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Hernandha RFH, Umesh B, Patra J, Tseng CJ, Hsieh CT, Li J, Chang JK. Double Nitrogenation Layer Formed Using Nitric Oxide for Enhancing Li + Storage Performance, Cycling Stability, and Safety of Si Electrodes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2310062. [PMID: 38654688 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
To enhance Li storage properties, nitrogenation methods are developed for Si anodes. First, melamine, urea, and nitric oxide (NO) precursors are used to nitrogenize carbon-coated Si particles. The properties of the obtained particles are compared. It is found that the NO process can maximize the graphitic nitrogen (N) content and electronic conductivity of a sample. In addition, optimized N functional groups and O─C species on the electrode surface increase electrolyte wettability. However, with a carbon barrier layer, NO hardly nitrogenizes the Si cores. Therefore, bare Si particles are reacted with NO. Core-shell Si@amorphous SiNx particles are produced using a facile and scalable NO treatment route. The effects of the NO reaction time on the physicochemical properties and charge-discharge performance of the obtained materials are systematically examined. Finally, the Si@SiNx particles are coated with N-doped carbon. Superior capacities of 2435 and 1280 mAh g-1 are achieved at 0.2 and 5 A g-1, respectively. After 300 cycles, 90% of the initial capacity is retained. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that the multiple nitrogenation layers formed by NO significantly suppress electrode exothermic reactions during thermal runaway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharath Umesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jagabandhu Patra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Road, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuandong Road, Taoyuan, 320315, Taiwan
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan
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