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Zhang M, Huang C, Xie J, Shao Z, Li X, Bian X, Xue B, Gan J, Sun T. Physical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Phenolic Acid- Grafted Soluble Soybean Polysaccharide Films. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223747. [PMID: 36429339 PMCID: PMC9689774 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three kinds of phenolic acid-grafted soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) with similar grafting ratios were prepared, and their structure was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis and 1 H NMR. The impact of phenolic acid on the antioxidant activity of SSPS was evaluated. Then, films were prepared by using phenolic acid-grafted SSPS. The physical, mechanical and biological performances of phenolic acid-grafted SSPS films were further investigated. The results indicated that an ester linkage was formed between the SSPS and phenolic acid. The grafting ratio of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid-grafted SSPS was 29.45, 31.76 and 30.74 mg/g, respectively. Phenolic acid endowed SSPS with improved antioxidant properties. Gallic acid (GA)-grafted SSPS possessed the best DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power, which may be related to the three phenolic hydroxyl groups in GA. Phenolic acid-grafted SSPS films showed increased moisture content and decreased water solubility compared to SSPS film. The phenolic acid-g-SSPS decreased the mechanical properties but enhanced the water vapor barrier property, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of SSPS film. Meanwhile, the para-hydroxybenzoic acid-grafted SSPS film showed the lowest water vapor permeability (3.70 × 10-7 g mm/h cm2 Pa), and the GA-grafted SSPS film exhibited the best antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zehuai Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaojun Bian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianhong Gan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu Q, Zhang H, Ren H, Zhai H. Structural analysis of light-colored separated lignin (lignocresol) and its antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 197:169-178. [PMID: 34968541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of lignin is limited by its heterogeneity and complexity. This study was processed using different methods to obtain spruce milled wood lignin (SMWL), spruce kraft lignin (SKL), and spruce lignocresol (SLC) for comparative analysis of the structure and antioxidant activity. SMWL has a complete softwood lignin side-chains structure and lignin carbohydrate complexes. SKL contains fewer ether bonds, while more conjugate structures and condensed structures contribute to the color. However, the α-position of the lignin side chain eliminates most of the hydroxyl and ether bonds (β-O-4/α-OH, phenylcoumaran, and dibenzodioxocine structure) and effectively grafts p-cresol in the phase separation reaction. It not only inhibits the self-condensation of lignin, but also forms the 1,1-diarylpropane unit while protecting β-O-4 linkages from not breaking. Importantly, SLC has few conjugate structures that result in the lightest color among all lignin isolated. Besides, SLC has a high yield and contains trace carbohydrates, indicating that the phase separation method can achieve great amounts of purity separated lignin. The antioxidant activity of lignin was evaluated, results show that 85% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were scavenged at the end of 60 min. Owing to its unique color, structural properties, and continuous antioxidant activity, SLC has the potential to manufacture antioxidant cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, NanJing Forestry University, NanJing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, NanJing Forestry University, NanJing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, NanJing Forestry University, NanJing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huamin Zhai
- College of Chemical Engineering, NanJing Forestry University, NanJing 210037, Jiangsu, China
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Awale M, Liu C, Kwasniewski MT. Workflow to Investigate Subtle Differences in Wine Volatile Metabolome Induced by Different Root Systems and Irrigation Regimes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196010. [PMID: 34641553 PMCID: PMC8512433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To allow for a broad survey of subtle metabolic shifts in wine caused by rootstock and irrigation, an integrated metabolomics-based workflow followed by quantitation was developed. This workflow was particularly useful when applied to a poorly studied red grape variety cv. Chambourcin. Allowing volatile metabolites that otherwise may have been missed with a targeted analysis to be included, this approach allowed deeper modeling of treatment differences which then could be used to identify important compounds. Wines produced on a per vine basis, over two years, were analyzed using SPME-GC-MS/MS. From the 382 and 221 features that differed significantly among rootstocks in 2017 and 2018, respectively, we tentatively identified 94 compounds by library search and retention index, with 22 confirmed and quantified using authentic standards. Own-rooted Chambourcin differed from other root systems for multiple volatile compounds with fewer differences among grafted vines. For example, the average concentration of β-Damascenone present in own-rooted vines (9.49 µg/L) was significantly lower in other rootstocks (8.59 µg/L), whereas mean Linalool was significantly higher in 1103P rootstock compared to own-rooted. β-Damascenone was higher in regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) than other treatments. The approach outlined not only was shown to be useful for scientific investigation, but also in creating a protocol for analysis that would ensure differences of interest to the industry are not missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Awale
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Connie Liu
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Misha T. Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-6842
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Power AJ, Remediakis IN, Harmandaris V. Interface and Interphase in Polymer Nanocomposites with Bare and Core-Shell Gold Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:541. [PMID: 33673125 PMCID: PMC7918087 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are used to modify/enhance the properties of a polymer matrix for a broad range of applications in bio-nanotechnology. Here, we study the properties of polymer/gold nanoparticle (NP) nanocomposites through atomistic molecular dynamics, MD, simulations. We probe the structural, conformational and dynamical properties of polymer chains at the vicinity of a gold (Au) NP and a functionalized (core/shell) Au NP, and compare them against the behavior of bulk polyethylene (PE). The bare Au NPs were constructed via a systematic methodology starting from ab-initio calculations and an atomistic Wulff construction algorithm resulting in the crystal shape with the minimum surface energy. For the functionalized NPs the interactions between gold atoms and chemically adsorbed functional groups change their shape. As a model polymer matrix we consider polyethylene of different molecular lengths, from the oligomer to unentangled Rouse like systems. The PE/Au interaction is parametrized via DFT calculations. By computing the different properties the concept of the interface, and the interphase as well, in polymer nanocomposites with metal NPs are critically examined. Results concerning polymer density profiles, bond order parameter, segmental and terminal dynamics show clearly that the size of the interface/interphase, depends on the actual property under study. In addition, the anchored polymeric chains change the behavior/properties, and especially the chain density profile and the dynamics, of the polymer chain at the vicinity of the Au NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Power
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis N. Remediakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
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Wu S, Lv X, Ge Z, Wang L, Dai L, He Z. Thiourea- Grafted Graphite Felts as Positive Electrode for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Front Chem 2021; 8:626490. [PMID: 33520942 PMCID: PMC7841072 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.626490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, thiourea was successfully grafted onto the surface of acid preprocessed graphite felts [sulfuric acid-treated graphite felt (SA-GFs)] by thiol-carboxylic acid esterification. The thiourea-grafted graphite felts (TG-GFs) were investigated as the positive electrode for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggested that thiourea was grafted into the surface of graphite felts. The cyclic voltammetry showed that the peak potential separation decreased by 0.2 V, and peak currents were greatly enhanced on TG-GF electrode compared with SA-GF electrode, implying improved electro-catalytic activity and reversibility of TG-GF electrode toward VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction. The initial capacity of TG-GF-based cell reached 55.6 mA h at 100 mA cm−2, 22.6 mA h larger than that of SA-GF-based cell. The voltage and energy efficiency for TG-GF-based cell increased by 4.9% and 4.4% compared with those of SA-GF-based cell at 100 mA cm−2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhuo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhijun Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhangxing He
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Huang CL, Lee KM, Liu ZX, Lai RY, Chen CK, Chen WC, Hsu JF. Antimicrobial Activity of Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers Filled with Poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) Methacrylate]- Grafted Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1449. [PMID: 32605222 PMCID: PMC7408366 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel cationic polymer, poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (PTA), effectively kills various strains of bacteria with low toxicity to tissue cells. Graphene-based materials demonstrate exceptional electron transport capability, antibacterial activity, favorable nontoxicity, and versatile applicability. PTA can be grafted onto the graphene oxide (GO) surface (GO-g-PTA) to enhance the antimicrobial efficiency of the latter against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, GO-g-PTA powders were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization (GO-g-PTA-F) and atom transfer radical polymerization (GO-g-PTA-A). The antimicrobial efficiencies of graphene nanosheets (GNSs), GO-g-PTA-F, and GO-g-PTA-A were then investigated. Addition of GNS, GO-g-PTA-F, and GO-g-PTA-A to the PVA nanofibers was carried out elucidate the effects of filler amount and physical treatment on the morphology, microstructure, crystallization behaviors, antimicrobial efficiency, and cytotoxicity of the composite fibers. Finally, the potential applications of electrospun PVA/GNS, PVA/GO-g-PTA-F, and PVA/GO-g-PTA-A composite nanofiber mats to chronic wound care were evaluated. The resulting PVA/GO-g-PTA-A composite nanofiber mats showed enhanced antimicrobial ability against S. aureus compared with the PVA/GNS and PVA/GO-g-PTA-F composite nanofiber mats at the same filler volume percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lin Huang
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (Z.-X.L.); (R.-Y.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Xian Liu
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (Z.-X.L.); (R.-Y.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Ruo-Yu Lai
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (Z.-X.L.); (R.-Y.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (Z.-X.L.); (R.-Y.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Jen-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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López-Serrano L, Canet-Sanchis G, Vuletin Selak G, Penella C, San Bautista A, López-Galarza S, Calatayud Á. Pepper Rootstock and Scion Physiological Responses Under Drought Stress. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30745905 PMCID: PMC6360189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vegetables, tolerance to drought can be improved by grafting commercial varieties onto drought tolerant rootstocks. Grafting has emerged as a tool that copes with drought stress. In previous results, the A25 pepper rootstock accession showed good tolerance to drought in fruit production terms compared with non-grafted plants and other rootstocks. The aim of this work was to study if short-term exposure to drought in grafted plants using A25 as a rootstock would show tolerance to drought now. To fulfill this objective, some physiological processes involved in roots (rootstock) and leaves (scion) of grafted pepper plants were analyzed. Pepper plants not grafted (A), self-grafted (A/A), and grafted onto a tolerant pepper rootstock A25 (A/A25) were grown under severe water stress induced by PEG addition (-0.55 MPa) or under control conditions for 7 days in hydroponic pure solution. According to our results, water stress severity was alleviated by using the A25 rootstock in grafted plants (A/A25), which indicated that mechanisms stimulated by roots are essential to withstand stress. A/A25 had a bigger root biomass compared with plants A and A/A that resulted in better water absorption, water retention capacity and a sustained CO2 assimilation rate. Consequently, plants A/A25 had a better carbon balance, supported by greater nitrate reductase activity located mainly in leaves. In the non-grafted and self-grafted plants, the photosynthesis rate lowered due to stomatal closure, which limited transpiration. Consequently, part of NO3 - uptake was reduced in roots. This condition limited water uptake and CO2 fixation in plants A and A/A under drought stress, and accelerated oxidative damage by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, which were highest in their leaves, indicating great sensitivity to drought stress and induced membrane lipid peroxidation. However, drought deleterious effects were slightly marked in plants A compared to A/A. To conclude, the A25 rootstock protects the scion against oxidative stress, which is provoked by drought, and shows better C and N balances that enabled the biomass to be maintained under water stress for short-term exposure, with higher yields in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Serrano
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Canet-Sanchis
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Vuletin Selak
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto San Bautista
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
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Liu J, Meng CG, Wang XC, Chen Y, Kan J, Jin CH. Effect of Protocatechuic Acid- Grafted-Chitosan Coating on the Postharvest Quality of Pleurotus eryngii. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:7225-7233. [PMID: 27595300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid-grafted-chitosan (PA-g-CS) solution with antioxidant activity was developed as a novel edible coating material for Pleurotus eryngii postharvest storage. The effect of PA-g-CS coating on the postharvest quality of P. eryngii was investigated by determination of various physicochemical parameters and enzyme activities. Results showed that the antioxidant capacity and viscosity of PA-g-CS solutions were closely related to the grafting degree and were much higher than that of chitosan (CS) solution. At the end of 15 days of storage, serious mushroom browning was observed in the control and CS coating groups. By contrast, PA-g-CS coating groups with medium and high grafting degrees maintained better physical appearance. Among all of the treatment groups, P. eryngii in PA-g-CS III coating group exhibited the highest firmness and the lowest weight loss, browning degree, respiration rate, malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage rate, superoxide anion production rate, and hydrogen peroxide content. Moreover, P. eryngii in PA-g-CS III coating group maintained relatively higher antioxidant enzyme activities but lower polyphenol oxidase activity than other treatment groups. Therefore, PA-g-CS III is a promising preservation agent for P. eryngii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Guang Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Chi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Hai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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