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Lee Y, Park K, Shin J, Oh J, Jang Y, You M. Factors Affecting the Public Intention to Repeat the COVID-19 Vaccination: Implications for Vaccine Communication. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091235. [PMID: 37174775 PMCID: PMC10178399 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most of the pandemic-related mandatory restrictions have been lifted or eased, vaccination is still recommended as an effective measure to minimize the damage from COVID-19 infection. Since COVID-19 eradication is unlikely, it is necessary to understand the factors affecting the public's vaccination intention when COVID-19 vaccination is continuously recommended. This study aims to explore the factors that affect the intention to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea. An online survey was conducted in January 2022 with adults living in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In a hierarchical logistic regression analysis, sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 infection-related factors, COVID-19 vaccination-related factors, sociocultural factors, and communication factors were taken into account. In this study, more than three-quarters (78.1%) of Koreans were willing to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination. People who had high-risk perceptions, had been vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once, had more authoritarian attitudes, regarded the vaccination as a social responsibility, and had positive attitudes toward health authorities' regular briefings were more likely to repeat the vaccination. In contrast, those who directly or indirectly experienced COVID-19 vaccine side effects and who showed psychological reactance against the government's vaccination recommendation were less likely to repeat the vaccination. Our research indicates that empathetic communication, promotion of the prosocial aspect of vaccination, and regular and transparent provision of vaccine information are essential for promoting the intention to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Park
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Shin
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Oh
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongeun Jang
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsoon You
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Assefa GM, Muluneh MD, Tsegaye S, Abebe S, Makonnen M, Kidane W, Negash K, Getaneh A, Stulz V. Does Voluntary Family Planning Contribute to Food Security? Evidence from Ethiopia. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904080 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of voluntary family planning (FP) utilization on food security in selected districts of Ethiopia. Quantitative research methods were used to conduct a community-based study among a sample of 737 women of reproductive age. The data were analyzed using a hierarchical logistic regression constructed in three models. The findings showed 579 (78.2%) were using FP at the time of the survey. According to the household-level food insecurity access scale, 55.2% of households experienced food insecurity. The likelihood of food security was lower by 64% for women who used FP for less than 21 months (AOR = 0.64: 95%CI: 0.42-0.99) in comparison to mothers who used FP for more than 21 months. Households having positive adaptive behaviors were three times more likely (AOR = 3.60: 95%CI 2.07-6.26) to have food security in comparison to those not having positive adaptive behaviors. This study also revealed that almost half of the mothers (AOR: 0.51: 95%CI: 0.33-0.80) who reported being influenced by other family members to use FP had food security, in comparison to their counterparts. Age, duration of FP use, positive adaptive behaviors, and influence by significant others were found to be independent predictors of food security in the study areas. Culturally sensitive strategies need to be considered to expand awareness and dispel misconceptions that lead to hesitancy around FP utilization. Design strategies should take into account households' resilience in adaptive skills during shocks, natural disasters, or pandemics which will be invaluable for food security.
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Engen NW, Hullsiek KH, Belloso WH, Finley E, Hudson F, Denning E, Carey C, Pearson M, Kagan J. A randomized evaluation of on-site monitoring nested in a multinational randomized trial. Clin Trials 2020; 17:3-14. [PMID: 31647325 PMCID: PMC6992467 DOI: 10.1177/1740774519881616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from prospectively designed studies to guide on-site monitoring practices for randomized trials is limited. A cluster randomized study, nested within the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, was conducted to evaluate on-site monitoring. METHODS Sites were randomized to either annual on-site monitoring or no on-site monitoring. All sites were centrally monitored, and local monitoring was carried out twice each year. Randomization was stratified by country and projected enrollment in START. The primary outcome was a participant-level composite outcome including components for eligibility errors, consent violations, use of antiretroviral treatment not recommended by protocol, late reporting of START primary and secondary clinical endpoints (defined as the event being reported more than 6 months from occurrence), and data alteration and fraud. Logistic regression fixed effect hierarchical models were used to compare on-site versus no on-site monitoring for the primary composite outcome and its components. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing on-site monitoring versus no on-site monitoring are cited. RESULTS In total, 99 sites (2107 participants) were randomized to receive annual on-site monitoring and 97 sites (2264 participants) were randomized to be monitored only centrally and locally. The two monitoring groups were well balanced at entry. In the on-site monitoring group, 469 annual on-site monitoring visits were conducted, and 134 participants (6.4%) in 56 of 99 sites (57%) had a primary monitoring outcome. In the no on-site monitoring group, 85 participants (3.8%) in 34 of 97 sites (35%) had a primary monitoring outcome (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.7; p = 0.03). Informed consent violations accounted for most outcomes in each group (56 vs 41 participants). The largest odds ratio was for eligibility violations (odds ratio = 12.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-85.2; p = 0.01). The number of participants with a late START primary endpoint was similar for each monitoring group (23 vs 16 participants). Late START grade 4 and unscheduled hospitalization events were found for 34 participants in the on-site monitoring group and 19 participants in the no on-site monitoring group (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-3.7; p = 0.02). There were no cases of data alteration or fraud. Based on the travel budget for on-site monitoring and the hours spent conducting on-site monitoring, the estimated cost of on-site monitoring was over US$2 million. CONCLUSION On-site monitoring led to the identification of more eligibility and consent violations and START clinical events being reported more than 6 months from occurrence as compared to no on-site monitoring. Considering the nature of the excess monitoring outcomes identified at sites receiving on-site monitoring, as well as the cost of on-site monitoring, the value to the START study was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wyman Engen
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Kathy Huppler Hullsiek
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Waldo H Belloso
- CICAL and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Finley
- Washington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Fleur Hudson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Denning
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Catherine Carey
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Pearson
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Kagan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Chen Y, Şentürk D, Estes JP, Campos LF, Rhee CM, Dalrymple LS, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Nguyen DV. Performance Characteristics of Profiling Methods and the Impact of Inadequate Case-mix Adjustment. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2019; 2019. [PMID: 33311840 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1595649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Profiling or evaluation of health care providers involves the application of statistical models to compare each provider's performance with respect to a patient outcome, such as unplanned 30-day hospital readmission, adjusted for patient case-mix characteristics. The nationally adopted method is based on random effects (RE) hierarchical logistic regression models. Although RE models are sensible for modeling hierarchical data, novel high dimensional fixed effects (FE) models have been proposed which may be well-suited for the objective of identifying sub-standard performance. However, there are limited comparative studies. Thus, we examine their relative performance, including the impact of inadequate case-mix adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92687, U.S.A
| | - Damla Şentürk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Jason P Estes
- Research, Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT 06118, U.S.A
| | - Luis F Campos
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
| | - Lorien S Dalrymple
- Epidemiology and Research, Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA 02451, U.S.A
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
| | - Danh V Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
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Şentürk D, Chen Y, Estes JP, Campos LF, Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Nguyen DV. Impact of Case-Mix Measurement Error on Estimation and Inference in Profiling of Health Care Providers. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2018; 49:2206-2224. [PMID: 33311842 PMCID: PMC7731965 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2018.1515360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Profiling analysis aims to evaluate health care providers by modeling each provider's performance with respect to a patient outcome, such as unplanned hospital readmission. High-dimensional regression models are used in profiling to risk-adjust for patient case-mix covariates. Case-mix covariates typically ascertained from administrative databases are inherently error-prone. We examine the impact of case-mix measurement error (ME) on profiling models. The results show that even though the models' coefficient estimates are biased, this does not affect the estimation of standardized readmission ratio (SRR). However, ME leads to increased variation in SRR estimates and degrades the ability to identify under-performing providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Şentürk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92687, U.S.A
| | - Jason P. Estes
- Research, Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT 06118, U.S.A
| | - Luis F. Campos
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Connie M. Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
| | - Danh V. Nguyen
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, U.S.A
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Roy C, Cumming SG, McIntire EJ. Spatial and temporal variation in harvest probabilities for American black duck. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1992-2004. [PMID: 26045951 PMCID: PMC4449754 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing spatial variation in waterfowl harvest probabilities from banding data is challenging because reporting and recovery probabilities have distinct spatial patterns that covary temporally with harvesting regulations, hunter effort, and reporting methods. We analyzed direct band recovery data from American black ducks banded on the Canadian breeding grounds from 1970 through 2010. Data were registered to a 1-degree grid and analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression models with spatially correlated errors to estimate the annual probabilities of band recovery and the proportion of individuals recovered in Canada. Probability of harvest was estimated from these values, in combination with independent estimates of reporting probabilities in Canada and the USA. Model covariates included estimates of hunting effort and factors for harvest regulation and band reporting methods. Both the band recovery processes and the proportion of individuals recovered in Canada had significant spatial structure. Recovery probabilities were highest in southern Ontario, along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, and in Nova Scotia. Black ducks breeding in Nova Scotia and southern Quebec were harvested predominantly in Canada. Recovery probabilities for juveniles were correlated with hunter effort, while the adult recoveries were weakly correlated with the implementation of stricter harvest regulations in the early 1980s. Mean harvest probability decreased in the northern portion of the survey area but remained stable or even increased in the south. Harvest probabilities for juveniles in 2010 exceeded 20% in southern Quebec and the Atlantic provinces. Our results demonstrate fine-scale variation in harvest probabilities for black duck on the Canadian breeding ground. In particular, harvest probabilities should be closely monitored along the Saint Lawrence River system and in the Atlantic provinces to avoid overexploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roy
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique and Centre d'étude de la Forêt, Université Laval Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven G Cumming
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique and Centre d'étude de la Forêt, Université Laval Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, Canada
| | - Eliot Jb McIntire
- Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8Z 1M5
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