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Sikorskaya TV. Coral Lipidome: Molecular Species of Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Betaine Lipids, and Sphingophosphonolipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:335. [PMID: 37367660 DOI: 10.3390/md21060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems in the world's oceans. Coral establishes complex interactions with various microorganisms that constitute an important part of the coral holobiont. The best-known coral endosymbionts are Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Each member of the coral microbiome contributes to its total lipidome, which integrates many molecular species. The present study summarizes available information on the molecular species of the plasma membrane lipids of the coral host and its dinoflagellates (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramideaminoethylphosphonate, and diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine), and the thylakoid membrane lipids of dinoflagellates (phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and glycolipids). Alkyl chains of PC and PE molecular species differ between tropical and cold-water coral species, and features of their acyl chains depend on the coral's taxonomic position. PS and PI structural features are associated with the presence of an exoskeleton in the corals. The dinoflagellate thermosensitivity affects the profiles of PG and glycolipid molecular species, which can be modified by the coral host. Coral microbiome members, such as bacteria and fungi, can also be the source of the alkyl and acyl chains of coral membrane lipids. The lipidomics approach, providing broader and more detailed information about coral lipid composition, opens up new opportunities in the study of biochemistry and ecology of corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Matulja D, Grbčić P, Bojanić K, Topić-Popović N, Čož-Rakovac R, Laclef S, Šmuc T, Jović O, Marković D, Pavelić SK. Chemical Evaluation, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of Organic Extract and Semi-Purified Fractions of the Adriatic Sea Fan, Eunicella cavolini. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195751. [PMID: 34641295 PMCID: PMC8510138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to sedentary lifestyle and harsh environmental conditions, gorgonian coral extracts are recognized as a rich source of novel compounds with various biological activities, of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The presented study aimed to perform chemical screening of organic extracts and semi-purified fractions obtained from the common Adriatic gorgonian, sea fan, Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) and explore its abilities to exert different biological effects in vitro. Qualitative chemical evaluation revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites extended with mass spectrometry analysis and tentative dereplication by using Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking online platform (GNPS). Furthermore, fractions F4 and F3 showed the highest phenolic (3.28 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g sample) and carotene (23.11 ± 2.48 mg β-CA/g sample) content, respectively. The fraction F3 inhibited 50% of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-yl) sulfonic acid) radicals at the concentrations of 767.09 ± 11.57 and 157.16 ± 10.83 µg/mL, respectively. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was exhibited by F2 (IC50 = 198.70 ± 28.77 µg/mL) regarding the inhibition of albumin denaturation and F1 (IC50 = 254.49 ± 49.17 µg/mL) in terms of soybean lipoxygenase inhibition. In addition, the most pronounced antiproliferative effects were observed for all samples (IC50 ranging from 0.82 ± 0.14–231.18 ± 46.13 µg/mL) against several carcinoma cell lines, but also towards non-transformed human fibroblasts pointing to a generally cytotoxic effect. In addition, the antibacterial activity was tested by broth microdilution assay against three human pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The latter was the most affected by fractions F2 and F3. Finally, further purification, isolation and characterization of pure compounds from the most active fractions are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Matulja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Petra Grbčić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Krunoslav Bojanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Natalija Topić-Popović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) UMR CNRS 7378—Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Tomislav Šmuc
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Ozren Jović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.K.P.); Tel.: +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.); +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.)
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.K.P.); Tel.: +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.); +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.)
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Xu C, Li J, Su L, Tang H, Zhang W. Osteoclastogenesis Modulatory Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Coral Iciligorgia sp. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000266. [PMID: 32463564 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new 9,11-secosteroid, (22R)-22-acetoxy-3β,6α,11-trihydroxy-9,11-seco-5α-cholest-7-en-9-one, along with twelve known analogues were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian coral Iciligorgia sp. Their structures were determined by the spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. In an in vitro test of osteoclastic differentiation, three compounds exhibited significant down-regulating effect whereas two compounds showed significant up-regulating effect at 0.5 and 1.0 μm. This is the first report of the chemical investigation of the gorgonian Iciligorgia sp. The acetoxy substitution at C-22 seems to play an important role in the regulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Qian-Jiang Rd, Hefei, 230012, P. R. China.,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Li
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gao-Ke Rd., Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China
| | - Li Su
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Qian-Jiang Rd, Hefei, 230012, P. R. China.,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
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Abstract
Gorgonian corals possess many novel natural products that could potentially mediate coral-bacterial interactions. Since many bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) signals to facilitate colonization of host organisms, regulation of prokaryotic cell-to-cell communication may represent an important bacterial control mechanism. In the present study, we examined extracts of twelve species of Caribbean gorgonian corals, for mechanisms that regulate microbial colonization, such as antibacterial activity and QS regulatory activity. Ethanol extracts of gorgonians collected from Puerto Rico and the Florida Keys showed a range of both antibacterial and QS activities using a specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS reporter, sensitive to long chain AHLs and a short chain N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL) biosensor, Chromobacterium violaceium. Overall, the gorgonian corals had higher antimicrobial activity against non-marine strains when compared to marine strains. Pseudopterogorgia americana, Pseusopterogorgia acerosa, and Pseudoplexuara flexuosa had the highest QS inhibitory effect. Interestingly, Pseudoplexuara porosa extracts stimulated QS activity with a striking 17-fold increase in signal. The stimulation of QS by P. porosa or other elements of the holobiont may encourage colonization or recruitment of specific microbial species. Overall, these results suggest the presence of novel stimulatory QS, inhibitory QS and bactericidal compounds in gorgonian corals. A better understanding of these compounds may reveal insight into coral-microbial ecology and whether a therapeutic potential exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 235 Life Science, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (L.R.H.); (S.M.S.); (K.R.D.)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 6, 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, TX 75202, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 235 Life Science, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (L.R.H.); (S.M.S.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Kelsey R. Downum
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 235 Life Science, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (L.R.H.); (S.M.S.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Laura D. Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 235 Life Science, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (L.R.H.); (S.M.S.); (K.R.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-817-272-0397; Fax: +1-817-272-2855
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