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Zhan L, Chen S, Xin Y, Lv J, Fu H, Gao D, Jiang F, Zhou X, Wang N, Lee PS. Dual-Responsive MXene-Functionalized Wool Yarn Artificial Muscles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2402196. [PMID: 38650164 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-based artificial muscles are promising for smart textiles capable of sensing, interacting, and adapting to environmental stimuli. However, the application of current artificial muscle-based textiles in wearable and engineering fields has largely remained a constraint due to the limited deformation, restrictive stimulation, and uncomfortable. Here, dual-responsive yarn muscles with high contractile actuation force are fabricated by incorporating a very small fraction (<1 wt.%) of Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites into self-plied and twisted wool yarns. They can lift and lower a load exceeding 3400 times their own weight when stimulated by moisture and photothermal. Furthermore, the yarn muscles are coiled homochirally or heterochirally to produce spring-like muscles, which generated over 550% elongation or 83% contraction under the photothermal stimulation. The actuation mechanism, involving photothermal/moisture-mechanical energy conversion, is clarified by a combination of experiments and finite element simulations. Specifically, MXene/CNF composites serve as both photothermal and hygroscopic agents to accelerate water evaporation under near-infrared (NIR) light and moisture absorption from ambient air. Due to their low-cost facile fabrication, large scalable dimensions, and robust strength coupled with dual responsiveness, these soft actuators are attractive for intelligent textiles and devices such as self-adaptive textiles, soft robotics, and wearable information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiang Zhan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaohua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yangyang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongbo Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ni Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Hong SG, Oh BM, Kim JH, Lee JU. Textile-Based Adsorption Sensor via Mixed Solvent Dyeing with Aggregation-Induced Emission Dyes. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1745. [PMID: 38673102 PMCID: PMC11051475 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel methodology for developing a textile-based adsorption sensor via mixed solvent dyeing with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dyes on recycled fabrics. AIE dyes were incorporated into the fabrics using a mixed solvent dyeing method with a co-solvent mixture of H2O and organic solvents. This method imparted unique fluorescence properties to fabrics, altering fluorescence intensity or wavelength based on whether the AIE dye molecules were in an isolated or aggregated state on the fabrics. The precise control of the H2O fraction to organic solvent during dyeing was crucial for influencing fluorescence intensity and sensing characteristics. These dyed fabrics exhibited reactive thermochromic and vaporchromic properties, with changes in fluorescence intensity corresponding to variations in temperature and exposure to volatile organic solvents (VOCs). Their superior characteristics, including a repetitive fluorescence switching property and resistance to photo-bleaching, enhance their practicality across various applications. Consequently, the smart fabrics dyed with AIE dye not only find applications in clothing and fashion design but demonstrate versatility in various fields, extending to sensing temperature, humidity, and hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gyun Hong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 De-ogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong M. Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.O.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.O.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jea Uk Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 De-ogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Song J, Gu Y, Lin Z, Liu J, Kang X, Gong X, Liu P, Yang Y, Jiang H, Wang J, Cao S, Zhu Z, Peng H. Integrating Light Diffusion and Conversion Layers for Highly Efficient Multicolored Fiber-Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2312590. [PMID: 38227454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Fiber solar cells as promising wearable power supplies have attracted increasing attentions recently, while further breakthrough on their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and realization of multicolored appearances remain urgent needs particularly in real-world applications. Here, a fiber-dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSSC) integrated with a light diffusion layer composed of alumina/polyurethane film on the outmost encapsulating tube and a light conversion layer made from phosphors/TiO2/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) film on the inner counter electrode is designed. The incident light is diffused to more surfaces of fiber electrodes, then converted on counter electrode and reflected to neighboring photoanode, so the FDSSC efficiently takes advantage of the fiber shape for remarkably enhanced light harvesting, producing a record PCE of 13.11%. These efficient FDSSCs also realize color-tunable appearances, improving their designability and compatibility with textiles. They are further integrated with fiber batteries as power systems, providing a power solution for wearables and emerging smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhengmeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiuzhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyue Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaocheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Siwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Chen X, He Y, Tian M, Qu L, Fan T, Miao J. Core-Sheath Heterogeneous Interlocked Conductive Fiber Enables Smart Textile for Personalized Healthcare and Thermal Management. Small 2023:e2308404. [PMID: 38148325 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Whereas thermal comfort and healthcare management during long-term wear are essentially required for wearable system, simultaneously achieving them remains challenge. Herein, a highly comfortable and breathable smart textile for personal healthcare and thermal management is developed, via assembling stimuli-responsive core-sheath dual network that silver nanowires(AgNWs) core interlocked graphene sheath induced by MXene. Small MXene nanosheets with abundant groups is proposed as a novel "dispersant" to graphene according to "like dissolves like" theory, while simultaneously acting as "cross-linker" between AgNWs and graphene networks by filling the voids between them. The core-sheath heterogeneous interlocked conductive fiber induced by MXene "cross-linking" exhibits a reliable response to various mechanical/electrical/light stimuli, even under large mechanical deformations(100%). The core-sheath conductive fiber-enabled smart textile can adapt to movements of human body seamlessly, and convert these mechanical deformations into character signals for accurate healthcare monitoring with rapid response(440 ms). Moreover, smart textile with excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect exhibits instant thermal energy harvesting/storage during the stimuli-response process, which can be developed as self-powered thermal management and dynamic camouflage when integrated with phase change and thermochromic layer. The smart fibers/textiles with core-sheath heterogeneous interlocked structures hold great promise in personalized healthcare and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yifan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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5
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Khan A, Rashid M, Hossain G. Industrially Scalable Piezoresistive Smart-Textile Sensor for Flexible Electronics Application. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4801-4809. [PMID: 38090758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Industrially scalable pressure-sensitive smart textile sensors have been developed using graphite-polyurethane (G-PU) composite materials by the plasma-assisted dip-pad-dry-cure method. The advantage of this technique is that it is easy, simple, and suitable for high-volume production with industrially available machinery. The sandwich structure sensor has been constructed with the pressure-sensitive textile semiconductor and embroidery electrodes for manufacturing a single sensor and sensor matrix, which can detect touch, pressure, movement, etc., and send information wirelessly (via smartphone) to the user in real-time. The sensibility, hysteresis behavior, repeatability, and stability against washing, martindale abrasion, etc. of the piezoresistive polyester (PES) textile sensor have been optimized by the plasma-assisted semiconductive coating. The smart textile sensor built into this work provides flexibility, breathability, and wearability and can be easily integrated into wearable items allowing for object detection by scanning their weight, movement, interactive floor mate, and seat sensor mate for dynamic posture detection and sensor hand glove to translate finger movement into sign language (e.g., text or audio able). All necessary electronics and software associated with the relevant application have been developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the products in a real-world demonstration, which encourages the widespread use of smart textile piezoresistive sensors for a variety of applications in flexible electronics sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaduzzaman Khan
- V-Trion GmbH Textile Research, Millennium Park-15, 6890 Lustenau, Austria
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- V-Trion GmbH Textile Research, Millennium Park-15, 6890 Lustenau, Austria
| | - Gaffar Hossain
- V-Trion GmbH Textile Research, Millennium Park-15, 6890 Lustenau, Austria
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6
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Jafari B, Botte GG. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Fabrics for Joule-Heating and Antibacterial Applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:20006-20017. [PMID: 37969783 PMCID: PMC10644289 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional textiles have emerged as a significant area of research due to their growing importance and diverse applications. The main requirement for these fabrics is electroconductivity, which is usually gained by incorporating conductive materials such as graphene into the textile structure. In this article, an electrochemical method was demonstrated to integrate different loadings of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into fabrics for enhanced electrical conductivity. The process involves spray coating of graphene oxide (GO) onto the fabric, followed by in situ electrochemical reduction of GO, resulting in a coating layer of rGO nanosheets. The rGO-coated fabric exhibited exceptional Joule-heating capabilities, achieving 127 °C under a 9 V direct voltage with only 770 μg/cm2 of rGO loading. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the rGO-coated fabric were demonstrated, showing a significant reduction rate of over 99.99% against both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Joule-heating and antibacterial performances of the rGO-coated fabric were investigated over eight repeated cycles, demonstrating excellent repeatability. The simplicity of the fabrication method, along with the electrothermal and antibacterial effects of the rGO-coated fabric, makes it a promising material for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Jafari
- Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Chemical and Electrochemical Technology and
Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - Gerardine G. Botte
- Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Chemical and Electrochemical Technology and
Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
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7
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Zhu K, Phan PT, Sharma B, Davies J, Thai MT, Hoang TT, Nguyen CC, Ji A, Nicotra E, La HM, Vo-Doan TT, Phan HP, Lovell NH, Do TN. A Smart, Textile-Driven, Soft Exosuit for Spinal Assistance. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8329. [PMID: 37837159 PMCID: PMC10575006 DOI: 10.3390/s23198329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are often caused by repetitive lifting, making them a significant concern in occupational health. Although wearable assist devices have become the norm for mitigating the risk of back pain, most spinal assist devices still possess a partially rigid structure that impacts the user's comfort and flexibility. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a smart textile-actuated spine assistance robotic exosuit (SARE), which can conform to the back seamlessly without impeding the user's movement and is incredibly lightweight. To detect strain on the spine and to control the smart textile automatically, a soft knitting sensor that utilizes fluid pressure as a sensing element is used. Based on the soft knitting hydraulic sensor, the robotic exosuit can also feature the ability of monitoring and rectifying human posture. The SARE is validated experimentally with human subjects (N = 4). Through wearing the SARE in stoop lifting, the peak electromyography (EMG) signals of the lumbar erector spinae are reduced by 22.8% ± 12 for lifting 5 kg weights and 27.1% ± 14 in empty-handed conditions. Moreover, the integrated EMG decreased by 34.7% ± 11.8 for lifting 5 kg weights and 36% ± 13.3 in empty-handed conditions. In summary, the artificial muscle wearable device represents an anatomical solution to reduce the risk of muscle strain, metabolic energy cost and back pain associated with repetitive lifting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Zhu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Phuoc Thien Phan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Bibhu Sharma
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - James Davies
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Mai Thanh Thai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Thien Hoang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Chi Cong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Adrienne Ji
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Emanuele Nicotra
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Hung Manh La
- Advanced Robotics and Automation Lab, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA;
| | - Tat Thang Vo-Doan
- School of Mechanical & Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nigel H. Lovell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thanh Nho Do
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington Campus, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.Z.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.T.); (T.T.H.); (C.C.N.); (A.J.); (E.N.); (N.H.L.)
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Muchlis AMG, Yang C, Tsai YT, Ummartyotin S, Lin CC. Multiresponsive Self-Healing Lanthanide Fluorescent Hydrogel for Smart Textiles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46085-46097. [PMID: 37732796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide organometallic complexes exhibit strong luminescence characteristics, owing to their antenna effects. The f-d energy level transition causes this phenomenon, which occurs when ligands and the external electrons of lanthanide metals coordinate. Based on this phenomenon, we used two lanthanide metals, europium (Eu) and terbium (Tb), in the present study as the metal center for iminodiacetic acid ligands. Further, we developed the resulting fluorescent organometallic complex as a smart material. The ligand-metal bond in the material functioned as a metal chelating agent and a cross-linking agent in a dynamically coordinated form, thereby prompting the material to self-heal. Temperature-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide was incorporated into the material as the polymer backbone. Afterward, we combined it with water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) and an additional ligand from poly(acrylic acid) to fabricate a high-performance hydrogel composite material. The shrinkage and expansion of the polymer form a grid between the materials. Because of the different coordination stabilities of Eu3+ and Tb3+, the corresponding material exhibits environmental responses toward excitation wavelength, temperature, and pH, thus generating different colors. When used in fabrics, the cross-linking mechanism of the material effectively looped the material between fabric fibers; furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the polymer adjusted the size of pores between fabric fibers. At relatively higher temperatures (>32 °C), the polymer structure shrank, fiber pores expanded, and air permeability improved. Thus, this material appears to be promising for use in smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Yang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chun Che Lin
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
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9
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Li Y, Hu H, Salim T, Cheng G, Lam YM, Ding J. Flexible Wet-Spun PEDOT:PSS Microfibers Integrating Thermal-Sensing and Joule Heating Functions for Smart Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3432. [PMID: 37631489 PMCID: PMC10457801 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional fiber materials play a key role in the field of smart textiles. Temperature sensing and active thermal management are two important functions of smart fabrics, but few studies have combined both functions in a single fiber material. In this work, we demonstrate a temperature-sensing and in situ heating functionalized conductive polymer microfiber by exploiting its high electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties. The conductive polymer microfibers were prepared by wet-spinning the PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion with ionic liquid additives, which was used to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of the final microfibers. The thermoelectric properties of these microfibers were further studied. Due to their excellent flexibility and mechanical properties, these fibers can be easily integrated into commercial fabrics for the manufacture of smart textiles through knitting. We further demonstrated a smart glove with integrated temperature-sensing and in situ heating functions, and further explored thermoelectric fiber-based temperature-sensing array fabric. These works combine the thermoelectric properties and heating function of conductive polymer fibers, providing new insights that enable further development of high-performance, multifunctional wearable smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (T.S.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Guanggui Cheng
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (T.S.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Martínez-Estrada M, Vuohijoki T, Poberznik A, Shaikh A, Virkki J, Gil I, Fernández-García R. A Smart Chair to Monitor Sitting Posture by Capacitive Textile Sensors. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4838. [PMID: 37445152 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a smart office chair with movable textile sensors to monitor sitting position during the workday is presented. The system consists of a presence textile capacitive sensor with different levels of activation with a signal conditioning device. The proposed system was integrated into an office chair to detect postures that could provoke musculoskeletal disorders or discomfort. The microcontroller measured the capacitance by means of a cycle count method and provided the position information in real time. The information could be analysed to set up warnings to prevent incorrect postures or the necessity to move. Five participants assumed a series of postures, and the results showed the workability of the proposed smart chair. The chair can be provided as a new tool for companies, hospitals, or other institutions to detect incorrect postures and monitor the postures of people with reduced mobility. This tool can optimise control procedures or prevent occupational risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez-Estrada
- Departament of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, ESEIAAT, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tiina Vuohijoki
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anja Poberznik
- Faculty of Technology, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, 28130 Pori, Finland
| | - Asif Shaikh
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Virkki
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ignacio Gil
- Departament of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, ESEIAAT, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-García
- Departament of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, ESEIAAT, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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11
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Hupfer ML, Gawlik A, Dellith J, Plentz J. Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Improved by Silver Nanowires for Flexible, Semitransparent and Conductive Electrodes on Textile with High Temperature Stability. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16113961. [PMID: 37297095 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to facilitate the design freedom for the implementation of textile-integrated electronics, we seek flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) that can withstand not only the mechanical stresses encountered during use but also the thermal stresses of post-treatment. The transparent conductive oxides (TCO) typically used for this purpose are rigid in comparison to the fibers or textiles they are intended to coat. In this paper, a TCO, specifically aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO), is combined with an underlying layer of silver nanowires (Ag-NW). This combination brings together the advantages of a closed, conductive Al:ZnO layer and a flexible Ag-NW layer, forming a TCE. The result is a transparency of 20-25% (within the 400-800 nm range) and a sheet resistance of 10 Ω/sq that remains almost unchanged, even after post-treatment at 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lutz Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Gawlik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Plentz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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12
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Galli V, Sailapu SK, Cuthbert TJ, Ahmadizadeh C, Hannigan BC, Menon C. Passive and Wireless All-Textile Wearable Sensor System. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2206665. [PMID: 37208801 PMCID: PMC10401120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health technology and activity tracking with wearable sensors enable continuous unobtrusive monitoring of movement and biophysical parameters. Advancements in clothing-based wearable devices have employed textiles as transmission lines, communication hubs, and various sensing modalities; this area of research is moving towards complete integration of circuitry into textile components. A current limitation for motion tracking is the need for communication protocols demanding physical connection of textile with rigid devices, or vector network analyzers (VNA) with limited portability and lower sampling rates. Inductor-capacitor (LC) circuits are ideal candidates as textile sensors can be easily implemented with textile components and allow wireless communication. In this paper, the authors report a smart garment that can sense movement and wirelessly transmit data in real time. The garment features a passive LC sensor circuit constructed of electrified textile elements that sense strain and communicate through inductive coupling. A portable, lightweight reader (fReader) is developed for achieving a faster sampling rate than a downsized VNA to track body movement, and for wirelessly reading sensor information suitable for deployment with a smartphone. The smart garment-fReader system monitors human movement in real-time and exemplifies the potential of textile-based electronics moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Galli
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Sunil Kumar Sailapu
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Tyler J Cuthbert
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Chakaveh Ahmadizadeh
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Brett C Hannigan
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Menon
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology (BMHT) Group, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
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13
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Deng P, Wang Y, Yang R, He Z, Tan Y, Chen Z, Liu J, Li T. Self-Powered Smart Textile Based on Dynamic Schottky Diode for Human-Machine Interactions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207298. [PMID: 36782105 PMCID: PMC10104626 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustained self-powered devices with multifunctional sensing networks is one of the main challenges for smart textiles, which are the critical elements for the future Internet of Things (IoT) and Point of Care (POC). Here, cellulose-based smart textile is integrated with dynamic Schottky diode (DSD) to generate sustained power source (current density of 8.9 mA m⁻2 ) for self-powered built-in sensing network. In response to normal and shear motions, a pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 0.12 KPa⁻1 and an impact sensor are demonstrated, respectively. The woven structure of the textile contributes to signal amplification, which can also form a matrix of sensing elements for distributed sensing. The proposed strategy of fabricating self-powered and multifunctional sensing networks with smart textiles shows tremendous potential for future intelligent society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Deng
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
- RENEW (Research and Education in EnergyEnvironment and Water) InstituteUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Zijian He
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Yuanqiu Tan
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
- RENEW (Research and Education in EnergyEnvironment and Water) InstituteUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Tian Li
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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14
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Dong XX, Cao YM, Wang C, Wu B, Zheng M, Xue YB, Li W, Han B, Zheng M, Wang ZS, Zhuo MP. MXene-Decorated Smart Textiles with the Desired Mid-Infrared Emissivity for Passive Personal Thermal Management. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12032-12040. [PMID: 36802223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional and long-term stable wearable heating systems have attracted extensive attention from experts, yet smart textiles that only rely on harvesting the body's heat without additional energy still face huge challenges in practical applications. Herein, we rationally prepared the monolayer MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets via an in situ hydrofluoric acid generation method, which was further employed to construct a wearable heating system of MXene @ polyester polyurethane blend fabrics (MP textile) for the passive personal thermal management through a simple spraying process. Owing to the unique two-dimensional (2D) structure, the MP textile presents the desired mid-infrared emissivity, which could efficiently suppress the thermal radiation loss from the human body. Notably, the MP textile with an MXene concentration of 28 mg/mL exhibits a low mid-infrared emissivity of 19.53% at 7-14 μm. Significantly, these prepared MP textiles demonstrate an enhanced temperature of more than 6.83 °C compared with those of favorably traditional fabrics, involving the black polyester fabric, pristine polyester polyurethane blend fabric (PU/PET), and cotton, suggesting a charming indoor passive radiative heating performance. The temperature of real human skin covered by MP textile is 2.68 °C higher than that covered by cotton fabric. Impressively, these prepared MP textiles simultaneously possess attractive breathability, moisture permeability, mechanical strength, and washability, which provide new insight into human body temperature regulation and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mi Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang-Biao Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Naton Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zuo-Shan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Naton Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ming-Peng Zhuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Dai Y, Qi K, Ou K, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Song H, He J, Wang H, Wang R. Ag NW-Embedded Coaxial Nanofiber-Coated Yarns with High Stretchability and Sensitivity for Wearable Multi-Sensing Textiles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:11244-11258. [PMID: 36791272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging intelligent piezoresistive yarn/textile-based sensors are of paramount importance for skin-interface electronics, owing to their unparalleled features including softness, breathability, and easy integration with functional devices. However, employing a facile way to fabricate 1D sensing yarns with mechanical robustness, multi-functional integration, and comfortability is still demanded for satisfying the practical applications. Herein, a facile one-step synchronous conjugated electrospinning and electrospraying technique is innovatively employed to continuously construct an Ag NW-embedded polyurethane (PU) nanofiber sensing yarn (AENSY) with hierarchical architecture. This 1D AENSY with weavability and stretchability can be woven into AENSY textile-based sensors integrated with functions of strain and pressure sensing. In this embedded multi-scale architecture, Ag NWs are evenly embedded and locked in the oriented and twisted PU nanofiber (PUNF) scaffold, forming the hierarchical mechanical sensing layer on the surface of the AENSY with favorable stability. Meanwhile, the presence of the elastic PUNFs enhances porosity, elasticity, and considerable deformation space, which in turn endow the AENSY textile-based sensor with a gauge factor (GF) up to 1010, a pressure sensitivity up to 16.7 N-1, high stretchability up to 160%, and high stability under long-term cycles. In addition, the AENSY textile-based sensor exhibits light weight and the unique advantage of skin-friendliness with the human body, which can be directly and conformally attached to the curved human skin to monitor the various human movements. Furthermore, the weavable AENSYs can be integrated into smart textiles with sensing arrays, which are capable for spatial pressure and strain mapping. Thus, the continuous one-step developing process and the stable embedded-twisted fiber structure provide a promising strategy to develop innovative smart yarns and textiles for personalized healthcare and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Dai
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qi
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Ou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yutang Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yuman Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin He
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongwu Wang
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
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16
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Iliescu BF, Mancasi VN, Ilie ID, Mancasi I, Costachescu B, Rotariu DI. Design Principle and Proofing of a New Smart Textile Material That Acts as a Sensor for Immobility in Severe Bed-Confined Patients. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2573. [PMID: 36904777 PMCID: PMC10007060 DOI: 10.3390/s23052573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The immobility of patients confined to continuous bed rest continues to raise a couple of very serious challenges for modern medicine. In particular, the overlooking of sudden onset immobility (as in acute stroke) and the delay in addressing the underlying conditions are of utmost importance for the patient and, in the long term, for the medical and social systems. This paper describes the design principles and concrete implementation of a new smart textile material that can form the substrate of intensive care bedding, that acts as a mobility/immobility sensor in itself. The textile sheet acts as a multi-point pressure-sensitive surface that sends continuous capacitance readings through a connector box to a computer running a dedicated software. The design of the capacitance circuit ensures enough individual points to provide an accurate description of the overlying shape and weight. We describe the textile composition and circuit design as well as the preliminary data collected during testing to demonstrate the validity of the complete solution. These results suggest that the smart textile sheet is a very sensitive pressure sensor and can provide continuous discriminatory information to allow for the very sensitive, real-time detection of immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Florin Iliescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad Niki Mancasi
- School of Industrial Design and Business Management, Gh. Asachi University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Bogdan Costachescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Ilie Rotariu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Gr T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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17
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Abedin S, Biondi AM, Wu R, Cao L, Wang X. Structural Health Monitoring Using a New Type of Distributed Fiber Optic Smart Textiles in Combination with Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR): Taking a Pedestrian Bridge as Case Study. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1591. [PMID: 36772632 PMCID: PMC9921771 DOI: 10.3390/s23031591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) have become a new method for continuously monitoring infrastructure status. However, the fiber's fragility and the installation's complexity are some of the main drawbacks of this monitoring approach. This paper aims to overcome this limitation by embedding a fiber optic sensor into a textile for a faster and easier installation process. To demonstrate its feasibility, the smart textile was installed on a pedestrian bridge at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. In addition, dynamic strain data were collected for two different years (2021 and 2022) using Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) and compared, to determine the variability of the data after one year of installation. We determined that no significant change was observed in the response pattern, and the difference between the amplitude of both datasets was 14% (one person jumping on the bridge) and 43% (two people jumping) at the first frequency band. This result shows the proposed system's functionality after one year of installation, as well as its potential use for traffic monitoring.
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18
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McCrae P, Spong H, Golestani N, Mahnam A, Bashura Y, Pearson W. Validation of an Equine Smart Textile System for Heart Rate Variability: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030512. [PMID: 36766401 PMCID: PMC9913118 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiograms (ECGs), and associated heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements, are essential in assessing equine cardiovascular health and fitness. Smart textiles have gained popularity, but limited validation work has been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare HR and HRV data obtained using a smart textile system (Myant) to the gold-standard telemetric device (Televet). Simultaneous ECGs were obtained using both systems in seven horses at rest and during a submaximal exercise test. Bland-Altman tests were used to assess agreement between the two devices. Strong to perfect correlations without significant differences between the two devices were observed for all metrics assessed. During exercise, mean biases of 0.31 bpm (95% limits of agreement: -1.99 to 2.61) for HR, 1.43 ms (-11.48 to 14.33) for standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDRR), and 0.04 (-2.30 to 2.38) for the HRV triangular index (TI) were observed. A very strong correlation was found between the two devices for HR (r = 0.9993, p < 0.0001) and for HRV parameters (SDRR r = 0.8765, p < 0.0001; TI r = 0.8712, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that a smart textile system is reliable for assessment of HR and HRV of horses at rest and during submaximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persephone McCrae
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hannah Spong
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nadia Golestani
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amin Mahnam
- Department of Research and Development, Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada
| | - Yana Bashura
- Department of Research and Development, Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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19
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Silvestre R, Garcia-Breijo E, Ferri J, Montava I, Bou-Belda E. The Influence of the Structure of Cotton Fabrics on the Adhesion of Conductive Polymer Printed with 3D Printing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771969 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology is being increasingly applied in a multitude of sectors. However, this technology is not generally applied in the same way as in other sectors, possibly due to the difficulty of adhesion between the polymer and the textile substrate. A textile garment is subjected to wear and tear during its lifetime, and a low tensile strength or rubbing resistance hinders a garment in most of the applications of this type of research. This study examined the influence of the characteristics of the cotton textile substrate, such as the weave structure and the yarn thickness, on the tensile strength of a 3D-printed element with conductive filament. Starting from the fabric with the highest tensile strength, different prints were made using this technology to incorporate conductive and heating properties into the fabric. The results validate the possibility of providing new properties to the textile by means of this technology; however, the correct selection of the textile used as a base substrate is important.
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20
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He C, Zhao P, Zhang H, Chen K, Liu B, Lu Z, Li Y, La P, Liu G, Gao X. Efficient Warming Textile Enhanced by a High-Entropy Spectrally Selective Nanofilm with High Solar Absorption. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2204817. [PMID: 36446628 PMCID: PMC9875644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar and radiative warming are smart approaches to maintaining the human body at a metabolically comfortable temperature in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Nevertheless, existing warming textiles are ineffective in frigid climates because the solar absorption of selective absorbing coating is significantly reduced when coated on rough textile surface. Herein, for the first time, high-entropy nitrides based spectrally selective film (SSF) is introduced on common cotton through a one-step magnetron sputtering method. The well-designed refractive index gradient enables destructive interference effects, offering a roughness-insensitive high solar absorptance (92.8%) and low thermal emittance (39.2%). Impressively, the solar absorptance is 9.1% higher than the reported best-performing selective nanofilm-based textile. As a result, such a textile achieves a record-high photothermal conversion efficiency (82.2% under 0.6 suns, at 0 °C). This textile yields a 3.5 °C drop in the set-point of indoor air-conditioner temperature. Besides, in a winter morning with an air temperature of 7.5 °C, it warms up the human skin by as large as 12 °C under weak sunlight (350 W m-2 ). More importantly, such a superior radiative warming performance is achieved by engineering the widely used cotton without compromising its breathability and durability, showing great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Yu He
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous MetalsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kai Chen
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Bao‐Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Zhong‐Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Pei‐Qing La
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous MetalsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiang‐Hu Gao
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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21
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Daugulis P, Kataševs A, Okss A. Estimation of the knee joint load using plantar pressure data measured by smart socks: A feasibility study. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:2423-2434. [PMID: 38042996 DOI: 10.3233/thc-235008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsupervised sports activities could cause traumas, about 70% of them are those of the low extremities. To avoid traumas, the athlete should be aware of dangerous forces acting within low extremity joints. Research in gait analysis indicated that plantar pressure alteration rate correlates with the gait pace. Thus, the changes in plantar pressure should correlate with the accelerations of extremities, and with the forces, acting in the joints. Smart socks provide a budget solution for the measurement of plantar pressure. OBJECTIVE To estimate the correlation between the plantar pressure, measured using smart socks, and forces, acting in the joints of the lower extremities. METHODS The research is case study based. The volunteer performed a set of squats. The arbitrary plantar pressure-related data were obtained using originally developed smart socks with embedded knitted pressure sensors. Simultaneously, the lower extremity motion data were recorded using two inertial measurement units, attached to the tight and the ankle, from which the forces acted in the knee joint were estimated. The simplest possible model of knee joint mechanics was used to estimate force. RESULTS The estimates of the plantar pressure and knee joint forces demonstrate a strong correlation (r= 0.75, P< 0.001). The established linear regression equation enables the calculation of the knee joint force with an uncertainty of 22% using the plantar pressure estimate. The accuracy of the classification of the joint force as excessive, i.e., being more than 90% of the maximal force, was 82%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility of the smart socks for the estimation of the forces in the knee joints. Smart socks therefore could be used to develop excessive joint force alert devices, that could replace less convenient inertial sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauls Daugulis
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aleksejs Kataševs
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aleksandrs Okss
- Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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22
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Chen Y, Ling Y, Yin R. Fiber/Yarn-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs): Fabrication Strategy, Structure, and Application. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9716. [PMID: 36560085 PMCID: PMC9781987 DOI: 10.3390/s22249716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the demand of a sustainable, wearable, environmentally friendly energy source, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were developed. TENG is a promising method to convert mechanical energy from motion into electrical energy. The combination of textile and TENG successfully enables wearable, self-driving electronics and sensor systems. As the primary unit of textiles, fiber and yarn become the focus of research in designing of textile-TENGs. In this review, we introduced the preparation, structure, and design strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs in recent research. We discussed the structure design and material selection of fiber/yarn TENGs according to the different functions it realizes. The fabrication strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs into textile-TENG are provided. Finally, we summarize the main applications of existing textile TENGs and give forward prospects for their subsequent development.
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23
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Alhashmi Alamer F, Almalki GA. Fabrication of Conductive Fabrics Based on SWCNTs, MWCNTs and Graphene and Their Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559743 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of conductive fabrics has been challenged by the increasing popularity of these materials in the production of conductive, flexible and lightweight textiles, so-called smart textiles, which make our lives easier. These electronic textiles can be used in a wide range of human applications, from medical devices to consumer products. Recently, several scientific results on smart textiles have been published, focusing on the key factors that affect the performance of smart textiles, such as the type of substrate, the type of conductive materials, and the manufacturing method to use them in the appropriate application. Smart textiles have already been fabricated from various fabrics and different conductive materials, such as metallic nanoparticles, conductive polymers, and carbon-based materials. In this review, we study the fabrication of conductive fabrics based on carbon materials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, which represent a growing class of high-performance materials for conductive textiles and provide them with superior electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper comprehensively describes conductive fabrics based on single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The fabrication process, physical properties, and their increasing importance in the field of electronic devices are discussed.
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24
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Biondi A, Wu R, Cao L, Gopalan B, Ivey J, Garces C, Mitchell M, Williams JD, Wang X. Fiber Optic Sensing Textile for Strain Monitoring in Composite Substrates. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9262. [PMID: 36501963 PMCID: PMC9735972 DOI: 10.3390/s22239262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Composite polymers have become widely used in industries such as the aerospace, automobile, and civil construction industries. Continuous monitoring is essential to optimize the composite components' performance and durability. This paper describes the concept of a distributed fiber optic smart textile (DFOST) embedded into a composite panel that can be implemented during the fabrication process of bridges, planes, or vehicles without damaging the integrity of the composite. The smart textile used an embroidery method to create DFOST for easy installation between composite laminates. It also allows different layout patterns to provide two- or three-dimensional measurements. The DFOST system can then measure strain, temperature, and displacement changes, providing critical information for structural assessment. The DFOST was interrogated by using an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). It could measure strain variation during the dynamic and static test with a spatial resolution of 2 mm and a minimum strain resolution of 10 μϵ. This paper focuses on the study of strain measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Biondi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Lidan Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Balaji Gopalan
- Saint-Gobain Research North America, Northborough, MA 01532, USA
| | - Jackson Ivey
- Saint-Gobain Research North America, Northborough, MA 01532, USA
| | - Camila Garces
- Saint-Gobain Research North America, Northborough, MA 01532, USA
| | | | | | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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25
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McCrae P, Spong H, Rutherford AA, Osborne V, Mahnam A, Pearson W. A Smart Textile Band Achieves High-Quality Electrocardiograms in Unrestrained Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233254. [PMID: 36496775 PMCID: PMC9740902 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential tool in assessing equine health and fitness. However, standard ECG devices are expensive and rely on the use of adhesive electrodes, which may become detached and are associated with reduced ECG quality over time. Smart textile electrodes composed of stainless-steel fibers have previously been shown to be a suitable alternative in horses at rest and during exercise. The objective of this study was to compare ECG quality using a smart textile girth band knit with silver and carbon yarns to standard adhesive silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. Simultaneous three-lead ECGs were recorded using a smart textile band and Ag/AgCl electrodes in 22 healthy, mixed-breed horses that were unrestrained in stalls. ECGs were compared using the following quality metrics: Kurtosis (k) value, Kurtosis signal quality index (kSQI), percentage of motion artifacts (%MA), peak signal amplitude, and heart rate (HR). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests was conducted to compare each metric. No significant differences were found in any of the assessed metrics between the smart textile band and Ag/AgCl electrodes, with the exception of peak amplitude. Kurtosis and kSQI values were excellent for both methods (textile mean k = 21.8 ± 6.1, median kSQI = 0.98 [0.92−1.0]; Ag/AgCl k = 21.2 ± 7.6, kSQI = 0.99 [0.97−1.0]) with <0.5% (<1 min) of the recording being corrupted by MAs for both. This study demonstrates that smart textiles are a practical and reliable alternative to the standard electrodes typically used in ECG monitoring of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persephone McCrae
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hannah Spong
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Vern Osborne
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amin Mahnam
- Department of Research and Development, Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Carette M, Gisbert-Payá J, Capablanca L, Bou-Belda E. Influence of the Type of Binder Used in the Treatment of Cotton Fabric with Montmorillonite Particles on the Release of Negative Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224945. [PMID: 36433072 PMCID: PMC9699547 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, mineral clays have had a multitude of applications. With recent developments in the textile industry, they have been used for their antimicrobial properties. As a promising phyllosilicate with a negative layer charge, montmorillonite (MMT) was used in this work to treat cotton fabric to evaluate its ability to generate negative air ions (NAIs). The MMT was dispersed with varying binder concentrations. Resins of different composition (polyurethane or acrylic) was applied to cotton fabric by padding, and the negative ion count was measured. Two types of MMT with different characteristics were tested. Electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to study the presence of MMT particles on the cotton fabric surface, and the colors of the samples were tested. It was observed that the composition of the binder used had a significant influence on the number of negative ions released by the treated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Carette
- Faculty of Sciences, HO University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaime Gisbert-Payá
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Lucía Capablanca
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Eva Bou-Belda
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
- Correspondence:
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27
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Govindan T, Palaniswamy SK, Kanagasabai M, Kumar S, Marey M, Mostafa H. Design and Analysis of a Flexible Smart Apparel MIMO Antenna for Bio-Healthcare Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1919. [PMID: 36363940 PMCID: PMC9696043 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and development of a quad-port smart textile antenna for bio-healthcare applications. The antenna is designed to operate in the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum (3.1−12 GHz) with an impedance bandwidth of 8.9 GHz. The size of the unit cell and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna are 0.25λ0 × 0.2λ0 × 0.015λ0 and 0.52λ0 × 0.52λ0 × 0.015λ0, respectively. The antenna has a maximum efficiency of 93% and a peak gain of 4.62 dBi. The investigation of diversity metrics is performed and the results obtained are found to be ECC < 0.08 and DG < 9.99 dB. The computed CCL and TARC values are <0.13 bits/s/Hz and <−12 dB, respectively. The SAR analysis of the antenna shows a value of 0.471 Watt/Kg at 4 GHz, 0.39 Watt/Kg at 7 GHz, and 0.22 Watt/Kg at 10 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thennarasi Govindan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Malathi Kanagasabai
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Mohamed Marey
- Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Mostafa
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Ruckdashel RR, Khadse N, Park JH. Smart E-Textiles: Overview of Components and Outlook. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22166055. [PMID: 36015815 PMCID: PMC9416033 DOI: 10.3390/s22166055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have gained great interest from academia and industries alike, spanning interdisciplinary efforts from materials science, electrical engineering, art, design, and computer science. While recent innovation has been promising, unmet needs between the commercial and academic sectors are pronounced in this field, especially for electronic-based textiles, or e-textiles. In this review, we aim to address the gap by (i) holistically investigating e-textiles' constituents and their evolution, (ii) identifying the needs and roles of each discipline and sector, and (iii) addressing the gaps between them. The components of e-textiles-base fabrics, interconnects, sensors, actuators, computers, and power storage/generation-can be made at multiscale levels of textile, e.g., fiber, yarn, fabric, coatings, and embellishments. The applications, current state, and sustainable future directions for e-textile fields are discussed, which encompasses health monitoring, soft robotics, education, and fashion applications.
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29
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Trovato V, Mezzi A, Brucale M, Abdeh H, Drommi D, Rosace G, Plutino MR. Sol-Gel Assisted Immobilization of Alizarin Red S on Polyester Fabrics for Developing Stimuli-Responsive Wearable Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142788. [PMID: 35890564 PMCID: PMC9316453 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of stimuli-responsive materials, introducing a pH-sensitive dyestuff onto textile fabrics is a promising approach for the development of wearable sensors. In this paper, the alizarin red S dyestuff bonded with a sol-gel precursor, namely trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane, was used to functionalize polyethylene terephthalate fabrics, a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester largely used in the healthcare sector mainly due to its advantages, including mechanical strength, biocompatibility and resistance against abrasion and chemicals. The obtained hybrid halochromic silane-based coating on polyester fabrics was investigated with several chemical characterization techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy confirmed the immobilization of the dyestuff-based silane matrix onto polyethylene terephthalate samples through self-condensation of hydrolyzed silanols under the curing process. The reversibility and repeatability of pH-sensing properties of treated polyester fabrics in the pH range 2.0-8.0 were confirmed with diffuse reflectance and CIELAB color space characterizations. Polyester fabric functionalized with halochromic silane-based coating shows the durability of halochromic properties conversely to fabric treated with plain alizarin red S, thus highlighting the potentiality of the sol-gel approach in developing durable halochromic coating on synthetic substrates. The developed wearable pH-meter device could find applications as a non-invasive pH sensor for wellness and healthcare fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trovato
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy; (H.A.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (M.R.P.)
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy;
| | - Marco Brucale
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Hamed Abdeh
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy; (H.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Dario Drommi
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy; (H.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (M.R.P.)
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30
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Saber D, Abd El-Aziz K. Advanced materials used in wearable health care devices and medical textiles in the battle against coronavirus (COVID-19): A review. J Ind Text 2022; 51:246S-271S. [PMID: 38603366 PMCID: PMC9301358 DOI: 10.1177/15280837211041771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated great confusion around the world, affecting people's lives and producing a large number of deaths. The development of portable and wearable devices is of great importance in several fields such as point-of-care medical applications and environmental monitoring. Wearable devices with an ability to collect various types of physiological records are progressively becoming incorporated into everyday life of people. Physiological indicators are essential health indicators and their monitoring could efficiently enable early discovery of disease. This would also help decrease the number of extra severe health problems, in disease avoidance, and lower the overall public sector health cost. Protective clothing is nowadays a main part of textiles classified as technical or industrial textiles. Protective clothing aims to protect its wearer from the harsh environmental impacts that may result in injury or death. Providing protection for the common population has also been taken seriously considering the anticipated disaster due to virus attacks. This review highlights the properties of the materials that are used in wearable health care device and medical textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saber
- Materials Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Industrial Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abd El-Aziz
- Materials Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Simegnaw AA, Malengier B, Tadesse MG, Van Langenhove L. Development of Stainless Steel Yarn with Embedded Surface Mounted Light Emitting Diodes. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2892. [PMID: 35454585 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of electronic components in/onto conductive textile yarns without compromising textile qualities such as flexibility, conformability, heat and moisture transfer, and wash resistance is essential to ensuring acceptance of electronic textiles. One solution is creating flexible and stretchable conductive yarns that contain tiny surface-mounted electronic elements embedded at the fiber level. The purpose of this work was to manufacture and subsequently evaluate the physical features and electromechanical properties of stainless steel yarn with light-emitting surface mounted devices (SMDs) embedded in it. The SMDs were successfully integrated into a conductive stainless steel yarn (SS) by inserting crimp beads and creating a bond through hot air soldering machines, resulting in what we call an E-yarn. The relationship curves between gauge length and electrical resistance, and the relationship curves between conductive yarn elongation and electrical resistance, were explored experimentally. The results of the analysis demonstrated that E-yarn had a lower tensile strength than the original electrically-conductive SS yarn. The effects of the washing cycle on the conductivity of the E-yarn were also investigated and studied. The results showed that E-yarns encapsulated at the solder pad by heat shrink tube still functioned well after ten machine wash cycles, after which they degraded greatly.
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Wood DS, Jensen K, Crane A, Lee H, Dennis H, Gladwell J, Shurtz A, Fullwood DT, Seeley MK, Mitchell UH, Christensen WF, Bowden AE. Accurate Prediction of Knee Angles during Open-Chain Rehabilitation Exercises Using a Wearable Array of Nanocomposite Stretch Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22072499. [PMID: 35408112 PMCID: PMC9003122 DOI: 10.3390/s22072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a knee sleeve is presented for application in physical therapy applications relating to knee rehabilitation. The device is instrumented with sixteen piezoresistive sensors to measure knee angles during exercise, and can support at-home rehabilitation methods. The development of the device is presented. Testing was performed on eighteen subjects, and knee angles were predicted using a machine learning regressor. Subject-specific and device-specific models are analyzed and presented. Subject-specific models average root mean square errors of 7.6 and 1.8 degrees for flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, respectively. Device-specific models average root mean square errors of 12.6 and 3.5 degrees for flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, respectively. The device presented in this work proved to be a repeatable, reusable, low-cost device that can adequately model the knee's flexion/extension and internal/external rotation angles for rehabilitation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Kurt Jensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Allison Crane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Hayden Dennis
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Joshua Gladwell
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - Anne Shurtz
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - David T. Fullwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Matthew K. Seeley
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Ulrike H. Mitchell
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - William F. Christensen
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - Anton E. Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Xie X, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Ge D, Yang L. Enhanced IR Radiative Cooling of Silver Coated PA Textile. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010147. [PMID: 35012169 PMCID: PMC8747296 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart textile with IR radiative cooling is of paramount importance for reducing energy consumption and improving the thermal comfort of individuals. However, wearable textile via facile methods for indoor/outdoor thermal management is still challenging. Here we present a novel simple, yet effective method for versatile thermal management via silver-coated polyamide (PA) textile. Infrared transmittance of coated fabric is greatly enhanced by 150% due to the multi-order reflection of silver coating. Based on their IR radiative cooling, indoors and outdoors, the skin surface temperature is lower by 1.1 and 0.9 °C than normal PA cloth, allowing the textile to be used in multiple environments. Moreover, the coated fabric is capable of active warming up under low voltage, which can be used in low-temperature conditions. These promising results exemplify the practicability of using silver-coated textile as a personal thermal management cloth in versatile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (D.G.)
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (D.G.)
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dengteng Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (D.G.)
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
- Correspondence:
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Simegnaw AA, Malengier B, Tadesse MG, Rotich G, Van Langenhove L. Study the Electrical Properties of Surface Mount Device Integrated Silver Coated Vectran Yarn. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:ma15010272. [PMID: 35009418 PMCID: PMC8746232 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smart textiles have attracted huge attention due to their potential applications for ease of life. Recently, smart textiles have been produced by means of incorporation of electronic components onto/into conductive metallic yarns. The development, characterizations, and electro-mechanical testing of surface mounted electronic device (SMD) integrated E-yarns is still limited. There is a vulnerability to short circuits as non-filament conductive yarns have protruding fibers. It is important to determine the best construction method and study the factors that influence the textile properties of the base yarn. This paper investigated the effects of different external factors, namely, strain, solder pad size, temperature, abrasion, and washing on the electrical resistance of SMD integrated silver-coated Vectran (SCV) yarn. For this, a Vectran E-yarn was fabricated by integrating the SMD resistor into a SCV yarn by applying a vapor phase reflow soldering method. The results showed that the conductive gauge length, strain, overlap solder pad size, temperature, abrasion, and washing had a significant effect on the electrical resistance property of the SCV E-yarn. In addition, based on the experiment, the E-yarn made from SCV conductive thread and 68 Ω SMD resistor had the maximum electrical resistance and power of 72.16 Ω and 0.29 W per 0.31 m length. Therefore, the structure of this E-yarn is also expected to bring great benefits to manufacturing wearable conductive tracks and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdella Ahmmed Simegnaw
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.M.); (L.V.L.)
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Benny Malengier
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.M.); (L.V.L.)
| | - Melkie Getnet Tadesse
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia;
| | - Gideon Rotich
- Industrial and Textile, School of Engineering and Technology, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui 90215, Kenya;
| | - Lieva Van Langenhove
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.M.); (L.V.L.)
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Proesmans R, Verleysen A, Vleugels R, Veske P, De Gusseme VL, Wyffels F. Modular Piezoresistive Smart Textile for State Estimation of Cloths. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 22:222. [PMID: 35009765 PMCID: PMC8749674 DOI: 10.3390/s22010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have found numerous applications ranging from health monitoring to smart homes. Their main allure is their flexibility, which allows for seamless integration of sensing in everyday objects like clothing. The application domain also includes robotics; smart textiles have been used to improve human-robot interaction, to solve the problem of state estimation of soft robots, and for state estimation to enable learning of robotic manipulation of textiles. The latter application provides an alternative to computationally expensive vision-based pipelines and we believe it is the key to accelerate robotic learning of textile manipulation. Current smart textiles, however, maintain wired connections to external units, which impedes robotic manipulation, and lack modularity to facilitate state estimation of large cloths. In this work, we propose an open-source, fully wireless, highly flexible, light, and modular version of a piezoresistive smart textile. Its output stability was experimentally quantified and determined to be sufficient for classification tasks. Its functionality as a state sensor for larger cloths was also verified in a classification task where two of the smart textiles were sewn onto a piece of clothing of which three states are defined. The modular smart textile system was able to recognize these states with average per-class F1-scores ranging from 85.7 to 94.6% with a basic linear classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Proesmans
- IDLab-AIRO, Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (A.V.); (R.V.); (V.-L.D.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Andreas Verleysen
- IDLab-AIRO, Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (A.V.); (R.V.); (V.-L.D.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Robbe Vleugels
- IDLab-AIRO, Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (A.V.); (R.V.); (V.-L.D.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Paula Veske
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
| | - Victor-Louis De Gusseme
- IDLab-AIRO, Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (A.V.); (R.V.); (V.-L.D.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Francis Wyffels
- IDLab-AIRO, Ghent University, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (A.V.); (R.V.); (V.-L.D.G.); (F.W.)
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Wu S, Cui Z, Baker GL, Mahendran S, Xie Z, Zhu Y. A Biaxially Stretchable and Self-Sensing Textile Heater Using Silver Nanowire Composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59085-59091. [PMID: 34860492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters have garnered significant attention from academia and industry for their great potential in thermotherapy. Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a promising conductive material for flexible and stretchable electrodes. Here, a resistive, biaxially stretchable heater based on AgNW composite is reported for the first time, where a AgNW percolation network is encased in a thin polyimide (PI) film and integrated with a highly stretchable textile. AgNW/PI is patterned with a 2D Kirigami structure, which enables constant resistance under a large tensile strain (up to uniaxial 100% strain and 50% biaxial strain). The heater can achieve a high temperature of ∼140 °C with a low current of 0.125 A, fast heating and cooling rates of ∼16.5 and ∼14.1 °C s-1, respectively, and stable performance over 400 heating cycles. A feedback control system is developed to provide constant heating temperature under a temperature change of the surrounding environment. Demonstrated applications in applying thermotherapy at the curvilinear surface of the knee using the stretchable heater illustrate its promising potential for wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - G Langston Baker
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Siddarth Mahendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Vevere A, Oks A, Katashev A, Terlecka G, Saiva L, Jansons M, Dyachenko N, Seglina P. Smart textile device for shooter's fingers movement monitoring. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:217-229. [PMID: 34806635 DOI: 10.3233/thc-219005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manner in which shooters pull the trigger may significantly affect the shooter's results. Shooting coaches are often not able to detect incorrect pull because of gun movement during the shot and recoil. OBJECTIVE Development of the smart-textile based trigger pull monitoring system and demonstration of its ability to distinguish correct and wrong triggering techniques. METHODS Two separated knitted resistive pressure sensors were integrated over III and II phalanges in the index finger fingerstall; single sensor was integrated over both III and II phalanges of the middle finger fingerstall. Resistance of the sensors was measured in a course of shots, performed by expert shooter, which simulated typical novice's trigger pull errors. RESULTS Sensors' resistance recordings were made for following erroneous trigger pull motions: pulling of the trigger with index finger's II phalanx instead of III; fast and jerky trigger pull (trigger tear-off); too fast release of the trigger after shot; and excessive grip force, applied by middle finger. For each type of erroneous movement, recordings waveforms included distinguishable features that characterised a particular type of error. CONCLUSIONS The developed trigger pull monitoring system provides signals that could be used for recognition of the incorrect trigger pull motions during gun shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Vevere
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnlogies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexander Oks
- Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexei Katashev
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnlogies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Galina Terlecka
- Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Saiva
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Natalya Dyachenko
- Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Cao YM, Zheng M, Li YF, Zhai WY, Yuan GT, Zheng M, Zhuo MP, Wang ZS, Liao LS. Smart Textiles Based on MoS 2 Hollow Nanospheres for Personal Thermal Management. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:48988-48996. [PMID: 34623128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are of particular interest in high-performance photothermal conversion, yet there remains a huge challenge in their practical application in smart textiles for healthcare, energy, and personal protection. Herein, we controllably prepared MoS2 hollow nanospheres with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 36% via a microemulsion-hydrothermal method, which was further applied to construct photothermal fibers for personal thermal management after a hot-blast dip-drying process. Because of the prominent photothermal effect, the temperature of the photothermal fibers sharply increases from the room temperature value of 25.0 to 55.5 °C in 60 s under near-infrared illumination with a power density of 500 W/cm2. Furthermore, the photothermal fiber pad demonstrated an obvious temperature enhancement of 38.0 °C from a skin temperature of 22.0 °C after it was irradiated by natural sunlight for 60 s. Significantly, the antibacterial elimination rates of the photothermal fibers for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are ∼99.9 and ∼99.8%, respectively. This strategy affords an avenue toward the practical application of photothermal materials in smart fibers for personal thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Cao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mi Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wang-Yi Zhai
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guo-Tao Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ming-Peng Zhuo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zuo-Shan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Simegnaw AA, Malengier B, Rotich G, Tadesse MG, Van Langenhove L. Review on the Integration of Microelectronics for E-Textile. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5113. [PMID: 34501200 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern electronic textiles are moving towards flexible wearable textiles, so-called e-textiles that have micro-electronic elements embedded onto the textile fabric that can be used for varied classes of functionalities. There are different methods of integrating rigid microelectronic components into/onto textiles for the development of smart textiles, which include, but are not limited to, physical, mechanical, and chemical approaches. The integration systems must satisfy being flexible, lightweight, stretchable, and washable to offer a superior usability, comfortability, and non-intrusiveness. Furthermore, the resulting wearable garment needs to be breathable. In this review work, three levels of integration of the microelectronics into/onto the textile structures are discussed, the textile-adapted, the textile-integrated, and the textile-based integration. The textile-integrated and the textile-adapted e-textiles have failed to efficiently meet being flexible and washable. To overcome the above problems, researchers studied the integration of microelectronics into/onto textile at fiber or yarn level applying various mechanisms. Hence, a new method of integration, textile-based, has risen to the challenge due to the flexibility and washability advantages of the ultimate product. In general, the aim of this review is to provide a complete overview of the different interconnection methods of electronic components into/onto textile substrate.
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Di Tocco J, Raiano L, Sabbadini R, Massaroni C, Formica D, Schena E. A Wearable System with Embedded Conductive Textiles and an IMU for Unobtrusive Cardio-Respiratory Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3018. [PMID: 33923071 DOI: 10.3390/s21093018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous and simultaneous monitoring of physiological parameters represents a key aspect in clinical environments, remote monitoring and occupational settings. In this regard, respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) are correlated with several physiological and pathological conditions of the patients/workers, and with environmental stressors. In this work, we present and validate a wearable device for the continuous monitoring of such parameters. The proposed system embeds four conductive sensors located on the user's chest which allow retrieving the breathing activity through their deformation induced during cyclic expansion and contraction of the rib cage. For monitoring HR we used an embedded IMU located on the left side of the chest wall. We compared the proposed device in terms of estimating HR and RR against a reference system in three scenarios: sitting, standing and supine. The proposed system reliably estimated both RR and HR, showing low error averaged along subjects in all scenarios. This is the first study focused on the feasibility assessment of a wearable system based on a multi-sensor configuration (i.e., conductive sensors and IMU) for RR and HR monitoring. The promising results encourage the application of this approach in clinical and occupational settings.
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Abstract
We report the unique actuation characteristics of moisture-driven, fully reversible soft biopolymer films fabricated from Bombyx mori silk. The instantaneous actuation is driven by the water vapor induced stress gradient generated across the thickness of the film, and it possesses subsecond response and actuation times. The excellent durability and consistent performance of the film without any noticeable fatigue are established by subjecting it to more than a thousand continuous actuation cycles. The weight-lifting capability of the film is fascinating, where a few tens of micrograms of water generate a colossal force required to lift hundreds of milligrams of weight. Several other potential uses of silk fibroin based soft actuators, such as an intelligent textile layer with the crescent-shaped windows that open on perspiring skin and an autonomous crawler, are also demonstrated. Interestingly, even moisture emanating from the human palm triggers the ultrafast actuation process. These silk films are fabricated using a simple facile solution-casting technique, which can be scaled up with relative ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Manikandan
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Aathira Murali
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad, 678557, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Atanasova D, Staneva D, Grabchev I. Textile Materials Modified with Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier for Skin Topical and Transdermal Delivery. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14040930. [PMID: 33669245 PMCID: PMC7919809 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Textile materials, as a suitable matrix for different active substances facilitating their gradual release, can have an important role in skin topical or transdermal therapy. Characterized by compositional and structural variety, those materials readily meet the requirements for applications in specific therapies. Aromatherapy, antimicrobial substances and painkillers, hormone therapy, psoriasis treatment, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, etc., are some of the areas where textiles can be used as carriers. There are versatile optional methods for loading the biologically active substances onto textile materials. The oldest ones are by exhaustion, spraying, and a pad-dry-cure method. Another widespread method is the microencapsulation. The modification of textile materials with stimuli-responsive polymers is a perspective route to obtaining new textiles of improved multifunctional properties and intelligent response. In recent years, research has focused on new structures such as dendrimers, polymer micelles, liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Numerous functional groups and the ability to encapsulate different substances define dendrimer molecules as promising carriers for drug delivery. Hydrogels are also high molecular hydrophilic structures that can be used to modify textile material. They absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids and can support the delivery of medicines. These characteristics correspond to one of the current trends in the development of materials used in transdermal therapy, namely production of intelligent materials, i.e., such that allow controlled concentration and time delivery of the active substance and simultaneous visualization of the process, which can only be achieved with appropriate and purposeful modification of the textile material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Atanasova
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Staneva
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-8163266
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Jung de Andrade M, Fang S, Zhang Z, Wu J, Baughman RH. Humidity- and Water-Responsive Torsional and Contractile Lotus Fiber Yarn Artificial Muscles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6642-6649. [PMID: 33444009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Materials that dynamically respond to their environment have diverse applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics, and smart textiles. Inspired by biological systems, humidity- and water-responsive actuators that bend, twist, and contract have been previously demonstrated. However, more powerful artificial muscles with large strokes and high work densities are needed, especially those that can be made cost-effectively from eco-friendly materials. We here derive such muscles from naturally abundant lotus fibers. A coiled lotus fiber yarn muscle provides a large, reversible tensile stroke of 38% and a work capacity during contraction of 450 J/kg, which is 56 times higher than that of natural skeletal muscles and higher than that for any other reported natural fiber muscles. In addition, highly twisted lotus fiber yarn muscles provide a fully reversible torsional stroke of 200°/mm of muscle length and a peak rotation speed of 200 rpm, with a generated specific torque of 488 mN·m/kg for a 2.5 cm long muscle. Potential applications of these lotus fiber yarn muscles are demonstrated for a weight-lifting artificial limb and a smart textile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Middle Road, High-Tech Zone, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Zhenyong Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Middle Road, High-Tech Zone, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Mônica Jung de Andrade
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Middle Road, High-Tech Zone, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Middle Road, High-Tech Zone, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Abstract
Self-disinfecting textile materials employing combined photodynamic/photothermal effects enable the prevention of microbial infections, a property that has great potential in healthcare applications. However, smart textiles with stimulus responses to ambient temperature are marvelous materials for enhancing their photothermal applications with additional functions. It is still challenging to realize vivid and contrasting color changes as temperature indicators. Herein, through the in situ growth of PCN-224 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the electrospraying of a Ti3C2 MXene colloid, and the screen printing of a thermochromic dye, a smart photothermochromic self-disinfecting textile has been fabricated. An antibacterial inactivation study revealed 99.9999% inactivation toward gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 8099) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria in 30 min. A mechanism study revealed that light-driven singlet oxygen and heat are the main reasons for bacterial inactivation. Interestingly, the fabrics presented photothermal effects not only under a handheld 780 nm NIR laser but also under visible Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm) illumination. The color of the fabrics (S-CF@PCN0.08) changed completely from dark green to dark red when the temperature exceeded 45 °C under Xe lamp illumination. Furthermore, the photothermochromic effect occurred in just 1 s under a 780 nm laser. Taken together, this smart photothermochromic self-disinfecting textile permits a new way to feedback the timely signal of temperature by color change and provides novel insights into the development of self-disinfecting textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuanglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fenglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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Gautam B, Yu HH. Self-Cleaning Cotton Obtained after Grafting Thermoresponsive Poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) through Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2920. [PMID: 33291497 PMCID: PMC7762131 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the performance of smart textiles would be enhanced if they could display self-cleaning ability toward various kinds of contamination, the procedures that have been used previously to impart the self-cleaning potential to these functional fabrics (solvent casting, dip coating, spin coating, surface crosslinking) have typically been expensive and/or limited by uncontrollable polymer thicknesses and morphologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of atomic transfer radical polymerization for the surface-initiated grafting of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a thermoresponsive polymer, onto cotton. We confirmed the thermoresponsiveness and reusability of the resulting fabric through water contact angle measurements and various surface characterization techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Finally, we validated the self-cleaning performance of the fabric by washing away an immobilized fluorescent protein in deionized water under thermal stimulus. Fluorescence micrographs revealed that, after the fifth wash cycle, the fabric surface had undergone efficient self-cleaning of the stain, making it an effective self-cleaning material. This approach appears to have potential for application in the fields of smart textiles, responsive substrates, and functional fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Tseghai GB, Malengier B, Fante KA, Nigusse AB, Van Langenhove L. Integration of Conductive Materials with Textile Structures, an Overview. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6910. [PMID: 33287287 DOI: 10.3390/s20236910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, the development of new kinds of textiles, so-called smart and interactive textiles, has continued unabated. Smart textile materials and their applications are set to drastically boom as the demand for these textiles has been increasing by the emergence of new fibers, new fabrics, and innovative processing technologies. Moreover, people are eagerly demanding washable, flexible, lightweight, and robust e-textiles. These features depend on the properties of the starting material, the post-treatment, and the integration techniques. In this work, a comprehensive review has been conducted on the integration techniques of conductive materials in and onto a textile structure. The review showed that an e-textile can be developed by applying a conductive component on the surface of a textile substrate via plating, printing, coating, and other surface techniques, or by producing a textile substrate from metals and inherently conductive polymers via the creation of fibers and construction of yarns and fabrics with these. In addition, conductive filament fibers or yarns can be also integrated into conventional textile substrates during the fabrication like braiding, weaving, and knitting or as a post-fabrication of the textile fabric via embroidering. Additionally, layer-by-layer 3D printing of the entire smart textile components is possible, and the concept of 4D could play a significant role in advancing the status of smart textiles to a new level.
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Gong X, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Thermochromic Hydrogel-Functionalized Textiles for Synchronous Visual Monitoring of On-Demand In Vitro Drug Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51225-51235. [PMID: 33164509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro drug release systems have recently received tremendous attention because they allow noninvasive, convenient, and prolonged administration of pharmacological agents. On-demand epidermal drug release systems can improve treatment efficiency, prevent multidrug resistance, and minimize drug toxicity to healthy cells. In addition, real-time monitoring of drug content is also essential for guiding the determination of drug dosage and replacing drug carriers in time. Therefore, it is important to integrate the above properties in one ideal epidermal patch. Herein, photonic crystals (PCs) based on Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were introduced into drug-loaded poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-AAc)) hydrogel-functionalized textiles. Drug loading and release depended on the expansion and contraction of the hydrogels. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogels was adjusted to 40 °C, which is higher than the skin temperature, by varying the content of hydrophilic comonomer acrylic acid (AAc) to store the drug at room temperature, and on-demand release was achieved by mild thermal stimulation. Moreover, the lattice spacing (d) of PCs varied with the expansion and contraction of the hydrogels, which can cause the color of P(NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel-functionalized textiles to change. These synchronous thermoresponsive chromic drug uptake and release behaviors provided an effective method for visual and real-time monitoring of drug content. Furthermore, in view of the poor mechanical properties of hydrogel wound dressings, textile matrices were composited to prevent holistic breaking during the stretching process. Biological experiments proved that the drug-loaded P(NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel-functionalized textiles had good antibacterial properties and wound-healing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
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Satharasinghe A, Hughes-Riley T, Dias T. A Review of Solar Energy Harvesting Electronic Textiles. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5938. [PMID: 33096633 PMCID: PMC7589816 DOI: 10.3390/s20205938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased use in wearable, mobile, and electronic textile sensing devices has led to a desire to keep these devices continuously powered without the need for frequent recharging or bulky energy storage. To achieve this, many have proposed integrating energy harvesting capabilities into clothing: solar energy harvesting has been one of the most investigated avenues for this due to the abundance of solar energy and maturity of photovoltaic technologies. This review provides a comprehensive, contemporary, and accessible overview of electronic textiles that are capable of harvesting solar energy. The review focusses on the suitability of the textile-based energy harvesting devices for wearable applications. While multiple methods have been employed to integrate solar energy harvesting with textiles, there are only a few examples that have led to devices with textile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala Satharasinghe
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK; (A.S.); (T.D.)
- MAS Innovations (pvt) Ltd., 50 Foster Lane, Colombo 10 01000, Sri Lanka
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Tilak Dias
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK; (A.S.); (T.D.)
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Graßmann C, Mann M, Van Langenhove L, Schwarz-Pfeiffer A. Textile Based Electrochromic Cells Prepared with PEDOT: PSS and Gelled Electrolyte. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5691. [PMID: 33036136 DOI: 10.3390/s20195691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices can act as passive displays. They change their color when a low voltage is applied. Flexible and bendable hybrid textile-film electrochromic devices with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared on polyethylene polyethylene terephthalate (PEPES) membranes using a spray coating technique. The electrolyte consisted of a gelatin glycerol mixture as host matrix and calcium chloride. Titanium dioxide was used as an ion storage layer and a carbon containing dispersion was used for the counter electrode on a polyester rip-stop fabric. The sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS on PEPES was 500 Ohm/sq. A 5 × 5 electrochromic matrix with individually addressable pixels was successfully designed and assembled. The switching time of the pixels was 2 s at a voltage of 2.0 V directly after assembling. The use of titanium dioxide as ion storage also increased the contrast of the dark-blue reduced electrochromic layer. Coloration was not self-sustaining. The PEDOT:PSS layer needed a constant low voltage of at least 0.5 V to sustain in the dark-blue reduced state. The switching time increased with time. After 12 months the switching time was ~4 s at a voltage of 2.8 V. The addition of glycerol into the electrolyte extended the lifetime of a non-encapsulated textile electrochromic cell, because moisture is retained in the electrolyte. Charge carriers can be transported into and out of the electrochromic layer.
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Semjonova G, Vetra J, Cauce V, Oks A, Katashev A, Eizentals P. Improving the Recovery of Patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome with the DAid Smart Textile Shirt. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20185277. [PMID: 32942730 PMCID: PMC7570826 DOI: 10.3390/s20185277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technologies provide many possibilities for applications in medicine, and especially in physiotherapy, where tracking and evaluation of body motion are of utmost importance. Despite the existence of multiple smart garments produced for applications in physiotherapy, there is limited information available on the actual impact of these technologies on the clinical outcomes. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the Double Aid (DAid) smart shirt, a purely textile-based system, on the training process of patients with subacromial pain syndrome. A randomized controlled trial was performed where patients with subacromial pain syndrome had to perform the assigned training exercises while employing the DAid smart shirt system. The core point of each exercise was to perform a movement while holding the shoulders stationary. The smart shirt was designed to sense even slight shoulder motion thus providing the patient with feedback on the accuracy of the motion, and allowing the patient to adjust the movement. The appropriate muscles should be strengthened through an increased effort to control the shoulder motion. The recovery of patients using the feedback system at the end of the treatment was compared to that of a reference group through standardized tests—the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (DASH score), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability test (CKCUES test), and internal/external rotation ratio. The test group that used the DAid system demonstrated significantly better results of the performed tests for all applied outcome measures compared to the reference group (p < 0.001). An overall positive impact on the patient recovery was observed from the DAid smart shirt system when applied for rehabilitation training of patients with subacromial pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna Semjonova
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (G.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Janis Vetra
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (G.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Vinita Cauce
- Statistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1046 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Alexander Oks
- Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Alexei Katashev
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Peteris Eizentals
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
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