1
|
Yamaguchi K, Kitamura S, Furutake Y, Murakami R, Yamanoi K, Taki M, Ukita M, Hamanishi J, Mandai M. Acquired Evolution of Mitochondrial Metabolism Regulated by HNF1B in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2413. [PMID: 34067626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary exhibits a unique morphology and clinically malignant behavior. The eosinophilic cytoplasm includes abundant glycogen. Although the growth is slow, the prognosis is poor owing to resistance to conventional chemotherapies. CCC often arises in endometriotic cysts and is accompanied by endometriosis. Based on these characteristics, three clinical questions are considered: why does ovarian cancer, especially CCC and endometrioid carcinoma, frequently occur in endometriotic cysts, why do distinct histological subtypes (CCC and endometrioid carcinoma) arise in the endometriotic cyst, and why does ovarian CCC possess unique characteristics? Mutations in AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit alpha genes may contribute to the carcinogenesis of ovarian CCC, whereas hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta (HNF1B) plays crucial roles in sculpting the unique characteristics of ovarian CCC through metabolic alterations. HNF1B increases glutathione synthesis, activates anaerobic glycolysis called the Warburg effect, and suppresses mitochondria. These metabolic changes may be induced in stressful environments. Life has evolved to utilize and control energy; eukaryotes require mitochondria to transform oxygen reduction into useful energy. Because mitochondrial function is suppressed in ovarian CCC, these cancer cells probably acquired further metabolic evolution during the carcinogenic process in order to survive stressful environments.
Collapse
|
2
|
McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Porcher A, Guérin V, Montrichard F, Lebrec A, Lothier J, Vian A. Ascorbate glutathione-dependent H2O2 scavenging is an important process in axillary bud outgrowth in rosebush. Ann Bot 2020; 126:1049-1062. [PMID: 32639526 PMCID: PMC7596375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Branching is an important mechanism of plant shape establishment and the direct consequence of axillary bud outgrowth. Recently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism, known to be involved in plant growth and development, has been proposed to contribute to axillary bud outgrowth. However, the involvement of H2O2 in this process remains unclear. METHODS We analysed the content of H2O2 during bud outgrowth and characterized its catabolism, both at the transcriptional level and in terms of its enzymatic activities, using RT-qPCR and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. In addition, we used in vitro culture to characterize the effects of H2O2 application and the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on bud outgrowth in relation to known molecular markers involved in this process. KEY RESULTS Quiescent buds displayed a high content of H2O2 that declined when bud outgrowth was initiated, as the consequence of an increase in the scavenging activity that is associated with glutathione pathways (ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glutathione biosynthesis); catalase did not appear to be implicated. Modification of bud redox state after the application of H2O2 or BSO prevented axillary bud outgrowth by repressing organogenesis and newly formed axis elongation. Hydrogen peroxide also repressed bud outgrowth-associated marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These results show that high levels of H2O2 in buds that are in a quiescent state prevents bud outgrowth. Induction of ascorbate-glutathione pathway scavenging activities results in a strong decrease in H2O2 content in buds, which finally allows bud outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porcher
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Vincent Guérin
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anita Lebrec
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Alain Vian
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rasch I, Görs S, Tuchscherer A, Viergutz T, Metges CC, Kuhla B. Substitution of Dietary Sulfur Amino Acids by dl-2-Hydroxy-4-Methylthiobutyric Acid Reduces Fractional Glutathione Synthesis in Weaned Piglets. J Nutr 2020; 150:722-729. [PMID: 31773161 PMCID: PMC7138682 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cys is limiting for reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and can be synthesized from Met. We hypothesized that the dietary Met hydroxyl analogue dl-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (dl-HMTBA) affects Cys and GSH metabolism and oxidative stress defense differently than Met. OBJECTIVE The objective was to elucidate whether dl-HMTBA supplementation of a Met-deficient diet affects Cys flux, GSH fractional synthetic rate (FSR), and the basal oxidative stress level relative to Met supplementation in pigs. METHODS Twenty-nine male German Landrace piglets aged 28 d were allocated to 3 dietary groups: a basal diet limiting in Met (69% of Met plus Cys requirement) supplemented with either 0.15% l-Met (LMET; n = 9), 0.15% dl-Met (DLMET; n = 11), or 0.17% dl-HMTBA (DLHMTBA; n = 9) on an equimolar basis. At age 54 d the pigs received a continuous infusion of [1-13C]-Cys to calculate Cys flux and Cys oxidation. After 3 d, GSH FSR was determined by [2,2-2H2]-glycine infusion, and RBC GSH and oxidized GSH concentrations were measured. At age 62 d the animals were killed to determine hepatic mRNA abundances of enzymes involved in GSH metabolism, GSH concentrations, and plasma oxidative stress defense markers. RESULTS The Cys oxidation was 21-39% and Cys flux 5-15% higher in the fed relative to the feed-deprived state (P < 0.001). On average, GSH FSR was 49% lower (P < 0.01), and RBC GSH and total GSH concentrations were 12% and 9% lower, respectively, in DLHMTBA and DLMET relative to LMET pigs (P < 0.05). In the feed-deprived state, Gly flux, the GSH:oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, RBC GSSG concentrations, plasma oxidative stress markers, and the hepatic GSH content did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Although GSH FSR was higher in LMET compared with DLMET or DLHMTBA feed-deprived pigs, these differences were not reflected by lower oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense enzymes in LMET pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Rasch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,Chair of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,Address correspondence to BK (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kou L, Sun R, Xiao S, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Cai A, Zheng H, Yao Q, Ganapathy V, Chen R. Ambidextrous Approach To Disrupt Redox Balance in Tumor Cells with Increased ROS Production and Decreased GSH Synthesis for Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:26722-26730. [PMID: 31276364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An effective steady-state redox balance is maintained in cancer cells, allowing for protection against oxidative stress and thereby enhancing cell proliferation and tumor growth. Disruption of this redox balance would increase the cellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potentiate oxidative stress-induced cell death in tumor cells, thus representing an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. We developed a nanoplatform using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier, loaded with salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP), and stabilized with DSPE-PEG, to form ultra-small NPs (SASP/ZnO NPs). The goal of this NP strategy is to disrupt the redox balance in cells by two mechanisms: increased generation of ROS and decreased synthesis of GSH. Such an approach would be effective in killing tumor cells. As expected, the SASP/ZnO NPs enhanced ROS production because of ZnO and impaired GSH synthesis because of SASP-induced inhibition of xCT (SLC7A11) transport function. As a consequence, treatment of tumor cells with SASP/ZnO NPs in vitro and in vivo resulted in a synergistic disruptive effect on redox balance in tumor cells and induced cell death and decreased tumor growth. This ambidextrous approach has potential in cancer therapy by combining two complementary pathways to disrupt the redox balance in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , Texas 79430 , United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Shuyi Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Aimin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , Texas 79430 , United States
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng L, Wei H, Yu H, Xing Q, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Peng J. Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate Production by Ginger Powder Induces Glutathione Synthesis To Prevent Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Intestinal Oxidative Stress via the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 Cascade. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11601-11611. [PMID: 30339007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin hydrolysate was reported to contain large amounts of biologically active peptides with excellent antioxidant properties. However, its inducement of antioxidant response within cells and the underlying molecular mechanism are far from clear. Here, gelatin from Nile tilapia skin was hydrolyzed by ginger protease to produce antioxidant hydrolysate, and three fish skin gelatin hydrolysate fractions (FSGHFs) were obtained by ultrafiltration. Fractionation of the hydrolysate increased the free radical scavenging capacity of the FSGHFs, particularly FSGHF3, which showed the lowest molecular weight (below 1000 Da). Furthermore, FSGHF3 treatment prior to H2O2 exposure increased cell viability and membrane integrity in IPEC-J2 cells. H2O2-induced ROS production and epithelial barrier damage were suppressed by FSGHF3 pretreatment. FSGHF3 stimulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with increases in the mRNA and protein expression of catalytic and modulatory subunits of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase as well as in the level of glutathione. Silencing of Nrf2 or p62 (an upstream regulator of Nrf2) suppressed FSGHF3-induced Nrf2 activation and its protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, oligopeptides in FSGHF3 may mediate the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which was confirmed by the result that FSGHF3 failed to inhibit the ROS production in H2O2-exposed cells with the knockdown of Pept1 (an oligopeptide transporter). Therefore, FSGHF3 can induce glutathione synthesis and prevent oxidative stress through the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 cascade and thus may be a functional food for gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Yu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daemen A, Liu B, Song K, Kwong M, Gao M, Hong R, Nannini M, Peterson D, Liederer BM, de la Cruz C, Sangaraju D, Jaochico A, Zhao X, Sandoval W, Hunsaker T, Firestein R, Latham S, Sampath D, Evangelista M, Hatzivassiliou G. Pan-Cancer Metabolic Signature Predicts Co-Dependency on Glutaminase and De Novo Glutathione Synthesis Linked to a High-Mesenchymal Cell State. Cell Metab 2018; 28:383-399.e9. [PMID: 30043751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glutaminase (GLS1) is currently in clinical trials for oncology, yet there are no clear diagnostic criteria to identify responders. The evaluation of 25 basal breast lines expressing GLS1, predominantly through its splice isoform GAC, demonstrated that only GLS1-dependent basal B lines required it for maintaining de novo glutathione synthesis in addition to mitochondrial bioenergetics. Drug sensitivity profiling of 407 tumor lines with GLS1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) inhibitors revealed a high degree of co-dependency on both enzymes across indications, suggesting that redox balance is a key function of GLS1 in tumors. To leverage these findings, we derived a pan-cancer metabolic signature predictive of GLS1/GCS co-dependency and validated it in vivo using four lung patient-derived xenograft models, revealing the additional requirement for expression of GAC above a threshold (log2RPKM + 1 ≥ 4.5, where RPKM is reads per kilobase per million mapped reads). Analysis of the pan-TCGA dataset with our signature identified multiple indications, including mesenchymal tumors, as putative responders to GLS1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Daemen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Bonnie Liu
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kyung Song
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mandy Kwong
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rebecca Hong
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Nannini
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David Peterson
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bianca M Liederer
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cecile de la Cruz
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allan Jaochico
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Hunsaker
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sheerin Latham
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun L, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y. Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Phenolic Extracts from Rape Bee Pollen and Inhibitory Melanogenesis by cAMP/MITF/TYR Pathway in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28337140 PMCID: PMC5343546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rape bee pollen possesses many nutritional and therapeutic properties because of its abundant nutrimental and bioactive components. In this study, free (FPE) and bound (BPE) phenolic extracts of rape bee pollen were obtained, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, and composition of phenolic acids was analyzed. In vitro antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase (TYR) activities of FPE and BPE were compared, and inhibitory melanogenesis of FPE was further evaluated. Results showed FPE and BPE contain total phenolic contents of 11.76 and 0.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and total flavonoid contents of 19.24 and 3.65 mg rutin equivalents/g DW, respectively. Phenolic profiling showed FPE and BPE fractions contained 12 and 9 phenolic acids, respectively. FPE contained the highest rutin content of 774.87 μg/g. FPE and BPE showed the high antioxidant properties in vitro and high inhibitory activities for mushroom TYR. Higher activities of FPE than those of BPE can be attributed to difference in their phenolic compositions. Inhibitory melanogenesis activities of FPE against B16 were further evaluated. Results showed suppressed intracellular TYR activity, reduced melanin content, and promoted glutathione synthesis (p < 0.05) in FPE-treated cells. FPE reduced mRNA expression of TYR, TYR-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2, and significantly suppressed cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through down-regulation of melanocortin 1 receptor gene expression (p < 0.05). FPE reduced mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), significantly inhibiting intracellular melanin synthesis (p < 0.05). Hence, FPE regulates melanogenesis of B16 cells involved in cAMP/MITF/TYR pathway. These results revealed that FPE can be used as pharmaceutical agents and cosmetics to protect cells from abnormal melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morales Pantoja IE, Hu CL, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Zheng J, Bizzozero OA. Nrf2-dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2016; 139:640-650. [PMID: 27579494 PMCID: PMC5118114 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the possible mechanism(s) underlying glutathione (GSH) deficiency in the mouse spinal cord during the course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis. Using the classical enzymatic recycling method and a newly developed immunodot assay, we first demonstrated that total GSH levels (i.e. free GSH plus all its adducts) are reduced in EAE, suggesting an impaired synthesis. The decline in the levels of this essential antioxidant tripeptide in EAE coincides temporally and in magnitude with a reduction in the amount of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Other enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis, whose genes also contain antioxidant-response elements, including glutathione synthetase, cystine/glutamate antiporter, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) are diminished in EAE as well. Low levels of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, and γ-GT are the consequence of reduced mRNA expression, which correlates with diminished expression of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in both the cytosol and nucleus. Interestingly, the low Nrf2 expression does not seem to be caused by increased degradation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-dependent or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-independent mechanisms (such as glycogen synthetase kinase-3β activation), or by reduced levels of Nrf2 mRNA. This suggests that translation of this important transcription factor and/or other still unidentified post-translational processes are altered in EAE. These novel findings are central toward understanding how critical antioxidant and protective responses are lost in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Che-Lin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jianzheng Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Oscar A Bizzozero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnaubelt D, Schulz P, Hannah MA, Yocgo RE, Foyer CH. A phenomics approach to the analysis of the influence of glutathione on leaf area and abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:416. [PMID: 24204368 PMCID: PMC3817356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an abundant low molecular weight plant thiol. It fulfills multiple functions in plant biology, many of which remain poorly characterized. A phenomics approach was therefore used to investigate the effects of glutathione homeostasis on growth and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rosette leaf area was compared in mutants that are either defective in GSH synthesis (cad2, pad2, and rax1) or the export of γ-glutamylcysteine and GSH from the chloroplast (clt) and in wild-type plants under standard growth conditions and following exposure to a range of abiotic stress treatments, including oxidative stress, water stress, and high salt. In the absence of stress, the GSH synthesis mutants had a significantly lower leaf area than the wild type. Conversely, the clt mutant has a greater leaf area and a significantly reduced lateral root density than the wild type. These findings demonstrate that cellular glutathione homeostasis exerts an influence on root architecture and on rosette area. An impaired capacity to synthesize GSH or a specific depletion of the cytosolic GSH pool did not adversely affect leaf area in plants exposed to short-term abiotic stress. However, the negative effects of long-term exposure to oxidative stress and high salt on leaf area were less marked in the GSH synthesis mutants than the wild type. These findings demonstrate the importance of cellular glutathione homeostasis in the regulation of plant growth under optimal and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schnaubelt
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | | | - Rosita E. Yocgo
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- Botany Department, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- *Correspondence: Christine H. Foyer, Centre of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakashima Y, Nii H, Janowiak BE, Griffith OW, Hibi T. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of bifunctional gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutatione synthetase from Streptococcus agalactiae. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:678-80. [PMID: 19574637 PMCID: PMC2705632 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109018636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase (gammaGCS-GS) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two consecutive steps of ATP-dependent peptide formation in glutathione biosynthesis. Streptococcus agalactiae gammaGCS-GS is a target for the development of potential therapeutic agents. gammaGCS-GS was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals grew to dimensions of 0.3 x 0.2 x 0.2 mm under reducing conditions with 5 mM TCEP. X-ray data were collected to 2.8 A resolution from a tetragonal crystal that belonged to space group I4(1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nii
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Blythe E. Janowiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Owen W. Griffith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Takao Hibi
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|