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Yu ZX, Li PY, Li K, Miao SY, Wang LF, Song W. Progress on spermatogonial stem cell microenvironment. Yi Chuan 2022; 44:1103-1116. [PMID: 36927556 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.22-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are germ cells (GCs) with long-term self-renewal and differentiation potential in testis, namely tissue stem cells located on the basement membrane, whose self-renewal and differentiation are regulated by the surrounding microenvironment. In recent years, the research of SSCs has made a series of important progress, which brings the hope for the clinical treatment of some male infertility patients. Among them, the microenvironment is particularly important in regulating SSCs. The microenvironment is responsible for integrating the effects of different types of cell components, extracellular matrix, extracellular regulatory molecules and hormones on SSCs, thus regulating the fate of SSCs. The research on SSCs microenvironment has gradually become one of the main contents of stem cell research. In this review, we mainly summarize the cell composition, regulatory factors and characteristics of mouse SSCs microenvironment, thereby providing background information for in-depth study on the structure and function of SSCs microenvironment, and opportunity to find more abundant cell phenotypes and microenvironmental factors through multiple research models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shi-Ying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lin-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Cho JH, Hughes JW. Cilia Action in Islets: Lessons From Mouse Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:922983. [PMID: 35813631 PMCID: PMC9260721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia as a signaling organelle have garnered recent attention as a regulator of pancreatic islet function. These rod-like sensors exist on all major islet endocrine cell types and transduce a variety of external cues, while dysregulation of cilia function contributes to the development of diabetes. The complex role of islet primary cilia has been examined using genetic deletion targeting various components of cilia. In this review, we summarize experimental models for the study of islet cilia and current understanding of mechanisms of cilia regulation of islet hormone secretion. Consensus from these studies shows that pancreatic cilia perturbation can cause both endocrine and exocrine defects that are relevant to human disease. We discuss future research directions that would further elucidate cilia action in distinct groups of islet cells, including paracrine and juxtacrine regulation, GPCR signaling, and endocrine-exocrine crosstalk.
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3
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Alaguero-Cordovilla A, Sánchez-García AB, Ibáñez S, Albacete A, Cano A, Acosta M, Pérez-Pérez JM. An auxin-mediated regulatory framework for wound-induced adventitious root formation in tomato shoot explants. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1642-1662. [PMID: 33464573 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) are produced from non-root tissues in response to different environmental signals, such as abiotic stresses, or after wounding, in a complex developmental process that requires hormonal crosstalk. Here, we characterized AR formation in young seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Micro-Tom' after whole root excision by means of physiological, genetic and molecular approaches. We found that a regulated basipetal auxin transport from the shoot and local auxin biosynthesis triggered by wounding are both required for the re-establishment of internal auxin gradients within the vasculature. This promotes cell proliferation at the distal cambium near the wound in well-defined positions of the basal hypocotyl and during a narrow developmental window. In addition, a pre-established pattern of differential auxin responses along the apical-basal axis of the hypocotyl and an as of yet unknown cell-autonomous inhibitory pathway contribute to the temporal and spatial patterning of the newly formed ARs on isolated hypocotyl explants. Our work provides an experimental outline for the dissection of wound-induced AR formation in tomato, a species that is suitable for molecular identification of gene regulatory networks via forward and reverse genetics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Present address: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), La Alberca, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Yu X, Tang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Lu Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Different Germination Process in Aryloxyphenoxypropionate-Resistant and APP-Susceptible Asia Minor Bluegrass ( Polypogon fugax). Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091191. [PMID: 32932586 PMCID: PMC7569813 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant mutations are predicted to exhibit fitness cost under herbicide-free conditions. Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common weed species in the winter crops. Our previous study established a P. fugax accession (LR) resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides, which also exhibited germination delay relative to the susceptible accession (LS). A comparative transcriptome was conducted to analyze the gene expression profile of LS and LR at two germination time points. A total of 11,856 and 23,123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identified in LS and LR. Most DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Twenty-four genes involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism had higher relative expression levels in LS than LR during germination. Nine genes involved in gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction showed different expression patterns in LS and LR, consistent with their different sensitivity to exogenous hormones treatments. This study first provided insight into transcriptional changes and interaction in the seed germination process of P. fugax. It compared the differential expression profile between APP herbicides resistance and susceptible accessions during germination, which contributed to understanding the association between herbicide resistance and fitness cost.
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Qian HY, Zhang X, Zhao GD, Guo HM, Li G, Xu AY. Effects of Pyriproxyfen Exposure on Reproduction and Gene Expressions in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insects 2020; 11:insects11080467. [PMID: 32722009 PMCID: PMC7469178 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, is an important economic insect and a representative model organism of Lepidoptera, which has been widely used in the study of reproduction and development. The development of the silkworm's reproductive gland is easily affected by many external factors, such as chemical insecticides. After the silkworm larvae were treated with different concentrations of pyriproxyfen, the results showed that the number of eggs and hatching rate of eggs in the silkworm can be reduced by pyriproxyfen, and the concentration effects were displayed. Pyriproxyfen exposure could affect the normal development of the ovary tissue by reducing the number of oocytes and oogonia in the ovaries of silkworm fed with pyriproxyfen. We employed qRT-PCR, to detect the expressions of genes related to ovary development (Vg, Ovo, Otu, Sxl-S and Sxl-L) and hormone regulation (EcR and JHBP2) in silkworm. Our study showed that the transcription levels of Vg, Ovo, Otu, Sxl-S and Sxl-L in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (6.08%, 61.99%, 83.51%, 99.31% and 71.95%, respectively). The transcription level of ECR was 70.22% for the control group, while that of JHBP2 was upregulated by 3.92-fold. Changes of transcription levels of these genes caused by pyriproxyfen exposure ultimately affect the absorption of nutrients, energy metabolism, ovary development and egg formation of the silkworm, thus leading to reproductive disorders of the silkworm. In general, our study revealed the response of silkworm reproduction to pyriproxyfen exposure and provided a certain reference value for the metabolism of the silkworm to pyriproxyfen.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ying Qian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 212018, China
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.Q.); (A.-Y.X.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Guo-Dong Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Hui-Min Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - An-Ying Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212018, China; (X.Z.); (G.-D.Z.); (H.-M.G.); (G.L.)
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 212018, China
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.Q.); (A.-Y.X.)
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6
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Pan X, Taylor MJ, Cohen E, Hanna N, Mota S. Circadian Clock, Time-Restricted Feeding and Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030831. [PMID: 32012883 PMCID: PMC7038040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review was to seek a better understanding of the function and differential expression of circadian clock genes during the reproductive process. Through a discussion of how the circadian clock is involved in these steps, the identification of new clinical targets for sleep disorder-related diseases, such as reproductive failure, will be elucidated. Here, we focus on recent research findings regarding circadian clock regulation within the reproductive system, shedding new light on circadian rhythm-related problems in women. Discussions on the roles that circadian clock plays in these reproductive processes will help identify new clinical targets for such sleep disorder-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Meredith J. Taylor
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Emma Cohen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
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7
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Abstract
The microbiome is undoubtedly the second genome of the human body and has diverse roles in health and disease. However, translational progress is limited due to the vastness of the microbiome, which accounts for over 3.3 million genes, whose functions are still unclear. Numerous studies in the past decade have demonstrated how microbiome impacts various organ-specific cancers by altering the energy balance of the body, increasing adiposity, synthesizing genotoxins and small signaling molecules, and priming and regulating immune response and metabolism of indigestible dietary components, xenobiotics, and pharmaceuticals. In relation to breast cancer, one of the most prominent roles of the human microbiome is the regulation of steroid hormone metabolism since endogenous estrogens are the most important risk factor in breast cancer development especially in postmenopausal women. Intestinal microbes encode enzymes capable of deconjugating conjugated estrogen metabolites marked for excretion, pushing them back into the enterohepatic circulation in a biologically active form. In addition, the intestinal microbes also break down otherwise indigestible dietary polyphenols to synthesize estrogen-like compounds or estrogen mimics that exhibit varied estrogenic potency. The present account discusses the potential role of gastrointestinal microbiome in breast cancer development by mediating metabolism of steroid hormones and synthesis of biologically active estrogen mimics.
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Marks ZRC, Campbell N, deWeerd NA, Lim SS, Gearing LJ, Bourke NM, Hertzog PJ. PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NOVEL TYPE I INTERFERON EPSILON. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101328. [PMID: 31734130 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon epsilon (IFNε) is a type I IFN with unusual patterns of expression and therefore, function. It is constitutively expressed by reproductive tract epithelium and regulated by hormones during estrus cycle, reproduction, and menopause and by exogenous hormones. The IFNe protein is encoded by a gene in the type I IFN locus, binds to IFNAR1 and 2 which are required for signaling via the JAK STAT pathway. Its affinity for binding receptors and transducing signals is less potent than IFNα or β subtypes in vitro. Nevertheless, in vivo experiments indicate its efficacy in regulating mucosal immune responses and protecting from bacterial and viral infections. These studies demonstrate a different mechanism of action to type I IFNs. In this organ system with dynamic fluxes in cellularity, requirement to tolerate an implanted fetus, and be protected from disease, there is co-option of a special IFN from a family of effective immunoregulators, with unique controls and modified potency to make it a safe and effective constitutive reproductive tract cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R C Marks
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Campbell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A deWeerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Linden J Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia.
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Plett KL, Raposo AE, Anderson IC, Piller SC, Plett JM. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase Expression Affects Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and the Regulation of Hormone Signaling Pathways. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1291-1302. [PMID: 31216220 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0007-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of all eukaryotic organisms, from small unicellular yeasts to humans, include members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family. These enzymes affect gene transcription, cellular signaling, and function through the posttranslational methylation of arginine residues. Mis-regulation of PRMTs results in serious developmental defects, disease, or death, illustrating the importance of these enzymes to cellular processes. Plant genomes encode almost the full complement of PRMTs found in other higher organisms, plus an additional PRMT found uniquely in plants, PRMT10. Here, we investigate the role of these highly conserved PRMTs in a process that is unique to perennial plants-the development of symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi. We show that PRMT expression and arginine methylation is altered in the roots of the model tree Eucalyptus grandis by the presence of its ectomycorrhizal fungal symbiont Pisolithus albus. Further, using transgenic modifications, we demonstrate that E. grandis-encoded PRMT1 and PRMT10 have important but opposing effects in promoting this symbiosis. In particular, the plant-specific EgPRMT10 has a potential role in the expression of plant hormone pathways during the colonization process and its overexpression reduces fungal colonization success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Anita E Raposo
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Sabine C Piller
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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10
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Rong C, Du Z, Liu J, Wu X. [Expressions of HSP110 family members in the testes and epididymis of mice at different stages of development and their regulation by hormones]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019; 39:1083-1088. [PMID: 31640949 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expressions of the members of HSP110 family in the testis and epididymis of mice at different stages of development and whether they are regulated by hormones. METHODS The testicular and epididymis tissues of mice at different ages (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 70, and 90 days after birth, 3 mice at each age) were collected for RT-PCR detection of the expression levels of HSP110 family members. Forty-eight mice were randomized into 3 groups for sham operation, castration, or castration with testosterone injections every other day (starting at 7 days after castration), and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after first testosterone injection, the expressions of HSP110 family in the epididymis were detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of HSP110 family members underwent obvious variations with the development of the mice: HSPA4, HSPA4l and HSPH1 expressions in the testicles of the mice first increased and then decreased, and gradually became stable; they also exhibited similar temporal patterns of changes in the epididymis. In the castrated mice, the mRNA expressions of HSPA4 and HSPA4l in the epididymis decreased significantly with the reduction of serum hormone levels (P < 0.05), and became normal after the supplementation of exogenous hormone. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of HSP110 family are affected by developmental regulation, and the expressions of HSPA4 and HSPA4l are under the regulation by hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengting Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Anhui, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Ziwei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Anhui, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xinan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Anhui, Hefei 230041, China
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11
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Ribalta FM, Pazos-Navarro M, Edwards K, Ross JJ, Croser JS, Ochatt SJ. Expression Patterns of Key Hormones Related to Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Embryo Physiological Maturity Shift in Response to Accelerated Growth Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1154. [PMID: 31611890 PMCID: PMC6776635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Protocols have been proposed for rapid generation turnover of temperate legumes under conditions optimized for day-length, temperature, and light spectra. These conditions act to compress time to flowering and seed development across genotypes. In pea, we have previously demonstrated that embryos do not efficiently germinate without exogenous hormones until physiological maturity is reached at 18 days after pollination (DAP). Sugar metabolism and moisture content have been implicated in the modulation of embryo maturity. However, the role of hormones in regulating seed development is poorly described in legumes. To address this gap, we characterized hormonal profiles (IAA, chlorinated auxin [4-Cl-IAA], GA20, GA1, and abscisic acid [ABA]) of developing seeds (10-22 DAP) from diverse pea genotypes grown under intensive conditions optimized for rapid generation turnover and compared them to profiles of equivalent samples from glasshouse conditions. Growing plants under intensive conditions altered the seed hormone content by advancing the auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and ABA profiles by 4 to 8 days, compared with the glasshouse control. Additionally, we observed a synchronization of the auxin profiles across genotypes. Under intensive conditions, auxin peaks were observed at 10 to 12 DAP and GA20 peaks at 10 to 16 DAP, indicative of the end of embryo morphogenesis and initiation of seed desiccation. GA1 was detected only in seeds harvested in the glasshouse. These results were associated with an acceleration of embryo physiological maturity by up to 4 days in the intensive environment. We propose auxin and GA profiles as reliable indicators of seed maturation. The biological relevance of these hormonal fluctuations to the attainment of physiological maturity, in particular the role of ABA and GA, was investigated through the study of precocious in vitro germination of seeds 12 to 22 DAP, with and without exogenous hormones. The extent of sensitivity of developing seeds to exogenous ABA was strongly genotype-dependent. Concentrations between 5 and 10 µM inhibited germination of seeds 18 DAP. Germination of seeds 12 DAP was enhanced 2.5- to 3-fold with the addition of 125 µM GA3. This study provides further insights into the hormonal regulation of seed development and in vitro precocious germination in legumes and contributes to the design of efficient and reproducible biotechnological tools for rapid genetic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico M. Ribalta
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Pazos-Navarro
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Edwards
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John J. Ross
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Janine S. Croser
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sergio J. Ochatt
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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12
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Fritz AJ, Gillis NE, Gerrard DL, Rodriguez PD, Hong D, Rose JT, Ghule PN, Bolf EL, Gordon JA, Tye CE, Boyd JR, Tracy KM, Nickerson JA, van Wijnen AJ, Imbalzano AN, Heath JL, Frietze SE, Zaidi SK, Carr FE, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Higher order genomic organization and epigenetic control maintain cellular identity and prevent breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:484-499. [PMID: 30873710 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells establish and sustain structural and functional integrity of the genome to support cellular identity and prevent malignant transformation. In this review, we present a strategic overview of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms including histone modifications and higher order chromatin organization (HCO) that are perturbed in breast cancer onset and progression. Implications for dysfunctions that occur in hormone regulation, cell cycle control, and mitotic bookmarking in breast cancer are considered, with an emphasis on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell activities. The architectural organization of regulatory machinery is addressed within the contexts of translating cancer-compromised genomic organization to advances in breast cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of novel therapeutic targets with high specificity and minimal off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - N E Gillis
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - D L Gerrard
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - P D Rodriguez
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - D Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J T Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - P N Ghule
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - E L Bolf
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J A Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - C E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - K M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J A Nickerson
- Division of Genes and Development of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - A J van Wijnen
- Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - A N Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - J L Heath
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - S E Frietze
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - S K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - F E Carr
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - G S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
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13
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Lu C, Chen MX, Liu R, Zhang L, Hou X, Liu S, Ding X, Jiang Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhao X, Liu YG. Abscisic Acid Regulates Auxin Distribution to Mediate Maize Lateral Root Development Under Salt Stress. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31231407 PMCID: PMC6560076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important plant organs. Lateral root (LR) initiation (LRI) and development play a central role in environmental adaptation. The mechanism of LR development has been well investigated in Arabidopsis. When we evaluated the distribution of auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) in maize, we found that the mechanism differed from that in Arabidopsis. The distribution of ABA and auxin within the primary roots (PRs) and LRs was independent of each other. Auxin localization was observed below the quiescent center of the root tips, while ABA localized at the top of the quiescent center. Furthermore, NaCl inhibited LRI by increasing ABA accumulation, which mainly regulates auxin distribution, while auxin biosynthesis was inhibited by ABA in Arabidopsis. The polar localization of ZmPIN1 in maize was disrupted by NaCl and exogenous ABA. An inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, fluridone (FLU), and the ABA biosynthesis mutant vp14 rescued the phenotype under NaCl treatment. Together, all the evidence suggested that NaCl promoted ABA accumulation in LRs and that ABA altered the polar localization of ZmPIN1, disrupted the distribution of auxin and inhibited LRI and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanxuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shouxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- National Oceanography Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiandi Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shandong Agricultural Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ying-Gao Liu, ;
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14
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Balyan R, Cai M, Zhao W, Dai Z, Zhai Y, Chen G. Repeated restraint stress upregulates rat sulfotransferase 1A1. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:265-273. [PMID: 30864418 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. SULTs also regulate the biological activities of biological signaling molecules, such as various hormones, bile acids, and monoamine neurotransmitters; therefore, they play critical roles in the endocrine and nervous systems. People are subject to various kinds of physical, chemical, toxicological, physiological, and psychological stresses at one time or another. The study of the effects produced by stress may lead to finding novel remedies for many disease conditions. The effect of repeated restraint stress on rat SULT expression has not been studied. MethodsThis study involves the effect of repeated restraint stress on SULT1A1 expressions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4) were subjected to repeated restraint stress 2 h/day for 7 days. Protein and RNA expression of SULT1A1 were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in important tissues. ResultsWe observed that repeated restraint stress increased the expression of SULT1A1 in the liver, adrenal glands, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex in male rats. Patterns of enhanced expression were observed at both mRNA and protein level, indicating that repeated restraint stress stimulates enzyme expression at the transcriptional level. ConclusionsChanges of SULT1A1 expression in important tissues caused by repeated restraint stress will have a significant effect on drug metabolism and xenobiotics detoxification. The significant changes in endocrine glands and brain sections may also cause disturbances in hormone homeostasis, therefore leading to disease conditions. This report provides clues for the understanding of the effect of stresses on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Balyan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ma Cai
- College of Life Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA, Phone: +405-744-2349
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15
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Aviña-Padilla K, Rivera-Bustamante R, Kovalskaya NY, Hammond RW. Pospiviroid Infection of Tomato Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Flower and Fruit Development. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100516. [PMID: 30241423 PMCID: PMC6213050 DOI: 10.3390/v10100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroids are unencapsidated, single-stranded, covalently-closed circular, highly structured, noncoding RNAs of 239–401 nucleotides that cause disease in several economically important crop plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers), symptoms of pospiviroid infection include stunting, reduced vigor, flower abortion, and reduced size and number of fruits, resulting in significant crop losses. Dramatic alterations in plant development triggered by viroid infection are the result of differential gene expression; in our study, we focused on the effect of tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd) and Mexican papita viroid (MPVd) infection on gene networks associated with the regulation of flower and fruit development. The expression of several of the genes were previously reported to be affected by viroid infection, but two genes not previously studied were included. Changes in gene expression of SlBIGPETAL1 (bHLH transcription factor) and SlOVA6 (proline-like tRNA synthetase) are involved in petal morphology and fertility, respectively. Expression of SlOVA6 was down-regulated in flowers of TPMVd- and MPVd-infected plants, while expression of SlBIGPETAL1 was up-regulated in flowers. Up-regulation of SlBIGPETAL1 and down-regulation of SlOVA6 were positively correlated with symptoms such as reduced petal size and flower abortion. Expression analysis of additional tomato genes and a prediction of a global network association of genes involved in flower and fruit development and impacted by viroid infection may further elucidate the pathways underlying viroid pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aviña-Padilla
- Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querátaro Qro 76300, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Rivera-Bustamante
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico.
| | - Natalia Y Kovalskaya
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Rosemarie W Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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16
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Kamal A, Valentijn A, Barraclough R, Rudland P, Rahmatalla N, Martin-Hirsch P, Stringfellow H, Decruze SB, Hapangama DK. High AGR2 protein is a feature of low grade endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31459-31472. [PMID: 30140383 PMCID: PMC6101135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers for identification of endometrial cancers (ECs) with high risk of recurrence are required to reduce the rising EC-related mortality. AGR2 is a prognostic marker in several hormonally-regulated cancers. AIM To assess the utility of AGR2 as a prognostic marker in EC. METHODS AGR2 immunoexpression was evaluated in 163 human endometrial samples. Change in AGR2 mRNA levels in response to oestrogen and dihydrotestosterone was studied in vitro. RESULTS Upregulation of AGR2 (protein and mRNA) was seen in low grade EC, compared to the postmenopausal endometrium (P = 0.013) and to the high-grade EC (P < 0.0001). Elevated AGR2 protein expression-scores were associated with a high expression of estrogen alpha (ERα), progesterone, androgen receptors and early clinical stages. Metastatic lesions maintained higher AGR2 expression relative to matched-primary tumors. High-AGR2 protein levels were associated with better overall survival (P = 0.02) in all ECs, but in highly-ERα-expressing ECs, AGR2 associated with unfavourable patient outcome. Androgen through its receptor, downregulated AGR2 mRNA in the Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSIONS AGR2 is overexpressed in low grade ECs and positively associated with hormone receptors. The association between high AGR2 and progressive disease within the high-ERα-expressing ECs suggests that in this group of patients, AGR2 might be a potential biomarker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areege Kamal
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- The National Center for Early Detection of Cancer, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Anthony Valentijn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nihad Rahmatalla
- The National Center for Early Detection of Cancer, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Shandya B. Decruze
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Women’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dharani K. Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Women’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Wang H, Chen W, Eggert K, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester H, Schweizer P, Hajirezaei MR, Seiler C, Sreenivasulu N, von Wirén N, Kuhlmann M. Abscisic acid influences tillering by modulation of strigolactones in barley. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:3883-3898. [PMID: 29982677 PMCID: PMC6054196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that are involved in inhibiting shoot branching and in promoting abiotic stress responses. There is evidence that the biosynthetic pathways of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) are functionally connected. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the interaction of SLs and ABA, and the relevance of this interaction for shoot architecture. Based on sequence homology, four genes (HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8) involved in SL biosynthesis were identified in barley and functionally verified by complementation of Arabidopsis mutants or by virus-induced gene silencing. To investigate the influence of ABA on SLs, two transgenic lines accumulating ABA as a result of RNAi-mediated down-regulation of HvABA 8'-hydroxylase 1 and 3 were employed. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed higher ABA levels in root and stem base tissues in these transgenic lines. Both lines showed enhanced tiller formation and lower concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol in root exudates, which was detected for the first time as a naturally occurring SL in barley. Lower expression levels of HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8 indicated that ABA suppresses SL biosynthesis, leading to enhanced tiller formation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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18
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Abbas M, Hernández-García J, Pollmann S, Samodelov SL, Kolb M, Friml J, Hammes UZ, Zurbriggen MD, Blázquez MA, Alabadí D. Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6864-9. [PMID: 29899148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806565115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric auxin distribution is instrumental for the differential growth that causes organ bending on tropic stimuli and curvatures during plant development. Local differences in auxin concentrations are achieved mainly by polarized cellular distribution of PIN auxin transporters, but whether other mechanisms involving auxin homeostasis are also relevant for the formation of auxin gradients is not clear. Here we show that auxin methylation is required for asymmetric auxin distribution across the hypocotyl, particularly during its response to gravity. We found that loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis IAA CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (IAMT1) prematurely unfold the apical hook, and that their hypocotyls are impaired in gravitropic reorientation. This defect is linked to an auxin-dependent increase in PIN gene expression, leading to an increased polar auxin transport and lack of asymmetric distribution of PIN3 in the iamt1 mutant. Gravitropic reorientation in the iamt1 mutant could be restored with either endodermis-specific expression of IAMT1 or partial inhibition of polar auxin transport, which also results in normal PIN gene expression levels. We propose that IAA methylation is necessary in gravity-sensing cells to restrict polar auxin transport within the range of auxin levels that allow for differential responses.
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19
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Abstract
At high vegetation density, shade-intolerant plants sense a reduction in the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) light ratio (R/FR) in addition to a general reduction in light intensity. These light signals trigger a spectrum of morphological changes manifested by growth of stem-like tissue (hypocotyl, petiole, etc.) instead of harvestable organs (leaves, fruits, seeds, etc.)-namely, shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Common phenotypical changes related to SAS are changes in leaf hyponasty, an increase in hypocotyl and internode elongation and extended petioles. Prolonged shade exposure leads to early flowering, less branching, increased susceptibility to insect herbivory, and decreased seed yield. Thus, shade avoidance significantly impacts on agronomic traits. Many genetic and molecular studies have revealed that phytochromes, cryptochromes and UVR8 (UV-B photoreceptor protein) monitor the changes in light intensity under shade and regulate the stability or activity of phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). PIF-governed modulation of the expression of auxin biosynthesis, transporter and signaling genes is the major driver for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Besides auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and ethylene are also required for shade-induced hypocotyl or petiole elongation growth. In leaves, accumulated auxin stimulates cytokinin oxidase expression to break down cytokinins and inhibit leaf growth. In the young buds, shade light promotes the accumulation of abscisic acid to repress branching. Shade light also represses jasmonate- and salicylic acid-induced defense responses to balance resource allocation between growth and defense. Here we will summarize recent findings relating to such hormonal regulation in SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and certain crops.
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20
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Mellor N, Band LR, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Rashed A, Holman T, Wilson MH, Voß U, Bishopp A, King JR, Ljung K, Bennett MJ, Owen MR. Dynamic regulation of auxin oxidase and conjugating enzymes AtDAO1 and GH3 modulates auxin homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11022-7. [PMID: 27651495 PMCID: PMC5047161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604458113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, and great progress has been made understanding auxin transport and signaling. Here, we show that auxin metabolism and homeostasis are also regulated in a complex manner. The principal auxin degradation pathways in Arabidopsis include oxidation by Arabidopsis thaliana gene DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1/2 (AtDAO1/2) and conjugation by Gretchen Hagen3s (GH3s). Metabolic profiling of dao1-1 root tissues revealed a 50% decrease in the oxidation product 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and increases in the conjugated forms indole-3-acetic acid aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) and indole-3-acetic acid glutamic acid (IAA-Glu) of 438- and 240-fold, respectively, whereas auxin remains close to the WT. By fitting parameter values to a mathematical model of these metabolic pathways, we show that, in addition to reduced oxidation, both auxin biosynthesis and conjugation are increased in dao1-1 Transcripts of AtDAO1 and GH3 genes increase in response to auxin over different timescales and concentration ranges. Including this regulation of AtDAO1 and GH3 in an extended model reveals that auxin oxidation is more important for auxin homoeostasis at lower hormone concentrations, whereas auxin conjugation is most significant at high auxin levels. Finally, embedding our homeostasis model in a multicellular simulation to assess the spatial effect of the dao1-1 mutant shows that auxin increases in outer root tissues in agreement with the dao1-1 mutant root hair phenotype. We conclude that auxin homeostasis is dependent on AtDAO1, acting in concert with GH3, to maintain auxin at optimal levels for plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Mellor
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Leah R Band
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Afaf Rashed
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Holman
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Wilson
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - John R King
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
| | - Markus R Owen
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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21
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Quinet M, Bataille G, Dobrev PI, Capel C, Gómez P, Capel J, Lutts S, Motyka V, Angosto T, Lozano R. Transcriptional and hormonal regulation of petal and stamen development by STAMENLESS, the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) orthologue to the B-class APETALA3 gene. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:2243-56. [PMID: 24659487 PMCID: PMC4036497 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Four B-class MADS box genes specify petal and stamen organ identities in tomato. Several homeotic mutants affected in petal and stamen development were described in this model species, although the causal mutations have not been identified for most of them. In this study we characterized a strong stamenless mutant in the tomato Primabel cultivar (sl-Pr), which exhibited homeotic conversion of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels and we compared it with the stamenless mutant in the LA0269 accession (sl-LA0269). Genetic complementation analysis proved that both sl mutants were allelic. Sequencing revealed point mutations in the coding sequence of the Tomato APETALA3 (TAP3) gene of the sl-Pr genome, which lead to a truncated protein, whereas a chromosomal rearrangement in the TAP3 promoter was detected in the sl-LA0269 allele. Moreover, the floral phenotype of TAP3 antisense plants exhibited identical homeotic changes to sl mutants. These results demonstrate that SL is the tomato AP3 orthologue and that the mutant phenotype correlated to the SL silencing level. Expression analyses showed that the sl-Pr mutation does not affect the expression of other tomato B-class genes, although SL may repress the A-class gene MACROCALYX. A partial reversion of the sl phenotype by gibberellins, gene expression analysis, and hormone quantification in sl flowers revealed a role of phytohormones in flower development downstream of the SL gene. Together, our results indicated that petal and stamen identity in tomato depends on gene-hormone interactions, as mediated by the SL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5 bte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gwennaël Bataille
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5 bte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, Prague 6, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5 bte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, Prague 6, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Golenberg EM, West NW. Hormonal interactions and gene regulation can link monoecy and environmental plasticity to the evolution of dioecy in plants. Am J Bot 2013; 100:1022-37. [PMID: 23538873 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most models for dioecy in flowering plants assume that dioecy arises directly from hermaphroditism through a series of independent feminizing and masculinizing mutations that become chromosomally linked. However, dioecy appears to evolve most frequently through monoecious grades. The major genetic models do not explain the evolution of unisexual flowers in monoecious and submonoecious populations, nor do they account for environmentally induced sexual plasticity. In this review, we explore the roles of environmental stress and hormones on sex determination, and propose a model that can explain the evolution of dioecy through monoecy, and the mechanisms of environmental sex determination. Environmental stresses elicit hormones that allow plants to mediate the negative effects of the stresses. Many of these same hormones are involved in the regulation of floral developmental genes. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms whereby these hormones interact and can act as switchpoints in regulatory pathways. Consequently, differential concentrations of plant hormones can regulate whole developmental pathways, providing a mechanism for differential development within isogenic individuals such as seen in monoecious plants. Sex-determining genes in such systems will evolve to generate clusters of coexpressed suites. Coexpression rather than coinheritance of gender-specific genes will define the sexual developmental fate. Therefore, selection for gender type will drive evolution of the regulatory sequences of such genes rather than their synteny. Subsequent mutations to hyper- or hyposensitive alleles within the hormone response pathway can result in segregating dioecious populations. Simultaneously, such developmental systems will remain sensitive to external stimuli that modify hormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Golenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Elsarraj HS, Stecklein SR, Valdez K, Behbod F. Emerging functions of microRNA-146a/b in development and breast cancer: microRNA-146a/b in development and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2012; 17:79-87. [PMID: 22350993 PMCID: PMC8276881 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-012-9240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. These molecules play critical roles in regulating normal developmental processes, but when deregulated, are causally linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. MicroRNA-146a and -146b are encoded by two different genes, but differ by only two bases and appear to function redundantly in many systems. Initial studies branded miR-146a/b as important mediators of inflammatory signaling, documenting the ability of these miRNAs to influence differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and effector immune mechanisms within the hematopoietic system. Numerous contemporary studies now implicate miR-146a/b as pleiotropic regulators of tumorigenesis, as a polymorphism in miR-146a and altered expression of both miR-146a/b have been linked with cancer risk, tumor histogenesis and invasive and metastatic capacity in diverse cancers. Despite the numerous reports concerning miR-146a/b in human cancers, the mechanistic contributions of these miRNAs in both normal and neoplastic mammary gland development and biology remains poorly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Elsarraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Abstract
The formation of a nitrogen-fixing nodule involves two diverse developmental processes in the legume root: infection thread initiation in epidermal cells and nodule primordia formation in the cortex. Several plant hormones have been reported to positively or negatively regulate nodulation. These hormones function at different stages in the nodulation process and may facilitate the coordinated development of the epidermal and cortical developmental programs that are necessary to allow bacterial infection into the developing nodule. In this paper, we review and discuss how the tissue specific nature of hormonal action dictates where, when and how a nodule is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Ding
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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