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Rosso A, Rinaldi A, Coluzzi D, Perrelli F, Napoli PA, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, De Angelis G. Developing a Strategy for COVID-19 Control Among Hard-to-Reach Migrant Communities: The Experience of Roma 2 Local Health Authority. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605766. [PMID: 38024208 PMCID: PMC10664708 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roma 2 Local Health Authority (ASL) developed a strategy to control the COVID-19 epidemic in Hard-to-reach (HTR) migrant communities, addressing both the containment of clusters in informal settlements and access to COVID-19 vaccination. The strategy was based on a strong collaboration of different services across the ASL and with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs were involved in the active surveillance, reporting of COVID-19 suspected cases to the ASL and information to the communities. Health interventions (e.g., COVID-19 tests, contact tracing, vaccination) were offered in outreach in HTR communities' life places. From April 2020 to February 2021, 15 outbreaks were controlled, for a total of over 4,500 persons reached, and 265 COVID-19 cases identified. From July to November 2021, vaccinations were offered in outreach or with dedicated sessions, reaching 1,398 people. This intervention model may lay the foundations for the design of public health strategies, not only aimed at HTR populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rosso
- Migrants Health Unit, Local Health Authority Rome 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Coluzzi
- Migrants Health Unit, Local Health Authority Rome 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Barker AM, Dunlap S, Hartmann CW, Wilson-Menzfeld G, McGill G. Engaging veterans in the research process: a practical guide. J Comp Eff Res 2022; 11:751-764. [PMID: 35699110 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Provide guidance for engaging military veterans in various research teams to help overcome veterans' lack of trust in research. Methods: We draw from our combined experience to present four case studies of veteran research on sensitive topics to illustrate successful engagement with veterans. Results: For each case example, we describe veterans' contributions at different phases of research. We then share practical guidance for realizing benefits and overcoming challenges of engaging veterans in research at each phase. In our experience, successful engagement has built trust by aligning research with participants' own experience as veterans. Conclusion: Investigators wishing to engage veterans in research may benefit from the lessons presented through these case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Barker
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Shawn Dunlap
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Christine W Hartmann
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.,University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Gemma Wilson-Menzfeld
- Northern Hub for Veteran & Military Families' Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Health, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7XA, UK
| | - Gill McGill
- Northern Hub for Veteran & Military Families' Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Health, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7XA, UK
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Janes E. Young Carer Perception of Control: Results of a Phenomenology with a Mixed Sample of Young Carers Accessing Support and Unknown to Services. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6248. [PMID: 35627784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Identification challenges have resulted in young carers research largely being conducted with those who access support. Positive and negative impacts have been evidenced but there remains little consideration of the wider population. This phenomenology defines young carers as a spectrum of children with different experiences and aims to study the larger group. Participants were recruited from schools and projects, resulting in a mixed sample of young carers who were accessing support but also those who were unknown to services. Participants attended three interviews that initially gathered data on their caring role and family circumstances, before focusing on their health and well-being in the context of change. All interviews were transcribed and analysed at a whole-text and in-depth level to identify shared understanding. A study of the wider spectrum enabled the emergence of perception of control over their caring responsibilities as key to routine development. Although high levels of control helped some participants manage their roles, threats to control were identified, including instability in the care receiver’s condition, excessive caring and medical tasks. The original findings demonstrate how researching the wider spectrum can aid understanding of problematic care, and highlights the importance of recruiting young carers as a hard-to-reach group.
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Acha BV, Ferrandis ED, Ferri Sanz M, García MF. Engaging People and Co-Producing Research with Persons and Communities to Foster Person-Centred Care: A Meta-Synthesis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312334. [PMID: 34886070 PMCID: PMC8656837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Engagement and co-production in healthcare research and innovation are crucial for delivering person-centred interventions in underserved communities, but the knowledge of effective strategies to target this population is still vague, limiting the provision of person-centred care. Our research aimed to identify essential knowledge to foster engagement and co-production. Materials and Methods: A meta-synthesis research design was used to compile existing qualitative research papers on health communication, engagement, and empowerment in vulnerable groups in high-income countries (HICs) from 2008 to 2018. A total of 23 papers were selected and analysed. Results: ‘Design and recruitment’ and ‘engagement and co-production’ thematic areas are presented considering the factors related to researcher–communities attunement and the strategical plans for conducting research. The insights are discussed in light of the literature. Long-term alliances, sustainable structures, and strengthened bonds are critical factors for producing real long-term change, empowering persons and communities, and paving the way to person-centred care. Conclusions: The enhancement of the recruitment, involvement, and empowerment of traditionally disengaged communities and individuals depends on the awareness and analysis of social determinants, power differentials and specific tactics, and the capacity of researchers and individuals to apply all these principles in real-world practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vallina Acha
- Polibienestar Research Intitute-Instituto de Investigación de Políticas de Bienestar Social: Edificio Institutos de Investigación, Campus de Tarongers, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Senior Europa S.L.–Kveloce I + D + i: C/Roger de Lauria 10–7, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.S.); (M.F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Estrella Durá Ferrandis
- Polibienestar Research Intitute-Instituto de Investigación de Políticas de Bienestar Social: Edificio Institutos de Investigación, Campus de Tarongers, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mireia Ferri Sanz
- Senior Europa S.L.–Kveloce I + D + i: C/Roger de Lauria 10–7, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.S.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Maite Ferrando García
- Senior Europa S.L.–Kveloce I + D + i: C/Roger de Lauria 10–7, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.S.); (M.F.G.)
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Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA for both men and women, and also worldwide, it is the commonest cause of cancer death. The five-year survival rate for LC depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. It is over 50% for cases detected in a localized stage but when the disease has spread to other organs, the five-year survival rate is only 5%. Unfortunately, only 16% of LC cases are diagnosed at an early stage. In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended annual LC screening with low dose chest computed tomography (CT) in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years, based on the evidence from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the USA. When it comes to recruiting the target group for lung cancer screening (LCS), there are several barriers to overcome, such as whom exactly to include, where to find the target group, how to convince the target to participate or how to attract participants from all socioeconomic groups. The aim of this review is to find out what is already known about how the target group for LCS can be contacted and how participation can be improved, since uptake is a key issue in every (cancer) screening program. A review of the literature was conducted using ‘lung cancer screening and participation and uptake’ as search string. We searched in Web of Science and PubMed for reviews, systematic reviews and articles, published between 2015 and 2020. Compared to the target groups for screening in the long-running cancer screening programs of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer, there are several additional obstacles regarding defining, locating and recruiting of the target group for LCS. Shared decision-making is crucial when we want to reach the hard to reach for LCS and it should be improved, by educating primary care practitioners about LCS guidelines and providing them with the necessary tools, such as decision aids, to facilitate their job in this respect. Moreover, the information materials should be more tailored to specific groups who participate least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Van Hal
- Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Paloma Diab Garcia
- Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Timm L, Harcke K, Karlsson I, Sidney Annerstedt K, Alvesson HM, Stattin NS, Forsberg BC, Östenson CG, Daivadanam M. Early detection of type 2 diabetes in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Stockholm - comparing reach of community and facility-based screening. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1795439. [PMID: 32746747 PMCID: PMC7480601 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1795439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and its high-risk stage, prediabetes, are often undiagnosed. Early detection of these conditions is of importance to avoid organ complications due to the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Diabetes screening can detect persons unaware of diabetes risk and the elevated glucose levels can potentially be reversed through lifestyle modification and medication. There are mainly two approaches to diabetes screening: opportunistic facility-based screening at health facilities and community screening. OBJECTIVE To determine the difference in population reach and participant characteristics between community- and facility-based screening for detection of type 2 diabetes and persons at high risk of developing diabetes. METHODS Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) is a risk assessment tool used by two diabetes projects to conduct community- and facility-based screenings in disadvantaged suburbs of Stockholm. In this study, descriptive and limited inferential statistics were carried out analyzing data from 2,564 FINDRISC forms from four study areas. Community- and facility-based screening was compared in terms of participant characteristics and with population data from the respective areas to determine their reach. RESULTS Our study found that persons born in Africa and Asia were reached through community screening to a higher extent than with facility-based screening, while persons born in Sweden and other European countries were reached more often by facility-based screening. Also, younger persons were reached more frequently through community screening compared with facility-based screening. Both types of screening reached more women than men. CONCLUSION Community-based screening and facility-based screening were complementary methods in reaching different population groups at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Community screening in particular reached more hard-to-reach groups with unfavorable risk profiles, making it a critical strategy for T2D prevention. More men should be recruited to intervention studies and screening initiatives to achieve a gender balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Timm
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katri Harcke
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Karlsson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nouha Saleh Stattin
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birger C Forsberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Meena Daivadanam
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Maternal and Child Health Division, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kim H, Choi H, Yu S, Lee AY, Kim HO, Joh JS, Heo EY, Oh KH, Kim HJ, Chung H. Impact of Housing Provision Package on Treatment Outcome Among Homeless Tuberculosis Patients in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:603-611. [PMID: 31522517 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519871779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a housing provision package on treatment outcomes among homeless South Korean tuberculosis (TB) patients. We conducted a prospective, single-arm, community-based study with historical controls as follows: community-based intervention group (COM), who were provided housing, nutrition, and case management, and received directly observed therapy services; a first historical control that was treated as usual (TAU); and a second historical control that comprised homeless TB patients residing in long-term TB-care facility (FAC). A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors associated with treatment success among homeless TB patients. Treatment was successful in 86.0%, 58.3%, and 96.1% of patients in the COM, TAU, and FAC groups, respectively. Interventions, including those found in the COM and FAC groups, were the only predictors of treatment success. Therefore, we determined that housing provision package positively influenced the treatment outcomes of homeless TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjo Choi
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Yu
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Yeol Lee
- Seoul Branch of Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ok Kim
- Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun Young Heo
- Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Oh
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Introduction: There are 46 million individuals living in rural America that require unique consideration for rural health research. Recruitment of research participants from disparity groups can be difficult as these groups can be hard-to-reach. In particular, strategies for reaching rural-dwelling Americans with disabilities are not well-documented. Furthermore, researchers sometimes underestimate the time and effort needed to recruit participants from hard-to-reach populations. The purpose of this article is to report the methods used to recruit 12 rural-dwelling adults with disabilities into a qualitative study. Method: The recruitment strategies discussed in this article were used in a grounded theory study. Results: Fifty percent of the sample in this study was recruited via a community gatekeeper, 33% responded to a classified advertisement, and 17% were recruited via the researchers' professional networks. Discussion: Lessons learned yield insights as to effective recruitment methods for rural dwellers as well as other hard-to-reach populations.
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Balayan T, Oprea C, Yurin O, Jevtovic D, Begovac J, Lakatos B, Sedlacek D, Karpov I, Horban A, Kowalska JD. People who inject drugs remain hard-to-reach population across all HIV continuum stages in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe - data from Euro-guidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:277-286. [PMID: 30786803 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1565415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Inadequate HIV care for hard-to-reach populations may result in failing the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goal. Therefore, we aimed to review the HIV continuum of care and hard-to-reach populations for each step of the continuum in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe. METHODS Euro-guidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group were created in February 2016. The aim of the network was to review the standards of HIV care in the countries of the region. Information about each stage of HIV continuum of care and hard-to-reach populations for each stage was collected through on-line surveys. Respondents were ECEE members chosen based on their expertise and involvement in national HIV care. Data sources (year 2016) used by respondents included HIV Clinics electronic databases, Institutes of Public Health, Centres for AIDS Prevention, and HIV Programme Reviews. RESULTS The percentage of people living with HIV (PLHIV) linked to HIV care after HIV diagnosis was ranged between 80% and 96% in Central Europe, 51% and 92% in Eastern Europe and 80% and 100% in South-Eastern Europe. The percentage of PLHIV who are on ART was ranged from 80% to 93% in Central Europe, 18% to 92% in Eastern Europe and 80% to 100% in South-Eastern Europe. The percentage of people virologically suppressed while on ART was reported as 70-95%, 12-95% and 62-97% in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, respectively. All three regions reported people who inject drugs (PWID) as hard-to-reach population across all HIV continuum stages. Migrants were the second most reported hard-to-reach population. The proportion of late presenters among newly diagnosed ranged between 20% and 55%, 40% and 55% and 48% and 60% in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe, respectively. Four countries reported ARVs' delivery delays resulting in treatment interruptions in 2016: two (25%) in South-Eastern, one (20%) in Central and 1 (16.7%) in Eastern Europe. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the diversity in national HIV epidemics, countries from all three regions reported PWIDs as hard-to-reach population across all HIV continuum stages. Some countries are close to the UNAIDS 2020 goals, others need to strive for progress. However, differences in data sources and variations in definitions limit the utility of continuum of care as a comparative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatevik Balayan
- a National Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Cristiana Oprea
- b Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Oleg Yurin
- c Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal AIDS Centre , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Djorde Jevtovic
- d Belgrade University Medical School, Infectious Diseases Hospital , Belgrade Serbia
| | - Josip Begovac
- e University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Botond Lakatos
- f Saint Laszlo Hospital National Center of HIV, Semmelweis University Faculty of Infectious Diseases , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dalibor Sedlacek
- g Charles University Hospital in Pilsen , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Igor Karpov
- h Belarus State Medical University , Minsk , Belarus
| | - Andrzej Horban
- i Hospital for Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Justyna D Kowalska
- i Hospital for Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Shiroya-Wandabwa M, Kabue M, Kasungami D, Wambua J, Otieno D, Waka C, Ngindu A, Ayuyo C, Kigondu S, Oliech J, Malonza I. Coaching Community Health Volunteers in Integrated Community Case Management Improves the Care of Sick Children Under-5: Experience from Bondo, Kenya. Int J Integr Care 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 30651723 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shortages of healthcare workers is detrimental to the health of communities, especially children. This paper describes the process of capacity building Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) to deliver integrated preventive and curative package of care of services to manage common childhood illness in hard-to-reach communities in Bondo Subcounty, Kenya. Methods: A pre-test/post-test single-group design was used to assess changes in knowledge and skills related to integrated community case management (iCCM) among 58 Community Health Volunteers who received a six-day iCCM clinical training and an additional 3-week clinical coaching at health facilities. Thereafter, community health extension workers and health managers provided supportive supervision over a six-month period. Skills were assessed before the six-day training, during coaching, and after six months of iCCM implementation. Results: CHVs knowledge assessment scores improved from 54.5% to 72.9% after the six-day training (p < 0.001). All 58 CHVs could assess and classify fever and diarrhoea correctly after 3–6 weeks of facility-based clinical coaching; 97% could correctly identify malnutrition and 80%, suspected pneumonia. The majority correctly performed four of the six steps in malaria rapid diagnostic testing. However, only 58% could draw blood correctly and 67% dispose of waste correctly after the testing. The proportion of CHV exhibiting appropriate skills to examine for signs of illness improved from 4% at baseline to 74% after 6 months of iCCM implementation, p < 0.05. The proportion of caregivers in intervention community units who first sought treatment from a CHV increased from 2 to 31 percent (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Training and clinical coaching built CHV’s skills to manage common childhood illnesses. The CHVs demonstrated ability to follow the Kenya iCCM algorithm for decision-making on whether to treat or refer a sick child. The communities’ confidence in CHVs’ ability to deliver integrated case management resulted in modification of care-seeking behaviour.
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Goldman H, Fagnano M, Perry TT, Weisman A, Drobnica A, Halterman JS. Recruitment and retention of the Hardest-to-Reach families in community-based asthma interventions. Clin Trials 2018; 15:543-550. [PMID: 30101615 DOI: 10.1177/1740774518793598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Engaging underserved populations in research requires substantial effort for recruitment and retention. The objective of this study is to describe the effort needed to recruit and retain urban participants in pediatric asthma studies and to characterize the Hardest-to-Reach group by demographics and asthma severity. METHODS We included 311 children (3-10 years) with persistent asthma enrolled in two school-based asthma interventions in Rochester, NY. Contact logs were collected at four time points (baseline, 2 month, 4 month, 6 month). We defined "Hardest-to-Reach" (vs "Easier-to-Reach") as being unable to reach a family by telephone at any given contact attempt due to disconnected or wrong numbers. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare groups. RESULTS Overall, we enrolled 311 children (60% Black, 29% Hispanic, 70% Medicaid, response rate 70%). On average, 3.1 contact attempts were required for recruitment (range 1-15), and 35% required rescheduling at least once for the enrollment visit. All but 12 participants completed each follow-up (retention rate = 96%). Completion of follow-ups required an average of 7.6 attempts; we considered 38% of caregivers "Hardest-to-Reach." Caregivers in the Hardest-to-Reach group were slightly younger (33 vs 36 years, p = 0.007) with more depressive symptoms (41% vs 29%, p = 0.035) and smokers in the home (59% vs 48%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, more of the Hardest-to-Reach children had moderate-severe versus mild persistent asthma (64% vs 52%, p = 0.045). Importantly, even the Easier-to-Reach families required many contact attempts, with 52% having >5 attempts for at least one follow-up. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found that among an already vulnerable population, the Hardest-to-Reach families demonstrated higher risk and had children with significantly worse asthma. This study highlights the importance of persistence in reaching those in greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Goldman
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maria Fagnano
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tamara T Perry
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ariel Weisman
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Drobnica
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jill S Halterman
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several concepts - risk, resilience, disability and hard-to-reach families in early intervention services - are talked and written about in many ways. Family Stress Theory can be usefully applied to explore these issues systematically. PROBLEM The relationship between risk and disability is complex, and the role of resilience is not fully understood. The idea of "hard-to-reach families" is not well defined, thus presenting challenges to service providers and policy makers. Reflection: This paper presents the Model of Risk, Disability and Hard-to-Reach Families and uses the model to: (1) define the groups of high risk families and families of children with disabilities and explore the concept of resilience within these groups; (2) describe services offered to these groups; and (3) reflect on service use and so-called "hard-to-reach families". Each section includes suggested applications for service providers that may inform the work done with young children and their families who experience risk or disability. CONCLUSION Service providers can apply the Model of Risk, Disability and Hard-to-Reach Families to consider each family's unique strengths and challenges, and use those individual elements to influence service recommendations and anticipate service use. Implications for rehabilitation The concepts of risk, resilience, and hard-to-reach families are poorly defined in the literatures, but have important implications with respect to early childhood intervention services. Family Stress Theory can help to identify high-risk families and account for family resilience It is important for clinicians, researchers and policy makers to consider the relationship between disability and risk with respect to services offered to families and the potential barriers to service use. Clinicians and policy makers have a role in promoting accessible early childhood services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Phoenix
- a CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,b School of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Peter Rosenbaum
- a CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,b School of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,c Department of Pediatrics , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Marshall J, Harding S, Roulstone S. Language development, delay and intervention-the views of parents from communities that speech and language therapy managers in England consider to be under-served. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2017; 52:489-500. [PMID: 27995697 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice includes research evidence, clinical expertise and stakeholder perspectives. Stakeholder perspectives are important and include parental ethno-theories, which embrace views about many aspects of speech, language and communication, language development, and interventions. The Developmental Niche Framework provides a useful theory to understand parental beliefs. Ethnotheories, including those about language development, delay and interventions, may vary cross culturally and are less well understood in relation to families who may be considered 'under-served' or 'hard-to-reach' by speech and language therapy services. Who is considered to be under-served and the reasons why some families are under-served are complex. AIM To describe beliefs and reported practices, in relation to speech and language development, delay and intervention, of parents and carers from a small number of groups in England who were perceived to be under-served in relation to SLT services. METHODS & PROCEDURES As part of a wider National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded study (Child Talk), seven focus groups (with a total of 52 participants) were held with parents from three communities in England. Topics addressed included beliefs about language development, language delay and parents' reported responses to language delay. Data were transcribed and analysed using adapted framework analysis, which also drew on directed content analysis. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Four themes resulted that broadly matched the topics addressed in the focus groups: language development and the environment; causes and signs of speech and language delay; responses to concerns about speech, language and communication; and improving SLT. These produced some previously unreported ideas, e.g., about how language develops and the causes of delay. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The findings are discussed in relation to previous literature and the Developmental Niche Framework. Clinical implications include ideas about issues for SLTs to discuss with families and the need to recognize that parents may see themselves as competent facilitators of language. Suggestions are made for future research, including: expanded investigation of a wider range of under-served groups, an exploration of who parents consult when concerned about their child's language, and how key community figures advise parents in relation to language delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Marshall
- Health Professions Department, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwa Zulu-Natal, Kwa Zulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sam Harding
- Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, UK
| | - Sue Roulstone
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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14
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Barratt MJ, Ferris JA, Zahnow R, Palamar JJ, Maier LJ, Winstock AR. Moving on From Representativeness: Testing the Utility of the Global Drug Survey. Subst Abuse 2017; 11:1178221817716391. [PMID: 28924351 PMCID: PMC5595253 DOI: 10.1177/1178221817716391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A decline in response rates in traditional household surveys, combined with increased internet coverage and decreased research budgets, has resulted in increased attractiveness of web survey research designs based on purposive and voluntary opt-in sampling strategies. In the study of hidden or stigmatised behaviours, such as cannabis use, web survey methods are increasingly common. However, opt-in web surveys are often heavily criticised due to their lack of sampling frame and unknown representativeness. In this article, we outline the current state of the debate about the relevance of pursuing representativeness, the state of probability sampling methods, and the utility of non-probability, web survey methods especially for accessing hidden or minority populations. Our article has two aims: (1) to present a comprehensive description of the methodology we use at Global Drug Survey (GDS), an annual cross-sectional web survey and (2) to compare the age and sex distributions of cannabis users who voluntarily completed (a) a household survey or (b) a large web-based purposive survey (GDS), across three countries: Australia, the United States, and Switzerland. We find that within each set of country comparisons, the demographic distributions among recent cannabis users are broadly similar, demonstrating that the age and sex distributions of those who volunteer to be surveyed are not vastly different between these non-probability and probability methods. We conclude that opt-in web surveys of hard-to-reach populations are an efficient way of gaining in-depth understanding of stigmatised behaviours and are appropriate, as long as they are not used to estimate drug use prevalence of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Barratt
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee Zahnow
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph J Palamar
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Adam R Winstock
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London.,Global Drug Survey Ltd, London, UK
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Huang JL, Fang Y, Liang M, Li STS, Ng SKC, Hui ZSN, Ching J, Wang HH, Wong MCS. Approaching the Hard-to-Reach in Organized Colorectal Cancer Screening: an Overview of Individual, Provider and System Level Coping Strategies. AIMS Public Health 2017; 4:289-300. [PMID: 29546218 PMCID: PMC5690455 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the proven effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on reduction of CRC mortality, the uptake of CRC screening remains low. Participation rate is one of determinants for the success of organized population-based screening program. This review aims to identify those who are hard-to-reach, and summarize the strategies to increase their screening rate from individual, provider and system levels. METHODS A systematic search of electronic English databases was conducted on the factors and strategies of uptake in CRC screening for the hard-to-reach population up to May 2017. DISCUSSION The coverage rate and participation rate are two indexes to identify the hard-to-reach population in organized CRC screening program. However, the homeless, new immigrants, people with severe mental illness, the jail intimates, and people with characteristics including lower education levels and/or low socioeconomic status, living in rural/remote areas, without insurance, and racial minorities are usually recognized as hard-to-reach populations. For them, organized screening programs offer a better coverage, while novel invitation approaches for eligible individuals and multiple strategies from primary care physicians are still needed to enhance screening rates among subjects who are hard-to-reach. Suggestions implied the effectiveness of interventions at the system level, including linkages to general practice; use of decision making tools; enlisting supports from coalition; and the continuum from screening to diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION Organized CRC screening offers a system access to approach the hard-to-reach populations. To increase their uptake, multiple and novel strategies from individual, provider and system levels should be applied. For policymakers, public healthcare providers and community stakeholders, it is a test to tailor their potential needs and increase their participation rates through continuous efforts to eliminate disparities and inequity in CRC screening service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Liwen Huang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miaoyin Liang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shannon TS Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simpson KC Ng
- JC bowel cancer education center, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zero SN Hui
- JC bowel cancer education center, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica Ching
- JC bowel cancer education center, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Harry Haoxiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
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16
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Fuggle P, Bevington D, Cracknell L, Hanley J, Hare S, Lincoln J, Richardson G, Stevens N, Tovey H, Zlotowitz S. The Adolescent Mentalization-based Integrative Treatment (AMBIT) approach to outcome evaluation and manualization: adopting a learning organization approach. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 20:419-35. [PMID: 24595808 DOI: 10.1177/1359104514521640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AMBIT (Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment) is a developing team approach to working with hard-to-reach adolescents. The approach applies the principle of mentalization to relationships with clients, team relationships and working across agencies. It places a high priority on the need for locally developed evidence-based practice, and proposes that outcome evaluation needs to be explicitly linked with processes of team learning using a learning organization framework. A number of innovative methods of team learning are incorporated into the AMBIT approach, particularly a system of web-based wiki-formatted AMBIT manuals individualized for each participating team. The paper describes early development work of the model and illustrates ways of establishing explicit links between outcome evaluation, team learning and manualization by describing these methods as applied to two AMBIT-trained teams; one team working with young people on the edge of care (AMASS - the Adolescent Multi-Agency Support Service) and another working with substance use (CASUS - Child and Adolescent Substance Use Service in Cambridgeshire). Measurement of the primary outcomes for each team (which were generally very positive) facilitated team learning and adaptations of methods of practice that were consolidated through manualization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liz Cracknell
- Cambridgeshire Adolescent Substance Use Service (CASUS), Cambridge, UK
| | - James Hanley
- Adolescent Multi-Agency Support Service (AMASS), Islington, UK
| | - Suzanne Hare
- Cambridgeshire Adolescent Substance Use Service (CASUS), Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Nina Stevens
- Adolescent Multi-Agency Support Service (AMASS), Islington, UK
| | - Heather Tovey
- Adolescent Multi-Agency Support Service (AMASS), Islington, UK
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17
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Phoenix M, Rosenbaum P. Development and implementation of a paediatric rehabilitation care path for hard-to-reach families: a case report. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:494-9. [PMID: 25251703 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Service providers, policy makers and researchers are increasingly concerned with service provisions for hard-to-reach families. These are defined as families who are eligible for a service, but are difficult for service providers to identify or engage. In our setting, hard-to-reach families were those who missed appointments without prior notice, a problem that was inefficient for the organization, frustrating for clinicians and did not meet child or family needs. This case report describes the development of a care path to promote engagement with hard-to-reach families (MATCH: Making Alternative Therapy Choices Happen) and its adoption among clinicians within a community-based paediatric rehabilitation centre in Ontario, Canada. The care path was developed and implemented at a pilot site at KidsAbility Centre for Child Development (KidsAbility), which allowed us to tailor the care path using clinician input via questionnaires, and to monitor use of the care path. Following pilot implementation clinicians reported being satisfied with the approach and perceived improved child and family outcomes. The care path was expanded to four service sites using a Knowledge Brokering model. After training, clinicians reported a good understanding of the care path: 87% felt that they would have an opportunity to use it within six months, however only 68% felt ready to use it. Challenges to offering MATCH and continuing training preferences were investigated. The MATCH care path illustrates a practical application of the principles of best-practice for engaging hard-to-reach families, tailored for a specific paediatric rehabilitation setting. Continued research is planned to further define the hard-to-reach families within paediatric rehabilitation, determine how hard-to-reach families view engagement in services, and evaluate the effectiveness of MATCH implementation in reducing missed appointments and promoting family engagement in paediatric rehabilitation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Phoenix
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; KidsAbility Centre for Child Development, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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18
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Smith E, Koerting J, Latter S, Knowles MM, McCann DC, Thompson M, Sonuga-Barke EJ. Overcoming barriers to effective early parenting interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): parent and practitioner views. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:93-102. [PMID: 24814640 PMCID: PMC4283979 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of early intervention approaches for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been increasingly acknowledged. Parenting programmes (PPs) are recommended for use with preschool children with ADHD. However, low 'take-up' and high 'drop-out' rates compromise the effectiveness of such programmes within the community. METHODS This qualitative study examined the views of 25 parents and 18 practitioners regarding currently available PPs for preschool children with ADHD-type problems in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to identify both barriers and facilitators associated with programme access, programme effectiveness, and continued engagement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Many of the themes mirrored previous accounts relating to generic PPs for disruptive behaviour problems. There were also a number of ADHD-specific themes. Enhancing parental motivation to change parenting practice and providing an intervention that addresses the parents' own needs (e.g. in relation to self-confidence, depression or parental ADHD), in addition to those of the child, were considered of particular importance. Comparisons between the views of parents and practitioners highlighted a need to increase awareness of parental psychological barriers among practitioners and for better programme advertising generally. Clinical implications and specific recommendations drawn from these findings are discussed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - J Koerting
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - S Latter
- Organisation and Delivery of Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - M M Knowles
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - D C McCann
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - M Thompson
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - E J Sonuga-Barke
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK,Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, University of GhentGhent, Belgium
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19
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Koerting J, Smith E, Knowles MM, Latter S, Elsey H, McCann DC, Thompson M, Sonuga-Barke EJ. Barriers to, and facilitators of, parenting programmes for childhood behaviour problems: a qualitative synthesis of studies of parents' and professionals' perceptions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22:653-70. [PMID: 23564207 PMCID: PMC3826057 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive behaviour problems (DBPs) during childhood exert a high burden on individuals, families and the community as a whole. Reducing this impact is a major public health priority. Early parenting interventions are recommended as valuable ways to target DBPs; however, low take-up of, and high drop-out rates from, these programmes seriously reduce their effectiveness. We present a review of published qualitative evidence relating to factors that block or facilitate access and engagement of parents with such programmes using a thematic synthesis approach. 12 papers presenting views of both parents and professionals met our inclusion and quality criteria. A large number of barriers were identified highlighting the array of challenges parents can face when considering accessing and engaging with treatment for their child with behavioural problems. Facilitating factors in this area were also identified. A series of recommendations were made with regard to raising awareness of programmes and recruiting parents, providing flexible and individually tailored support, delivering programmes through highly skilled, trained and knowledgeable therapists, and highlighting factors to consider when delivering group-based programmes. Clinical guidelines should address barriers and facilitators of engagement as well as basic efficacy of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Koerting
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - E. Smith
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - M. M. Knowles
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - S. Latter
- OCD Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H. Elsey
- Academic Unit of Public Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D. C. McCann
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - M. Thompson
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - E. J. Sonuga-Barke
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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