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Silvestre R, Garcia-Breijo E, Ferri J, Montava I, Bou-Belda E. The Influence of the Structure of Cotton Fabrics on the Adhesion of Conductive Polymer Printed with 3D Printing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771969 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology is being increasingly applied in a multitude of sectors. However, this technology is not generally applied in the same way as in other sectors, possibly due to the difficulty of adhesion between the polymer and the textile substrate. A textile garment is subjected to wear and tear during its lifetime, and a low tensile strength or rubbing resistance hinders a garment in most of the applications of this type of research. This study examined the influence of the characteristics of the cotton textile substrate, such as the weave structure and the yarn thickness, on the tensile strength of a 3D-printed element with conductive filament. Starting from the fabric with the highest tensile strength, different prints were made using this technology to incorporate conductive and heating properties into the fabric. The results validate the possibility of providing new properties to the textile by means of this technology; however, the correct selection of the textile used as a base substrate is important.
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Carette M, Gisbert-Payá J, Capablanca L, Bou-Belda E. Influence of the Type of Binder Used in the Treatment of Cotton Fabric with Montmorillonite Particles on the Release of Negative Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224945. [PMID: 36433072 PMCID: PMC9699547 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, mineral clays have had a multitude of applications. With recent developments in the textile industry, they have been used for their antimicrobial properties. As a promising phyllosilicate with a negative layer charge, montmorillonite (MMT) was used in this work to treat cotton fabric to evaluate its ability to generate negative air ions (NAIs). The MMT was dispersed with varying binder concentrations. Resins of different composition (polyurethane or acrylic) was applied to cotton fabric by padding, and the negative ion count was measured. Two types of MMT with different characteristics were tested. Electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to study the presence of MMT particles on the cotton fabric surface, and the colors of the samples were tested. It was observed that the composition of the binder used had a significant influence on the number of negative ions released by the treated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Carette
- Faculty of Sciences, HO University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaime Gisbert-Payá
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Lucía Capablanca
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Eva Bou-Belda
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Schellenberger S, Liagkouridis I, Awad R, Khan S, Plassmann M, Peters G, Benskin JP, Cousins IT. An Outdoor Aging Study to Investigate the Release of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Functional Textiles. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3471-3479. [PMID: 35213128 PMCID: PMC8928479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from functional textiles was investigated via an outdoor weathering experiment in Sydney, Australia. Polyamide (PA) textile fabrics treated with different water-repellent, side-chain fluorinated polymers (SFPs) were exposed on a rooftop to multiple natural stressors, including direct sunlight, precipitation, wind, and heat for 6-months. After weathering, additional stress was applied to the fabrics through abrasion and washing. Textile characterization using a multiplatform analytical approach revealed loss of both PFAS-containing textile fragments (e.g., microfibers) as well as formation and loss of low molecular weight PFAS, both of which occurred throughout weathering. These changes were accompanied by a loss of color and water repellency of the textile. The potential formation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from mobile residuals was quantified by oxidative conversion of extracts from unweathered textiles. Each SFP-textile finish emitted a distinct PFAA pattern following weathering, and in some cases the concentrations exceeded regulatory limits for textiles. In addition to transformation of residual low molecular weight PFAA-precursors, release of polymeric PFAS from degradation and loss of textile fibers/particles contributed to overall PFAS emissions during weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Schellenberger
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm 111 21, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Liagkouridis
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Institute, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raed Awad
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Institute, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Khan
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Merle Plassmann
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory Peters
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department
of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P. Benskin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian T. Cousins
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ergoktas MS, Bakan G, Steiner P, Bartlam C, Malevich Y, Ozden-Yenigun E, He G, Karim N, Cataldi P, Bissett MA, Kinloch IA, Novoselov KS, Kocabas C. Graphene-Enabled Adaptive Infrared Textiles. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5346-5352. [PMID: 32551694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactive clothing requires sensing and display functionalities to be embedded on textiles. Despite the significant progress of electronic textiles, the integration of optoelectronic materials on fabrics remains as an outstanding challenge. In this Letter, using the electro-optical tunability of graphene, we report adaptive optical textiles with electrically controlled reflectivity and emissivity covering the infrared and near-infrared wavelengths. We achieve electro-optical modulation by reversible intercalation of ions into graphene layers laminated on fabrics. We demonstrate a new class of infrared textile devices including display, yarn, and stretchable devices using natural and synthetic textiles. To show the promise of our approach, we fabricated an active device directly onto a t-shirt, which enables long-wavelength infrared communication via modulation of the thermal radiation from the human body. The results presented here provide complementary technologies which could leverage the ubiquitous use of functional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Said Ergoktas
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Bakan
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Steiner
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Bartlam
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yury Malevich
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Elif Ozden-Yenigun
- School of Design, Textiles, Royal College of Art, London SW7 2 EU, United Kingdom
| | - Guanliang He
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Fine Print Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cataldi
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Bissett
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Kinloch
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Coskun Kocabas
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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