the optimization of the experimental setup and proposes a workflow to automate the bioprinting process, resulting in a fast and efficient conversion of a virtual 3D model into a physical, extruded structure in freeform using the multimaterial embedded bioprinting system. It is anticipated that further development of this technology will likely lead to widespread applications in areas such as tissue engineering, pharmaceutical testing, and organs-on-chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rocca
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fragasso
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wanjun Liu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Marcel A. Heinrich
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ellingson BA, Geballe MT, Wlodek S, Bayly CI, Skillman AG, Nicholls A. Efficient calculation of SAMPL4 hydration free energies using OMEGA, SZYBKI, QUACPAC, and Zap TK. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:289-98. [PMID: 24633516 PMCID: PMC4003403 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several submissions for the SAMPL4 hydration free energy set were calculated using OpenEye tools, including many that were among the top performing submissions. All of our best submissions used AM1BCC charges and Poisson-Boltzmann solvation. Three submissions used a single conformer for calculating the hydration free energy and all performed very well with mean unsigned errors ranging from 0.94 to 1.08 kcal/mol. These calculations were very fast, only requiring 0.5-2.0 s per molecule. We observed that our two single-conformer methodologies have different types of failure cases and that these differences could be exploited for determining when the methods are likely to have substantial errors.
Collapse
|