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Almutairi MD, He F, Alshammari YL, Alnahdi SS, Khan MA. Analysis of the Self-Healing Capability of Thermoplastic Elastomer Capsules in a Polymeric Beam Structure Based on Strain Energy Release Behaviour during Crack Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3384. [PMID: 37631441 PMCID: PMC10458547 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the elastic and plastic responses of 3D-printed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) beams under various bending loads. The study also aimed to develop a self-healing mechanism using origami TPE capsules embedded within an ABS structure. These cross-shaped capsules have the ability to be either folded or elastically deformed. When a crack occurs in the ABS structure, the strain is released, causing the TPE capsule to unfold along the crack direction, thereby enhancing the crack resistance of the ABS structure. The enhanced ability to resist cracks was confirmed through a delamination test on a double cantilever specimen subjected to quasi-static load conditions. Consistent test outcomes highlighted how the self-healing process influenced the development of structural cracks. These results indicate that the suggested self-healing mechanism has the potential to be a unique addition to current methods, which mostly rely on external healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dukhi Almutairi
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Feiyang He
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Yousef Lafi Alshammari
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College, Northern Border University, King Fahad Road, Arar 92341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Saleh Alnahdi
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Wang L, Chen R, Liang X, Hu L, Deng C, Liang D, Liang S, Liu L. ZnS spheres assembled from nanoparticles confined in bagasse-based carbon nanosheets for enhanced potassium storage. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37116480 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a promising anode material for potassium ion batteries due to its rich abundance and high capacity (conversion/alloy dual mechanism), while still suffering the drawbacks of sluggish kinetics process and structural degradation, which restrict its practical application. Herein, ZnS spheres assembled from nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosheets (ZnS/C@C) were synthesized with alkali-activated agricultural waste bagasse as the carbon precursor. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose by pre-treatment of bagasse with alkali solutions opens ionic diffusion channels and promotes adsorption of Zn2+by bagasse, which is crucial for the growth of ZnS in bagasse sheets and the suppression of ZnS particle size during hydrothermal processes. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between robust embedded structure, carbon conductive network and the nanoscale nature of ZnS, the ZnS/C@C exhibited enhanced performance with high capacity (374.7 mA h g-1at 0.2 A g-1) and rate performance (195.9 mA h g-1at 2.0 A g-1). Kinetic studies further demonstrate that ZnS/C@C electrodes possess faster K+transport kinetics and lower interfacial impedance. This work provides a reference for the construction of robust embedded carbon composite structures based on surface control of agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonghai Deng
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Liang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Liang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Liu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Advanced Batteries, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
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Zhang K, Ganesh P, Cao Y. Deterministic Conductive Filament Formation and Evolution for Improved Switching Uniformity in Embedded Metal-Oxide-Based Memristors─A Phase-Field Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21219-21227. [PMID: 37083295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extreme device-to-device variation of switching performance is one of the major obstacles preventing the applications of metal-oxide-based memristors in large-scale memory storage and resistive neural networks. Recent experimental works have reported that embedding metal nano-islands (NIs) in metal oxides can effectively improve the uniformity of the memristors, but the underlying role of the NIs is not fully understood. Here, to address this specific problem, we develop a physical model to understand the origin of the variability and how the embedded NIs can improve the performance and uniformity of memristors. We find that due to the dimension confinement effect, embedding metal NIs can modulate the electric field distribution and lead to a more deterministic formation of the conductive filament (CF) from their vicinity, in contrast to the random growth of CFs without embedded NIs. This deterministic CF formation, via vacancy nucleation, further reduces the forming, reset, and set voltages and enhances the uniformity of the operation voltages and current ON/OFF ratios. We further demonstrate that modifying the shapes of the metal NIs can modulate the field strengths/distributions around the NIs and that choosing the NI metal composition and shape that chemically facilitate vacancy formations can further optimize the CF morphology, reduce the operation voltages, and improve the switching performance. Our work thus provides a fundamental understanding of how embedded metal NIs improve the resistive switching performance in oxide-based memristors and could potentially guide the selection of embedded NIs to realize a more uniform memristor that also operates at a higher efficiency than present materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Zhang Q, Song NJ, Ma CL, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li J, Li XM, Kong QQ, Chen CM. Constructing a Low-Cost Si-NSs@C/NG Composite by a Ball Milling-Catalytic Pyrolysis Method for Lithium Storage. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083458. [PMID: 37110692 PMCID: PMC10145678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based composites are promising candidates as the next-generation anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant reserves, and reliable security. However, expensive raw materials and complicated preparation processes give silicon carbon anode a high price and poor batch stability, which become a stumbling block to its large-scale practical application. In this work, a novel ball milling-catalytic pyrolysis method is developed to fabricate a silicon nanosheet@amorphous carbon/N-doped graphene (Si-NSs@C/NG) composite with cheap high-purity micron-size silica powder and melamine as raw materials. Through systematic characterizations such as XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM and XPS, the formation process of NG and a Si-NSs@C/NG composite is graphically demonstrated. Si-NSs@C is uniformly intercalated between NG nanosheets, and these two kinds of two-dimensional (2D) materials are combined in a surface-to-surface manner, which immensely buffers the stress changes caused by volume expansion and contraction of Si-NSs. Attributed to the excellent electrical conductivity of graphene layer and the coating layer, the initial reversible specific capacity of Si-NSs@C/NG is 807.9 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1, with a capacity retention rate of 81% in 120 cycles, exhibiting great potential for application as an anode material for LIBs. More importantly, the simple and effective process and cheap precursors could greatly reduce the production cost and promote the commercialization of silicon/carbon composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ning-Jing Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Can-Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yong Li
- Research Center for Fine Chemicals Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qing-Qiang Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Cheng-Meng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Dai Y, Qi K, Ou K, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Song H, He J, Wang H, Wang R. Ag NW-Embedded Coaxial Nanofiber-Coated Yarns with High Stretchability and Sensitivity for Wearable Multi-Sensing Textiles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:11244-11258. [PMID: 36791272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging intelligent piezoresistive yarn/textile-based sensors are of paramount importance for skin-interface electronics, owing to their unparalleled features including softness, breathability, and easy integration with functional devices. However, employing a facile way to fabricate 1D sensing yarns with mechanical robustness, multi-functional integration, and comfortability is still demanded for satisfying the practical applications. Herein, a facile one-step synchronous conjugated electrospinning and electrospraying technique is innovatively employed to continuously construct an Ag NW-embedded polyurethane (PU) nanofiber sensing yarn (AENSY) with hierarchical architecture. This 1D AENSY with weavability and stretchability can be woven into AENSY textile-based sensors integrated with functions of strain and pressure sensing. In this embedded multi-scale architecture, Ag NWs are evenly embedded and locked in the oriented and twisted PU nanofiber (PUNF) scaffold, forming the hierarchical mechanical sensing layer on the surface of the AENSY with favorable stability. Meanwhile, the presence of the elastic PUNFs enhances porosity, elasticity, and considerable deformation space, which in turn endow the AENSY textile-based sensor with a gauge factor (GF) up to 1010, a pressure sensitivity up to 16.7 N-1, high stretchability up to 160%, and high stability under long-term cycles. In addition, the AENSY textile-based sensor exhibits light weight and the unique advantage of skin-friendliness with the human body, which can be directly and conformally attached to the curved human skin to monitor the various human movements. Furthermore, the weavable AENSYs can be integrated into smart textiles with sensing arrays, which are capable for spatial pressure and strain mapping. Thus, the continuous one-step developing process and the stable embedded-twisted fiber structure provide a promising strategy to develop innovative smart yarns and textiles for personalized healthcare and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Dai
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qi
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Ou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yutang Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yuman Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin He
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongwu Wang
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
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Zhu GJ, Ren PG, Guo H, Jin YL, Yan DX, Li ZM. Highly Sensitive and Stretchable Polyurethane Fiber Strain Sensors with Embedded Silver Nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:23649-23658. [PMID: 31252483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have attracted a great amount of attention for promising applications in next-generation artificially intelligent devices. However, it is difficult for conventional planar strain sensors to meet the requirements of miniature size and light weight for flexible electronics. Herein, a highly sensitive and stretchable fiber strain sensor with a millimeter diameter was innovatively fabricated by the capillary tube method to integrate silver nanowires (AgNWs) in polyurethane (PU) fibers. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrate that AgNWs were embedded into the surface layer of PU fibers and formed completely conductive networks. The unique AgNW networks endow the PU/AgNW fibers with superior electrical conductivity of 3.1 S/cm, high elongation at break of 265%, wide response range of 43%, high gauge factor of 87.6 up to 22% strain, fast response time of 49 ms, and excellent reliability and stability. Such satisfactory stretchability and sensitivity is attributed to the combination of the highly stretchable PU matrix and the embedded architecture of the AgNW conductive network. Moreover, PU/AgNW fibers can be employed as wearable devices to detect various human motions and to drive light-emitting diodes at a lower voltage (2.7 V).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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Yu S, Han HJ, Kim JM, Yim S, Sim DM, Lim H, Lee JH, Park WI, Park JH, Kim KH, Jung YS. Area-Selective Lift-Off Mechanism Based on Dual-Triggered Interfacial Adhesion Switching: Highly Facile Fabrication of Flexible Nanomesh Electrode. ACS Nano 2017; 11:3506-3516. [PMID: 28245104 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the recent emergence of flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices, the achievement of sufficient bendability and stretchability of transparent and conducting electrodes (TCEs) has become an important requirement. Although metal-mesh-based structures have been investigated for TCEs because of their excellent performances, the fabrication of mesh or grid structures with a submicron line width is still complex due to the requirements of laborious lithography and pattern transfer steps. Here, we introduce an extremely facile fabrication technique for metal patterns embedded in a flexible substrate based on submicron replication and an area-selective delamination (ASD) pattern. The high-yield, area-specific lift-off process is based on the principle of solvent-assisted delamination of deposited metal thin films and a mechanical triggering effect by soft wiping or ultrasonication. Our fabrication process is very simple, convenient, and cost-effective in that it does not require any lithography/etching steps or sophisticated facilities. Moreover, their outstanding optical and electrical properties (e.g., sheet resistances of 0.43 Ω sq-1 at 94% transmittance), which are markedly superior to those of other flexible TCEs, are demonstrated. Furthermore, there is no significant change of resistance over 1000 repeated bending cycles, with a bending radius of 5 mm, and immersion in various solvents such as salt water and organic solvents. Finally, we demonstrate high-performance transparent heaters and flexible touch panels fabricated using the nanomesh electrode, confirming the long-range electrical conduction and reliability of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeuk Jin Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Yim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunhee Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ik Park
- Global Frontier R&D Center for Hybrid Interface Materials (HIM) , Pusandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Division of Nano-Convergence Technology, Korea National NanoFab Center , 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Global Frontier R&D Center for Hybrid Interface Materials (HIM) , Pusandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano-Convergence Technology, Korea National NanoFab Center , 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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