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Liu Z, Zhai X, Wei T, Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Ding H, Xia Y, Zhou M. Metal-Free Electron Donor-Acceptor Pair Enabled Long-Term Stability of Li-CO 2 Battery. Small 2024:e2400619. [PMID: 38593311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The challenges of Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2) batteries for ensuring long-term cycling stability arise from the thermodynamically stable and electrically insulating discharge products (e.g., Li2CO3), which primarily rely on their interaction with the active materials. To achieve the optimized intermediates, the bifunctional electron donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs are proposed in cathode design to adjust such interactions in the case of B-O pairs. The inclusion of BC2O sites allows for the optimized redistribution of electrons via p-π conjugation. The as-obtained DO-AB pairs endow the enhanced interactions with Li+, CO2, and various intermediates, accompanied by the adjustable growth mode of Li2CO3. The shift from solvation-mediated mode into surface absorption mode in turn manipulates the morphology and decomposition kinetics of Li2CO3. Therefore, the corresponding Li-CO2 battery got twofold improved in both the capacity and reversibility. The cycling prolongs exceed 1300 h and well operates at a wide temperature range (20-50 °C) and different folding angles (0-180°). Such a strategy of introducing electron donor-acceptor pairs provides a distinct direction to optimize the lifetime of Li-CO2 battery from local structure regulation at the atomic scale, further inspiring in-depth understandings for developing electrochemical energy storage and carbon capture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Zhai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tianchen Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Xia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Qu Y, Xu Y, Li D, Lu Z, Li J, Su X, Wang G, Shi L, Zeng X, Wang J, Cao B, Xu K. Modulation of Remote Epitaxial Heterointerface by Graphene-Assisted Attenuative Charge Transfer. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4023-4033. [PMID: 36744849 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Remote epitaxy (RE), substrate polarity can "penetrate" two-dimensional materials (2DMs) and act on the epi-layer, showing a prospective universal growth strategy. However, essentially, the role that 2DMs plays in RE has not been deeply investigated so far. Here, the RE of single-crystal films on the weakest polarity/iconicity substrate is realized to reveal its essence physical properties. Graphene facilitates attenuative charge transfer (ACT) from a substrate to epi-layer to construct remote interactions. Interfacial atoms are assembled into "incommensurate" epitaxial relationships through graphene to reduce misfit dislocations in the epi-layer. Moreover, graphene reduces the atomic migration barrier, leading to a tendency toward a "layer-by-layer" growth mode. Such film growth mode is different with the conventional epitaxy (CE), and it is beneficial for the fast growth of epi-layers and the reduction of dislocations at coalescence boundaries. The insightful revelation of the role of graphene reveals the interface physics of RE and provides a more valuable guide to using 2DMs to expand three-dimensional materials (3DMs) for application in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Yipu Qu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou215123, China
| | - Didi Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Zhengqian Lu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, China
| | - Xujun Su
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenyang, Liaoning110010, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenyang, Liaoning110010, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng224051, China
| | - Xionghui Zeng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou215123, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenyang, Liaoning110010, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou215123, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenyang, Liaoning110010, China
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Sun X, Cheng H, Li M, Chen J, Li D, Liu B, Jiang Y, Duan X, Hu J. Collision Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Electrons as Green Reducing Agent. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:57189-57196. [PMID: 36516981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of high-quality metal nanoparticles (NPs) is the premise toward their downstream diverse applications. Although some electrochemical synthesis strategies have been developed, the necessary use of high-concentration electrolyte solution as current pathway and reaction medium severely limits the colloidal stability of the growing NPs in the solution and their tunability in size and shape. Herein, we report a collision electrochemical method for the synthesis of metal NPs without the use of electrolyte solution. To this end, we designed an asymmetrical electrochemical cell to control the potential (i.e., to supply electrons) in the reaction system via a separated electrochemical cell, thereby enabling the electrochemical reaction occurring in an electrolyte-free growth solution. Consequently, this collision electrochemical method, using seed-mediated growth of NPs as examples, allows the synthesis of monodisperse homogeneous Au NPs and heterogeneous Pd- and Pt-coated Au NPs at a yield comparable to that achieved in common chemical synthesis. Furthermore, this method allows readily tailoring the morphology of the resultant metal NPs just by changing the concentration of the growth solution. Therefore, our green synthesis method is important for a variety of nanomaterials beyond metal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Moxia Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dong Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bingwu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuxiong Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Yang Q, Yang Y, Gong Q, Li J, Woo HJ, Niu J, Kim M, Lee S, Song YJ. Single-Crystalline Pyramidal TiC x Particles Grown by Biphase Diffusion Synthesis. ACS Nano 2022; 16:7713-7720. [PMID: 35499240 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present single-crystalline pyramid-shaped (SP) TiCx particles synthesized on a stacked melt (copper)-solid (titanium) substrate using a biphase diffusion synthesis (BDS) method, in which different sizes ranging from nano- to micrometer scale were obtained within the copper melt with the {100} planes exposed to air. Direct observation and further plasma treatment of the pyramids at different self-assembly stages facilitated the investigation of their growth mode, especially in the horizontal plane. The dendritic growth mode along with the edge and corner-shared modes of the SP TiCx particles frozen on the copper surface was investigated. With SP TiCx particles stacked on top, MoS2-based phototransistors exhibited an up to 6-fold photocurrent increase under laser illumination at different wavelengths, which was attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effect. The BDS method is applied for the synthesis of SP TiCx particles, with a detailed investigation of the relevant growth mode and related applications, such as decoration for high-performance photodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Yang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qianyu Gong
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshu Li
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Je Woo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjie Niu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- LG Display, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do 10845, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Suzuki I, Kubo S, Sepehri-Amin H, Takahashi YK. Dependence of the Growth Mode in Epitaxial FePt Films on Surface Free Energy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:16620-16627. [PMID: 33787207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial thin films of L10-ordered FePt alloys are one of the most important materials in magnetic recording and spintronics applications due to their large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The key to the production of these required superior properties lies in the control of the growth mode of the films. Further, it is necessary to distinguish between the effect of lattice mismatch and surface free energy on the growth mode because of their strong correlation. In this study, the effect of surface free energy on the growth mode of FePt epitaxial films was investigated using MgO, NiO, and MgON surfaces with almost the same lattice constant to exclude the effect of lattice mismatch. It was found that the growth mode can be tuned from a three-dimensional (3D) island mode on MgO to a more two-dimensional (2D)-like mode on MgON and NiO. Contact angle measurements revealed that MgON and NiO show larger surface free energy than MgO, indicating that the difference in the growth mode is due to their larger surface free energy. In addition, MgON was found to induce not only a flat surface as FePt grown on SrTiO3 (STO), which has a small lattice mismatch, but also a larger PMA than that of STO/FePt. As larger lattice mismatch is favored to induce a higher PMA into the FePt films, MgO substrates are exclusively used, but 3D island growth is indispensable. This work demonstrates that tuning the surface free energy enables us to achieve a large PMA and flat film surface in FePt epitaxial films on MgO. The results also indicate that modifying the surface free energy is pertinent for the flexible functional design of thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Suzuki
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kubo
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hosein Sepehri-Amin
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukiko K Takahashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
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Savijoki K, Miettinen I, Nyman TA, Kortesoja M, Hanski L, Varmanen P, Fallarero A. Growth Mode and Physiological State of Cells Prior to Biofilm Formation Affect Immune Evasion and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E106. [PMID: 31940921 PMCID: PMC7023439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 surfaceomes (cell surface proteins) during prolonged growth by subjecting planktonic and biofilm cultures (initiated from exponential or stationary cells) to label-free quantitative surfaceomics and phenotypic confirmations. The abundance of adhesion, autolytic, hemolytic, and lipolytic proteins decreased over time in both growth modes, while an opposite trend was detected for many tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, Fe-S repair, and peptidolytic moonlighters. In planktonic cells, these changes were accompanied by decreasing and increasing adherence to hydrophobic surface and fibronectin, respectively. Specific RNA/DNA binding (cold-shock protein CspD and ribosomal proteins) and the immune evasion (SpA, ClfA, and IsaB) proteins were notably more abundant on fully mature biofilms initiated with stationary-phase cells (SDBF) compared to biofilms derived from exponential cells (EDBF) or equivalent planktonic cells. The fully matured SDBF cells demonstrated higher viability in THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells compared to the EDBF cells. Peptidoglycan strengthening, specific urea-cycle, and detoxification enzymes were more abundant on planktonic than biofilm cells, indicating the activation of growth-mode specific pathways during prolonged cultivation. Thus, we show that S. aureus shapes its surfaceome in a growth mode-dependent manner to reach high levofloxacin tolerance (>200-times the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration). This study also demonstrates that the phenotypic state of the cells prior to biofilm formation affects the immune-evasion and persistence-related traits of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Savijoki
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD) Group, Pharmaceutical Biology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.M.); (M.K.); (L.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Ilkka Miettinen
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD) Group, Pharmaceutical Biology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.M.); (M.K.); (L.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Tuula A. Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; or
| | - Maarit Kortesoja
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD) Group, Pharmaceutical Biology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.M.); (M.K.); (L.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Leena Hanski
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD) Group, Pharmaceutical Biology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.M.); (M.K.); (L.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD) Group, Pharmaceutical Biology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.M.); (M.K.); (L.H.); (A.F.)
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Sun X, Lu Z, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Shi J, Wang GC, Washington MA, Lu TM. van der Waals Epitaxy of Antimony Islands, Sheets, and Thin Films on Single-Crystalline Graphene. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6100-6108. [PMID: 29746775 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) nanostructures, including islands, sheets, and thin films, of high crystallinity were epitaxially grown on single-crystalline graphene through van der Waals interactions. Two types of graphene substrates grown by chemical vapor deposition were used, the as-grown graphene on Cu(111)/ c-sapphire and the transferred graphene on SiO2/Si. On the as-grown graphene, deposition of ultrathin Sb resulted in two growth modes and associated morphologies of Sb. One was Sb islands grown in Volmer-Weber (VW) mode, and the other was Sb sheets grown in Frank-van der Merve (FM) mode. In contrast, only Sb islands grown in VW mode were found in a parallel growth experiment on the transferred graphene. The existence of Sb sheets on the as-grown graphene was attributed to the remote epitaxy between Sb and Cu underneath the graphene. In addition, Sb thin films were grown on both the as-grown and transferred graphene substrates. Both films indicated high quality, and no significant difference can be found between these two films. This work unveiled two epitaxial alignments between Sb(0001) and graphene, namely, Sb [101̅0]∥graphene [10] for Sb islands and Sb [21̅1̅0]∥graphene [10] for Sb sheets. For Sb thin films on graphene, the epitaxial alignment followed that of Sb islands, implying that Sb thin films originated from the continued growth of Sb islands. Last, Raman spectroscopy was used to probe the state of graphene under ultrathin Sb. No strain, doping, or disorder was found in the graphene postgrowth of Sb. The knowledge of the interface formation between ultrathin Sb and graphene provides a valuable foundation for future research on van der Waals heterostructures between antimonene and graphene.
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Abstract
Revealing growth mechanism of a thin film and properties of its film-substrate interface necessarily require microscopic investigations on the initial growth stages in temperature- and thickness-resolved manners. Here we applied in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy to investigate the growth dynamics in homo- (SrTiO3) and hetero- (SrRuO3) epitaxies on SrTiO3(001). A comparison of temperature-dependent surface structures of SrRuO3 and SrTiO3 films suggests that the peculiar growth mode switching from a "layer-by-layer" to "step-flow" type in a SrRuO3 films arises from a reduction of surface migration barrier, caused by the change in the chemical configuration of the interface between the topmost and underlying layers. Island densities in perovskite epitaxies exhibited a clear linear inverse-temperature dependence. A prototypical study on island nucleation stage of SrTiO3 homoepitaxy revealed that classical diffusion model is valid for the perovskite growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyon Phark
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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Li H, Chen L, Zhao Y, Liu X, Guan L, Sun J, Wu J, Xu N. Effects of experimental conditions on the morphologies, structures and growth modes of pulsed laser-deposited CdS nanoneedles. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:91. [PMID: 24559455 PMCID: PMC3941934 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CdS nanoneedles with different morphologies, structures, and growth modes have been grown on Ni-coated Si(100) surface under different experimental conditions by pulsed laser deposition method. The effects of catalyst layer, substrate temperature, and laser pulse energy on the growth of the CdS nanoneedles were studied in detail. It was confirmed that the formation of the molten catalyst spheres is the key to the nucleation of the CdS nanoneedles by observing the morphologies of the Ni catalyst thin films annealed at different substrate temperatures. Both the substrate temperature and laser pulse energy strongly affected the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles. The secondary growth of the smaller nanoneedles on the top of the main nanoneedles was found at appropriate conditions. A group of more completed pictures of the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Guan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiada Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Marz M, Sagisaka K, Fujita D. Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2013; 4:406-17. [PMID: 23844347 PMCID: PMC3701431 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The growth mode of small Ni clusters evaporated in UHV on HOPG has been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy. The size, the size distribution, and the shape of the clusters have been evaluated for different evaporation conditions and annealing temperatures. The total coverage of the surface strongly depends on the evaporation rate and time, whereas the influence of these parameters is low on the cluster size. Subsequent stepwise annealing has been performed. This results in a reduction of the total amount of the Ni clusters accompanied by a decreasing in the overall coverage of the surface. The diameter of the clusters appears to be less influenced by the annealing than is their height. Besides this, the cluster shape is strongly influenced, changing to a quasi-hexagonal geometry after the first annealing step, indicating single-crystal formation. Finally, a reproducible methodology for picking up individual clusters is reported [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marz
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Keisuke Sagisaka
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujita
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Nikiforov AI, Timofeev VA, Teys SA, Gutakovsky AK, Pchelyakov OP. Initial stage growth of GexSi1-x layers and Ge quantum dot formation on GexSi1-x surface by MBE. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:561. [PMID: 23043796 PMCID: PMC3492111 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Critical thicknesses of two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth in GexSi1-x layers were measured as a function of composition for different growth temperatures. In addition to the (2 × 1) superstructure for a Ge film grown on Si(100), the GexSi1-x layers are characterized by the formation of (2 × n) reconstruction. We measured n for all layers of Ge/GexSi1-x/Ge heterosystem using our software with respect to the video recording of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern during growth. The n reaches a minimum value of about 8 for clear Ge layer, whereas for GexSi1-x films, n is increased from 8 to 14. The presence of a thin strained film of the GexSi1-x caused not only the changes in critical thicknesses of the transitions, but also affected the properties of the germanium nanocluster array for the top Ge layer. Based on the RHEED data, the hut-like island form, which has not been previously observed by us between the hut and dome islands, has been detected. Data on the growth of Ge/GexSi1-x/Ge heterostructures with the uniform array of islands in the second layer of the Ge film have been received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr I Nikiforov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentjeva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A Timofeev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentjeva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Serge A Teys
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentjeva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anton K Gutakovsky
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentjeva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg P Pchelyakov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentjeva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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