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Dotsenko VV, Bespalov AV, Sinotsko AE, Temerdashev AZ, Vasilin VK, Varzieva EA, Strelkov VD, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. 6-Amino-4-aryl-7-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro-3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides: Synthesis, Biological Activity, Quantum Chemical Studies and In Silico Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:769. [PMID: 38255843 PMCID: PMC10815501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
New [1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides were synthesized through the reaction of dithiomalondianilide (N,N'-diphenyldithiomalondiamide) with 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylamides or via a three-component reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, cyanoacetamide and dithiomalondianilide in the presence of morpholine. The structure of 6-amino-4-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-7-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro-3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide was confirmed using X-ray crystallography. To understand the reaction mechanism in detail, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed with a Grimme B97-3c composite computational scheme. The results revealed that the rate-limiting step is a cyclization process leading to the closure of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring, with an activation barrier of 28.8 kcal/mol. Some of the dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridines exhibited moderate herbicide safening effects against 2,4-D. Additionally, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) parameters were calculated and molecular docking studies were performed to identify potential protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dotsenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (N.A.A.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Alexander V. Bespalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Anna E. Sinotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Azamat Z. Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Vladimir K. Vasilin
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuban State Technological University, 2 Moskovskaya St., 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Varzieva
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Vladimir D. Strelkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (N.A.A.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Inna V. Aksenova
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (N.A.A.); (I.V.A.)
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Dotsenko VV, Sinotsko AE, Strelkov VD, Varzieva EA, Russkikh AA, Levchenko AG, Temerdashev AZ, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. Alkyl 4-Aryl-6-amino-7- phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro- 3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates: Synthesis and Agrochemical Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020609. [PMID: 36677666 PMCID: PMC9864349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction between dithiomalondianilide (N,N'-diphenyldithiomalondiamide) and alkyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates in the presence of morpholine in the air atmosphere leads to the formation of alkyl 6-amino-4-aryl-7-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro-3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]- pyridine-5-carboxylates in 37-72% yields. The same compounds were prepared in 23-65% yields by ternary condensation of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl(methyl) cyanoacetate and dithiomalondianilide. The reaction mechanism is discussed. The structure of ethyl 6-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro-3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Two of the prepared compounds showed a moderate growth-stimulating effect on sunflower seedlings. Three of the new compounds were recognized as strong herbicide safeners with respect to herbicide 2,4-D in the laboratory and field experiments on sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dotsenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna E. Sinotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Vladimir D. Strelkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Varzieva
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alena A. Russkikh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Arina G. Levchenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Azamat Z. Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Inna V. Aksenova
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
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Gaafar RM, Osman MEAH, Abo-Shady AM, Almohisen IAA, Badawy GA, El-Nagar MMF, Ismail GA. Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Glutathione S-Transferase in Bromoxynil Herbicide Stress Tolerance in Wheat Plants. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11202679. [PMID: 36297703 PMCID: PMC9607508 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous pesticides and herbicides used in excess cause oxidative stress in plants. These chemicals protect plants from weeds and pests, but they also have very negative side effects, making them common abiotic stressors. One of the most significant nutritional crops in the world is the wheat plant. Conditions of herbicide stress have a negative impact on the plant's phonological phases and metabolic pathways. Plants primarily make an effort to adjust to the environment and develop oxidative homeostasis, which supports stress tolerance. METHODS When controlling broadleaf weeds that emerge after cereal crop plants have been planted, bromoxynil is frequently used as a selective-contact herbicide. This study looked at the effects of the cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and Nostoc muscorum aqueous extracts, tryptophan, and bromoxynil (Bh) alone or in combination on wheat plant growth parameters. Both tryptophan and cyanobacterial extract were used as chemical and natural safeners against Bh application. The antioxidant activity and transcriptome studies using qRT-PCR were assayed after 24, 48, 72, 96 h, and 15 days from Bh application in the vegetation stage of wheat plants (55 days old). RESULTS In comparison with plants treated with Bh, wheat plants treated with cyanobacteria and tryptophan showed improvements in all growth parameters. Following application of Bh, wheat plants showed reduced glutathione content, as well as reduced antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-transferase. The combination of different treatments and Bh caused alleviation of the harmful effect induced by Bh on the measured parameters. Additionally, the expression of glutathione synthase and glutathione peroxidase, in addition to those of three genes (Zeta, Tau, and Lambda) of the GST gene family, was significantly upregulated when using Bh alone or in combination with different treatments, particularly after 24 h of treatment. CONCLUSION The current study suggests using cyanobacterial extracts, particularly the A. platensis extract, for the development of an antioxidant defense system against herbicide toxicity, which would improve the metabolic response of developed wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda M. Gaafar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Atef M. Abo-Shady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. A. Almohisen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Quwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Biology, University College of Umluj, Umluj Branch Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, El-Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | | | - Gehan A. Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Baek YS, Goodrich LV, Brown PJ, James BT, Moose SP, Lambert KN, Riechers DE. Transcriptome Profiling and Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal GSTs and Other Defense Genes Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways Induced by Herbicide Safener in Grain Sorghum. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:192. [PMID: 30906302 PMCID: PMC6418823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide safeners protect cereal crops from herbicide injury by inducing genes and proteins involved in detoxification reactions, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (P450s). Only a few studies have characterized gene or protein expression profiles for investigating plant responses to safener treatment in cereal crops, and most transcriptome analyses in response to safener treatments have been conducted in dicot model species that are not protected by safener from herbicide injury. In this study, three different approaches were utilized in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to investigate mechanisms involved in safener-regulated signaling pathways. An initial transcriptome analysis was performed to examine global gene expression in etiolated shoot tissues of hybrid grain sorghum following treatment with the sorghum safener, fluxofenim. Most upregulated transcripts encoded detoxification enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and UDP-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs). Interestingly, several of these upregulated transcripts are similar to genes involved with the biosynthesis and recycling/catabolism of dhurrin, an important chemical defense compound, in these seedling tissues. Secondly, 761 diverse sorghum inbred lines were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine key molecular-genetic factors governing safener-mediated signaling mechanisms and/or herbicide detoxification. GWAS revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with safener-induced response on chromosome 9, located within a phi-class SbGST gene and about 15-kb from a different phi-class SbGST. Lastly, the expression of these two candidate SbGSTs was quantified in etiolated shoot tissues of sorghum inbred BTx623 in response to fluxofenim treatment. SbGSTF1 and SbGSTF2 transcripts increased within 12-hr after fluxofenim treatment but the level of safener-induced expression differed between the two genes. In addition to identifying specific GSTs potentially involved in the safener-mediated detoxification pathway, this research elucidates a new direction for studying both constitutive and inducible mechanisms for chemical defense in cereal crop seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Soon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Loren V. Goodrich
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Jerseyville Research Center, Monsanto Company, Jerseyville, IL, United States
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brandon T. James
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Stephen P. Moose
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kris N. Lambert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean E. Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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