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Froese V, Goubergrits L, Kertzscher U, Lommel M. Experimental validation of the power law hemolysis model using a Couette shearing device. Artif Organs 2024; 48:495-503. [PMID: 38146895 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of blood trauma, such as hemolysis in blood-carrying devices, is crucial due to the high incidence of adverse events like alteration of blood function, bleeding, and multi-organ failure. The extent of flow-induced hemolysis, predominantly influenced by stress duration and intensity, is described by established model parameters based on the power law approach. In recent years, various parameters were determined using different Couette shearing devices and donor species. However, they have not been validated due to limited experimental data. METHODS This study provides hemolysis measurements in a Couette shearing device and evaluates the suitability of different power law parameters. The revised Couette shearing device generates well-defined dynamic stress loads that are repeatedly applied to blood samples at a defined temperature. Human blood samples with an adjusted hematocrit of 30%, were tested with varying repetitions (20 to 80 times). The half-sinusoidal stress loads had amplitudes of 73 to 140 Pa and exposure times of 24 msec per repetition. The parameters of five common power law hemolysis approaches were then compared with the experimental data. RESULTS The prediction with the power law model parameters C = 3.458 × 10-6, α = 0.2777 and β = 2.0639 showed a good agreement with the experimental results. CONCLUSION The effect of multiple short-time stresses on hemolysis was investigated to validate the power law hemolysis model with the Couette shearing device of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Froese
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid Goubergrits
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kertzscher
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lommel
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Konig IFM, Chaves Reis A, Braga MA, De Sousa Melo D, Aparecida Oliveira E, Maria Seles Dorneles E, Thomasi SS, Neodini Remedio R, Marcussi S. Comparative toxicological evaluation of carvacrol, acetylcarvacrol anda fipronil-based pesticide in human blood cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:203-212. [PMID: 36541066 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2159428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived chemicals are promising substances to control arthropod pests, although synthetic ones are still the most frequently used. Thus, comparative toxicological studies are needed to determine if natural substances are safe alternatives to replace the use of synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of carvacrol (natural origin), acetylcarvacrol (semi-synthetic) and a fipronil-based pesticide (synthetic). We assessed the effects of these chemicals on hemolytic activity, erythrocytes morphology and leucocyte viability using whole blood from human subjects. Additionally, DNA damage was evaluated through comet and DNA fragmentation assays. Fipronil and carvacrol caused hemolysis at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0%, whereas acetylcarvacrol did not cause hemolysis at 0.5 and 0.75%. Fipronil and carvacrol caused severe alterations in erythrocytes' morphology at 2%, such as ghost erythrocytes, elliptocyte-like shape and rouleau-like shape, presenting only 3.3 and 8.3% normal cells, respectively, at this concentration. However, 73.3% erythrocytes incubated with 2% acetylcarvacrol exhibited normal morphology. Fipronil considerably reduced leucocytes viability, decreasing it to 78% at 2%. Carvacrol and acetylcarvacrol showed no differences in leucocyte viability for 0.5 to 1.0%, but a decrease was observed for 2% carvacrol. The comet assay showed similar DNA damage for fipronil and carvacrol, but it was significantly lower for 1 and 2% acetylcarvacrol. Incubation with genomic DNA showed that only fipronil caused fragmentation of this molecule. Thus, we conclude that carvacrol and fipronil can present similar toxicity at higher concentrations. However, acetylation of carvacrol significantly reduced its toxicity to human blood cells compared with the other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Chaves Reis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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O’Brien G, Kamuda M, Cruz-Garcia L, Polozova M, Tichy A, Markova M, Sirak I, Zahradnicek O, Widłak P, Ponge L, Polanska J, Badie C. Transcriptional Inflammatory Signature in Healthy Donors and Different Radiotherapy Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1080. [PMID: 38256152 PMCID: PMC10816540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and ionizing radiation exposure are associated with inflammation. To identify a set of radiation-specific signatures of inflammation-associated genes in the blood of partially exposed radiotherapy patients, differential expression of 249 inflammatory genes was analyzed in blood samples from cancer patients and healthy individuals. The gene expression analysis on a cohort of 63 cancer patients (endometrial, head and neck, and prostate cancer) before and during radiotherapy (24 h, 48 h, ~1 week, ~4-8 weeks, and 1 month after the last fraction) identified 31 genes and 15 up- and 16 down-regulated genes. Transcription variability under normal conditions was determined using blood drawn on three separate occasions from four healthy donors. No difference in inflammatory expression between healthy donors and cancer patients could be detected prior to radiotherapy. Remarkably, repeated sampling of healthy donors revealed an individual endogenous inflammatory signature. Next, the potential confounding effect of concomitant inflammation was studied in the blood of seven healthy donors taken before and 24 h after a flu vaccine or ex vivo LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment; flu vaccination was not detected at the transcriptional level and LPS did not have any effect on the radiation-induced signature identified. Finally, we identified a radiation-specific signature of 31 genes in the blood of radiotherapy patients that were common for all cancers, regardless of the immune status of patients. Confirmation via MQRT-PCR was obtained for BCL6, MYD88, MYC, IL7, CCR4 and CCR7. This study offers the foundation for future research on biomarkers of radiation exposure, radiation sensitivity, and radiation toxicity for personalized radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Kamuda
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariia Polozova
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Markova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldrich Zahradnicek
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Ponge
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
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Pierzchalski A, Zenclussen AC, Herberth G. A comprehensive battery of flow cytometric immunoassays for the in vitro testing of chemical effects in human blood cells. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327960. [PMID: 38229911 PMCID: PMC10790304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing need for immunological assays to test toxic and modulatory effects of chemicals. The assays should be easy to use, reproducible and superior to cell line-based assays. We have therefore developed a comprehensive portfolio of assays based on primary human blood cells that are suitable for testing chemical effects. Methods The flow cytometry-based assays were designed to target a wide range of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood, including T cells, NK cells, B cells, basophils and innate-like T cells such as γδT, MAIT and NKT cells. We have selected a set of activation markers for each immune cell, e.g: CD154 (T cells), CD137, CD107a (NK cells), CD63 (basophils), CD69, CD83 (B cells), CD69, IFN-γ (MAIT cells) and we selected cell specific stimuli: aCD3 antibodies (T cells); E. coli and cytokines IL-12/15/18 (MAIT cells); CpG ODN2006, R848 or aCD40 antibodies (B cells), fMLP or aFcϵR1 (basophils) or K562 cells (NK cells). Results By selecting immune cell-specific markers and cell-specific stimuli, we were able to induce particular immune responses from the targeted immune cells. For example, the response to stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies was in 36.8% of CD107a+CD8+ cells. Cytokine stimulation induced the production of IFN-γ in 30% of MAIT cells. After stimulation with E. coli, around 50% of MAIT cells produced TNF. About 40% of basophils responded to aFcƐR1 stimulation. Similar activation ranges were achieved in K562-stimulated NK cells. Conclusion Our test portfolio covers the most relevant immune cells present in human blood, providing a solid basis for in vitro toxicity and immunomodulatory testing of chemicals. By using human blood, the natural composition of cells found in the blood can be determined and the effects of chemicals can be detected at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology Research Group, Medical Faculty, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Krémer V, Godon O, Bruhns P, Jönsson F, de Chaisemartin L. Isolation methods determine human neutrophil responses after stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301183. [PMID: 38077317 PMCID: PMC10704165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying neutrophils is challenging due to their limited lifespan, inability to proliferate, and resistance to genetic manipulation. Neutrophils can sense various cues, making them susceptible to activation by blood collection techniques, storage conditions, RBC lysis, and the isolation procedure itself. Here we assessed the impact of the five most used methods for neutrophil isolation on neutrophil yield, purity, activation status and responsiveness. We monitored surface markers, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA release as a surrogate for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Our results show that neutrophils isolated by negative immunomagnetic selection and density gradient methods, without RBC lysis, resembled untouched neutrophils in whole blood. They were also less activated and more responsive to milder stimuli in functional assays compared to neutrophils obtained using density gradients requiring RBC lysis. Our study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate method for studying neutrophils, and underscores the need for standardizing isolation protocols to facilitate neutrophil subset characterization and inter-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Krémer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ophélie Godon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- L'Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Immunology Department, Paris, France
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Franco EM, Alves LA, Naveed H, Freitas VAA, Bastos DC, Mattos-Graner RO. Amyloid Fibrils Produced by Streptococcus sanguinis Contribute to Biofilm Formation and Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15686. [PMID: 37958670 PMCID: PMC10647432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface proteins assembled into amyloids contribute to biofilm formation and host immune evasion. Streptococcus sanguinis, a pioneer colonizer of teeth commonly involved in cardiovascular infections, expresses about thirty-three proteins anchored to the cell wall by sortase A. Here, we characterized the production of amyloid in S. sanguinis strains differing in biofilm and immune evasion phenotypes and investigated the role of sortase A in amyloidogenesis. Amyloid was identified in biofilms formed by nine strains, using Congo red (CR) staining and cross-polarized light microscopy. Additionally, EGCG, an amyloid inhibitor, impaired biofilm maturation in a strain-specific fashion. The amounts of amyloid-like components quantified in culture fluids of nine strains using thioflavin T and fluorimetry negatively correlated with bacterial binding to complement-activating proteins (SAP, C1q), C3b deposition and rates of opsonophagocytosis in PMNs, implying amyloid production in immune evasion. The deletion of the sortase A gene (srtA) in strain SK36 compromised amyloid production and sucrose-independent biofilm maturation. The srtA mutant further showed increased susceptibility to C3b deposition and altered interactions with PMNs as well as reduced persistence in human blood. These findings highlight the contribution of amyloids to biofilm formation and host immune evasion in S. sanguinis strains, further indicating the participation of sortase A substrates in amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M. Franco
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Lívia A. Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Victor A. A. Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Débora C. Bastos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil;
- São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
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Telek E, Ujfalusi Z, Nyitrai M, Bogner P, Lukács A, Németh T, Hild G, Hild G. Deconvolution Analysis of the Non-Ionic Iomeprol, Iobitridol and Iodixanol Contrast Media-Treated Human Whole Blood Thermograms: A Comparative Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2523. [PMID: 37568886 PMCID: PMC10417150 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of non-ionic contrast media on anticoagulated and non-anticoagulated human whole blood samples, calorimetric measurements were performed. The anticoagulated plasma showed the greatest fall in the total ΔH after Iodixanol treatment. The plasma-free erythrocytes revealed a pronounced shift in the Tmax and a decrease in the ΔH of hemoglobin and transferrin. The total ΔH of Iodixanol treatment showed the highest decline, while Iomeprol and Iobitridol had fewer adverse effects. Similarly, the non-anticoagulated samples revealed a decrease both in the Tmax and the ΔH of albumin and immunoglobulin-specific transitions. The total ΔH showed that Iodixanol had more influence on the serum. The serum-free erythrocyte samples resulted in a significant drop in the Tmax of erythrocyte and transferrin (~5-6 °C). The ΔH of deconvolved hemoglobin and transferrin decreased considerably; however, the ΔH of albumin increased. Surprisingly, compared to Iomeprol and Iobitridol treatments, the total ΔH of Iodixanol was less pronounced in the non-anticoagulated erythrocyte samples. In sum, each non-ionic contrast medium affected the thermal stability of anticoagulated and non-anticoagulated erythrocyte proteins. Interestingly, Iodixanol treatment caused more significant effects. These findings suggest that conformational changes in blood components can occur, which can potentially lead to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular dysfunctions and blood clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (M.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Zoltán Ujfalusi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (M.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (M.N.); (A.L.)
- Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Str. 34, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bogner
- Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - András Lukács
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (M.N.); (A.L.)
- Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Str. 34, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Németh
- Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Gabriella Hild
- Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Gábor Hild
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (M.N.); (A.L.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Chaban R, McGrath G, Habibabady Z, Rosales I, Burdorf L, Ayares DL, Rybak E, Zhang T, Harris DG, Dahi S, Ali F, Parsell DM, Braileanu G, Cheng X, Sievert E, Phelps C, Azimzadeh AM, Pierson RN. Increased human complement pathway regulatory protein gene dose is associated with increased endothelial expression and prolonged survival during ex-vivo perfusion of GTKO pig lungs with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12812. [PMID: 37504492 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expression of human complement pathway regulatory proteins (hCPRP's) such as CD46 or CD55 has been associated with improved survival of pig organ xenografts in multiple different models. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that an increased human CD46 gene dose, through homozygosity or additional expression of a second hCPRP, is associated with increased protein expression and with improved protection from injury when GTKO lung xenografts are perfused with human blood. METHODS Twenty three GTKO lungs heterozygous for human CD46 (GTKO.heteroCD46), 10 lungs homozygous for hCD46 (GTKO.homoCD46), and six GTKO.homoCD46 lungs also heterozygous for hCD55 (GTKO.homoCD46.hCD55) were perfused with human blood for up to 4 h in an ex vivo circuit. RESULTS Relative to GTKO.heteroCD46 (152 min, range 5-240; 6/23 surviving at 4 h), survival was significantly improved for GTKO.homoCD46 (>240 min, range 45-240, p = .034; 7/10 surviving at 4 h) or GTKO.homoCD46.hCD55 lungs (>240 min, p = .001; 6/6 surviving at 4 h). Homozygosity was associated with increased capillary expression of hCD46 (p < .0001). Increased hCD46 expression was associated with significantly prolonged lung survival (p = .048),) but surprisingly not with reduction in measured complement factor C3a. Hematocrit, monocyte count, and pulmonary vascular resistance were not significantly altered in association with increased hCD46 gene dose or protein expression. CONCLUSION Genetic engineering approaches designed to augment hCPRP activity - increasing the expression of hCD46 through homozygosity or co-expressing hCD55 with hCD46 - were associated with prolonged GTKO lung xenograft survival. Increased expression of hCD46 was associated with reduced coagulation cascade activation, but did not further reduce complement activation relative to lungs with relatively low CD46 expression. We conclude that coagulation pathway dysregulation contributes to injury in GTKO pig lung xenografts perfused with human blood, and that the survival advantage for lungs with increased hCPRP expression is likely attributable to improved endothelial thromboregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chaban
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gannon McGrath
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zahra Habibabady
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivy Rosales
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Burdorf
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Revivicor, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Elana Rybak
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald G Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siamak Dahi
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Franchesca Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn M Parsell
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gheorghe Braileanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiangfei Cheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn Sievert
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Omari F, Khaouane L, Laidi M, Ibrir A, Roubehie Fissa M, Hentabli M, Hanini S. Dragonfly algorithm-support vector machine approach for prediction the optical properties of blood. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37376957 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2228957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the optical properties of blood plays important role in medical diagnostics and therapeutic applications in laser medicine. In this paper, we present a very rapid and accurate artificial intelligent approach using Dragonfly Algorithm/Support Vector Machine models to estimate the optical properties of blood, specifically the absorption coefficient, and the scattering coefficient using key parameters such as wavelength (nm), hematocrit percentage (%), and saturation of oxygen (%), in building very highly accurate Dragonfly Algorithm-Support Vector Regression models (DA-SVR). 1000 training and testing sets were selected in the wavelength range of 250-1200 nm and the hematocrit of 0-100%. The performance of the proposed method is characterized by high accuracy indicated in the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.9994 and 0.9957 for absorption and scattering coefficients, respectively. In addition, the root mean squared error values (RMSE) of 0.972 and 2.9193, as well as low mean absolute error values (MAE) of 0.2173 and 0.2423, this result showed a strong match with the experimental data. The models can be used to accurately predict the absorption and scattering coefficients of blood, and provide a reliable reference for future studies on the optical properties of human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Omari
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Latifa Khaouane
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Maamar Laidi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Abdellah Ibrir
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
- Materials and Environment Laboratory (LME), Faculty of Technology, Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Roubehie Fissa
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Hentabli
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
- Quality Control Laboratory, SAIDAL Complex of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Salah Hanini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
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10
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Álvarez Menéndez G, Amor-Gutiérrez O, Costa García A, Funes-Menéndez M, Prado C, Miguel D, Rodríguez-González P, González-Gago A, Ignacio García Alonso J. Development and evaluation of an electrochemical biosensor for creatinine quantification in a drop of whole human blood. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 543:117300. [PMID: 36948239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for creatinine determination in a drop of whole human blood was developed and applied to the determination of creatinine in real clinical samples. It is based on the modification of a dual carbon working electrode with a combination of three enzymes: creatinine amidohydrolase (CNN), creatine amidinohydrolase (CRN) and sarcosine oxidase (SOX). Electrochemical transduction is performed using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as mediator. A drop of human blood is enough to carry out the measurements by differential chronoamperometry where one carbon electrode detects creatine and the other both creatine and creatinine. The integrated differential signal obtained in the biosensor is linear with the concentration of creatinine in blood in the range 0.5-15 mg/dL and the enzyme-modified electrodes are stable for at least 3 months at 4°C. The biosensor was lined to a reference method based on Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) with 50 real human blood samples and the results compared with those obtained by alternative routine techniques based on Jaffé method and an enzymatic method (Cobas 8000 Roche®, Crep2 Roche®). There were no significant differences between the creatinine concentrations found by the routine techniques and the developed biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Álvarez Menéndez
- Healthsens S.L, Vivarium Ciencias de la Salud, calle Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez
- Healthsens S.L, Vivarium Ciencias de la Salud, calle Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Costa García
- Healthsens S.L, Vivarium Ciencias de la Salud, calle Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Funes-Menéndez
- Healthsens S.L, Vivarium Ciencias de la Salud, calle Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Catuxa Prado
- Healthsens S.L, Vivarium Ciencias de la Salud, calle Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Diego Miguel
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana González-Gago
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Li L, Yu N, Wang X, Shi W, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan B, Yu H, Wei S. Comprehensive Exposure Studies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the General Population: Target, Nontarget Screening, and Toxicity Prediction. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:14617-14626. [PMID: 36174189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment and populations have received extensive attention; however, their distribution and potential toxic effects in the general population remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive study on PFAS screening was carried out in serum samples of 202 individuals from the general population in four cities in China. A total of 165 suspected PFASs were identified using target and nontarget analysis, including seven identified PFAS homolog series, of which 16 PFASs were validated against standards, and seven PFASs [4:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (4:2 Cl-PFESA), 7:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (7:2 Cl-PFESA), hydrosubstituted perfluoroheptanoate (H-PFHpA), chlorine-substituted perfluorooctanoate (Cl-PFOA), chlorine-substituted perfluorononanate (Cl-PFNA), chlorine-substituted perfluorodecanoate (Cl-PFDA), and perfluorodecanedioic acid (PFLDCA n = 8)] were reported for the first time in human serum. The Tox21-GCN model (a graph convolutional neural network model based on the Tox21 database) was established to predict the toxicity of the discovered PFASs, revealing that PFASs containing sulfonic acid groups exhibited multiple potential toxic effects, such as estrogenic effects and stress responses. Our study indicated that the general population was exposed to various PFASs, and the toxicity prediction results of individual PFASs suggested potential health risks that could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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12
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Huang Y, Fan C, Liu Y, Yang L, Hu W, Liu S, Wang T, Shu Z, Li B, Xing M, Yang S. Nature-Derived Okra Gel as Strong Hemostatic Bioadhesive in Human Blood, Liver, and Heart Trauma of Rabbits and Dogs. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200939. [PMID: 35776108 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioadhesive performance can be compromised due to bleeding. Bleeding increases mortality. Adhesives with hemostatic function are of great significance. A sustainable and robust hemostatic bioadhesive from okra is reported. The adhesive strength reaches around three and six-fold higher than commercial fibrin on pigskin and glass, respectively. The okra gel presents high-pressure resistance and great underwater adhesive strength. In human blood experiments, the okra gel can activate platelets, enhance the adhesion of activated platelets, and release coagulation factors XI and XII. By forming a fast gel layer and closely adhering to the wound, it can quickly stop bleeding in the liver and heart of rabbits and dogs. Meanwhile, okra gel can cause platelet activation at the wound site and further strengthen its hemostatic performance. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can promote wound healing and shows potential as a sustainable bioadhesive, especially in the scenario of significant hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqiang Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tongchuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zhenzhen Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
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13
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Jamiolkowski MA, Patel M, Golding MD, Malinauskas RA, Lu Q. Comparison of Animal and Human Blood for In Vitro Dynamic Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials. Artif Organs 2022; 46:2400-2411. [PMID: 35866431 PMCID: PMC9669094 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine suitable alternatives to human blood for in vitro dynamic thrombogenicity testing of biomaterials, four different animal blood sources (ovine, bovine, and porcine blood from live donors, and abattoir porcine blood) were compared to fresh human blood. METHODS To account for blood coagulability differences between individual donors and species, each blood pool was heparinized to a donor-specific concentration immediately before testing in a dynamic flow loop system. The target heparin level was established using a static thrombosis pre-test. For dynamic testing, whole blood was recirculated at room temperature for 1 hr at 200 mL/min through a flow loop containing a single test material. Four materials with varying thrombotic potentials were investigated: latex (positive control), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (negative control), silicone (intermediate thrombotic potential), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (historically thromboresistant). Thrombus weight and surface area coverage on the test materials were quantified, along with platelet count reduction in the blood. RESULTS While donor-specific heparin levels varied substantially from 0.6 U/ml to 7.0 U/mL among the different blood sources, each source was able to differentiate between the thrombogenic latex and the thromboresistant PTFE and HDPE materials (P< 0.05). However, only donor ovine and bovine blood were sensitive enough to differentiate an increased response for the intermediate thrombotic silicone material compared to PTFE and HDPE. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that multiple animal blood sources (particularly donor ovine and bovine blood) may be suitable alternatives to fresh human blood for dynamic thrombogenicity testing when appropriate control materials and donor-specific anticoagulation levels are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Jamiolkowski
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mehulkumar Patel
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Madelyn D Golding
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Malinauskas
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Qijin Lu
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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14
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Imran H, Alam A, Dharuman V, Lim S. Fabrication of Enzyme-Free and Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Sensor Based on ZnO Rod and Ru Doped Carbon Nitride Modified Gold Transducer. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12101778. [PMID: 35631000 PMCID: PMC9143380 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income counties and health expenditure also increased 316% over the last 15 years. In this regard, we fabricate low cost, reusable and rapid detection of diabetes sensor based on zinc oxide rod inserted ruthenium-doped carbon nitride (ZnO-g-Ru-C3N4) modified sensor device. Developed sensor device physically and electrochemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Sensing device as an effective enzyme-free glucose detection with high sensitivity (346 μA/mM/cm2) over the applied lower potential of +0.26 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), fast response (3 s) and broad linear range of (2-28) mM, coupled with a lower limit of detection (3.5 nM). The biosensing device gives better anti-interference ability with justifiable reproducibility, reusability (single electrode re-use 26 times in physiological buffer and 3 times in serum) and stability. Moreover, the real-time applicability of the sensor device was evaluated in human blood, serum and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibulla Imran
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
- Molecular Electronics Laboratory, Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, India
| | - Asrar Alam
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Venkataraman Dharuman
- Molecular Electronics Laboratory, Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, India
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (S.L.)
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15
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Yacouba A, Sissoko S, Saha OLFT, Haddad G, Dubourg G, Gouriet F, Alou MT, Alibar S, Million M, Lagier JC, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Fournier PE, Lo CI. Description of Acinetobacter ihumii sp. nov., Microbacterium ihumii sp. nov., and Gulosibacter massiliensis sp. nov., three new bacteria isolated from human blood. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6572836. [PMID: 35460225 PMCID: PMC9126734 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is precious tissue that is normally sterile. With the aim of diagnosing the cause
of bacteremia, three bacterial strains were isolated from three different individuals.
Strains Marseille-P7157T and Marseille-Q2854T are Gram-stain
positive, non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria, while strain Marseille-P8049T
is a Gram-stain negative, motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. The major
fatty acids found (>30%) were hexadecanoic acid for strain Marseille-P8049T
and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid for both strains Marseille-P7157T and
Marseille-Q2854T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis shows that strains
Marseille-P8049 and Marseille-Q2854T have sequence similarity of 96.8%, 99.04%,
and 98.3% with Acinetobacter ursingii strain LUH3792 (NR_025392.1),
Gulosibacter faecalis strain B187 (NR_041812.1), and Schaalia
canis strain CCUG 41706 (NR_025366.1), respectively. In addition, strains
Marseille-Q2854T, Marseille-P8049T and Marseille-P7157T
shared with their closely related species cited above the following DDH values: 19.5%,
24.4%, and 20.2%, respectively. Based on these phenotypic and genomic findings, we
consider that strains Marseille-P8049T (= CSUR P8049 = CECT 30350),
Marseille-P2854T ( = CSUR Q2854 = CECT 30120) and Marseille-P7157T
( = CSUR P7157 = CECT 30048) are new bacterial species, for which the names
Acinetobacter ihumii sp. nov., Microbacterium ihumii
sp. nov., and Gulosibacter massiliensis sp. nov., are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdourahamane Yacouba
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger
| | - Sibiri Sissoko
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Gabriel Haddad
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Dubourg
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Gouriet
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Alibar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Ibrahima Lo
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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16
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Gaio V, Lima T, Vilanova M, Cerca N, França A. mazEF Homologue Has a Minor Role in Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457 Virulence Potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:803134. [PMID: 35096651 PMCID: PMC8792614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.803134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cells are characterized by increased antimicrobial tolerance and improved ability to evade host immune system defenses. These features are, in part, due to the presence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. A previous study identified genes potentially involved in VBNC cells formation in S. epidermidis biofilms, among which SERP1682/1681 raised special interest due to their putative role as a toxin–antitoxin system of the mazEF family. Herein, we constructed an S. epidermidis mutant lacking the mazEF genes homologues and determined their role in (i) VBNC state induction during biofilm formation, (ii) antimicrobial susceptibility, (iii) survival in human blood and plasma, and (iv) activation of immune cells. Our results revealed that mazEF homologue did not affect the proportion of VBNC cells in S. epidermidis 1457, refuting the previous hypothesis that mazEF homologue could be linked with the emergence of VBNC cells in S. epidermidis biofilms. Additionally, mazEF homologue did not seem to influence key virulence factors on this strain, since its deletion did not significantly affect the mutant biofilm formation capacity, antimicrobial tolerance or the response by immune cells. Surprisingly, our data suggest that mazEF does not behave as a toxin–antitoxin system in S. epidermidis strain 1457, since no decrease in the viability and culturability of bacteria was found when only the mazF toxin homologue was being expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Gaio
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tânia Lima
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Angela França
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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17
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Khuda N, Somasundaram S, Easley CJ. Electrochemical Sensing of the Peptide Drug Exendin-4 Using a Versatile Nucleic Acid Nanostructure. ACS Sens 2022; 7:784-789. [PMID: 35180342 PMCID: PMC8985241 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although endogenous peptides and peptide-based therapeutics are both highly relevant to human health, there are few approaches for sensitive biosensing of this class of molecules with minimized workflow. In this work, we have further expanded on the generalizability of our recently developed DNA nanostructure architecture by applying it to electrochemical (EC) peptide quantification. While DNA-small molecule conjugates were used in a prior work to make sensors for small molecule and protein analytes, here DNA-peptide conjugates were incorporated into the nanostructure at the electrode surfaces, and antibody displacement permitted rapid peptide sensing. Interestingly, multivalent DNA-peptide conjugates were found to be detrimental to the assay readout, yet these effects could be minimized by solution-phase bioconjugation. The final biosensor was validated for quantifying exendin-4 (4.2 kDa)─a human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist important in diabetes therapy─for the first time using EC methods with minimal workflow. The sensor was functional in 98% human serum, and the low nanomolar assay range lies between the injected dose concentration and the therapeutic range, boding well for future applications in therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Shabalina AV, Sharko DO, Glazyrin YE, Bolshevich EA, Dubinina OV, Kim AM, Veprintsev DV, Lapin IN, Zamay GS, Krat AV, Zamay SS, Svetlichnyi VA, Kichkailo AS, Berezovski MV. Development of Electrochemical Aptasensor for Lung Cancer Diagnostics in Human Blood. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21237851. [PMID: 34883850 PMCID: PMC8659852 DOI: 10.3390/s21237851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation and characterization of an aptamer-based electrochemical sensor to lung cancer tumor markers in human blood. The highly reproducible aptamer sensing layer with a high density (up to 70% coverage) on the gold electrode was made. Electrochemical methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to study the stability of the aptamer layer structure and binding ability. A new blocking agent, a thiolated oligonucleotide with an unrelated sequence, was applied to fill the aptamer layer’s defects. Electrochemical aptasensor signal processing was enhanced using deep learning and computer simulation of the experimental data array. It was found that the combinations (coupled and tripled) of cyclic voltammogram features allowed for distinguishing between the samples from lung cancer patients and healthy candidates with a mean accuracy of 0.73. The capacitive component from the non-Faradic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data indicated the tumor marker’s presence in a sample. These findings allowed for the creation of highly informative aptasensors for early lung cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia V. Shabalina
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Darya O. Sharko
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Yury E. Glazyrin
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (Y.E.G.); (D.V.V.); (G.S.Z.); (S.S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Bolshevich
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Oksana V. Dubinina
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Anastasiia M. Kim
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Dmitry V. Veprintsev
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (Y.E.G.); (D.V.V.); (G.S.Z.); (S.S.Z.)
| | - Ivan N. Lapin
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Galina S. Zamay
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (Y.E.G.); (D.V.V.); (G.S.Z.); (S.S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Krat
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named after A.I. Kryzhanovsky, 660133 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Zamay
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (Y.E.G.); (D.V.V.); (G.S.Z.); (S.S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Valery A. Svetlichnyi
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (D.O.S.); (E.A.B.); (O.V.D.); (A.M.K.); (I.N.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Anna S. Kichkailo
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (Y.E.G.); (D.V.V.); (G.S.Z.); (S.S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Maxim V. Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, AB K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (M.V.B.)
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Hou M, Shi Y, Cai Y. [Determination of 16 organophosphate esters in human blood by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction]. Se Pu 2021; 39:69-76. [PMID: 34227360 PMCID: PMC9274832 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in human body fluids is important for understanding human internal exposure to OPEs and for assessing related health risks. Most of the current studies have focused on the determination of OPE metabolites in human urine, as OPEs are readily metabolized into their diester or hydroxylated forms in the human body. However, given the existence of one metabolite across multiple OPEs or multiple metabolites of one OPE, as well as the low metabolic rates of several OPEs in in vitro studies, the reliability of urinary OPE metabolites as biomarkers for specific OPEs is needs to be treated with caution.Human blood is a matrix that is in contact with all body organs and tissues, and the blood levels of compounds may better represent the doses that reach target tissues. Currently, only a few studies have investigated the occurrence of OPEs in human blood by different analytical methods, and the variety of OPEs considered is limited. In this study, a method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 OPEs in human blood, and the extraction efficiency of the solid phase extraction (SPE) column for OPEs was verified. To human blood samples, 10 ng of an internal standard was added, followed by mixing and aging for 30 min. The samples were extracted three times with acetonitrile using a shaker, and then purified on ENVI-18 cartridges with acetonitrile containing 25% dichloromethane as the eluent. Finally, the OPEs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After optimization of the analytical column and mobile phases, the analytes were separated on a BEH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) by gradient elution using methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate in water as the mobile phase. Then, the analytes were ionized in electrospray ionization positive (ESI+) mode and detected in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mass spectral parameters, including the precursor ion, product ion, declustering potential, entrance potential, and collision cell exit potential, were optimized. The results were quantified by the internal standard method. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) of the OPEs were in the range of 0.0038-0.882 ng/mL. The calibration curves for the 16 OPEs showed good linear relationships in the range of 0.1-50 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were >0.995. The extraction efficiency of the ENVI-18 column for the 16 OPEs was validated, and the average recoveries of the target compounds were 54.6%-104%. The average recoveries (n=3) of 15 OPEs, except trimethyl phosphate (TMP), in whole blood at three spiked levels were in the range of 53.1%-126%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.15%-12.6%. The average recoveries of six internal standards were in the range of 66.8%-91.6% except for TMP-d9 (39.1%), with RSDs of 3.52%-6.85%. The average matrix effects of the OPEs in whole blood were 56.4%-103.0%. Significant matrix effects were found for resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) (75.8%±1.4%), trimethylphenyl phosphate (TMPP) (68.4%±1.0%), 2-ethylhexyl di-phenyl phosphate (EHDPP) (56.4%±12.4%), and bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BABP) (58.5%±0.4%). However, these effects could be corrected by similar signal suppressions of the corresponding internal standard (TPHP-d15, 77.4%±7.5%). This method is simple, highly sensitive, and suitable for the determination of OPEs in human blood. Fifteen human whole blood samples were collected to quantify the 16 OPEs using the developed method. The total concentrations of the OPEs ranged from 1.50 to 7.99 ng/mL. The detection frequencies of eight OPEs were higher than 50%. Tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tri(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were the dominant OPEs, with median concentrations of 0.813, 0.764, and 0.690 ng/mL, respectively. These results indicated widespread human exposure to OPEs, which should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Cerig S, Geyikoglu F. Oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity induced by poly-d-glucosamine in human blood cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:43-55. [PMID: 34036758 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (CH; chitin) is the main component of the insect skeleton, fungal cell wall, and many crustaceans, including crab and shrimp. CH is the most abundant in nature after cellulose, and it has a complex and hardly soluble structure. Poly-d-glucosamine (CHO; chitosan) is a soluble derivative of CH produced by deacetylation used in many fields, including human health. This study carried out the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of CHO on human whole blood (hWB) and lymphocytes (LYMs) in dose ranges 6.25-2000 μg/mL, in vitro. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) analyzes were performed on plasma to appreciate oxidative stress. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were applied to understand the cytotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) methods were practiced to evaluate genotoxicity. 6.25-150 μg/mL doses increased TAC and decreased TOS. A decreasing and increasing curve from 200 to 2000 μg/mL on TAC and TOS values were determined, respectively. 0-250 μg/mL doses did not provide any cytotoxic data. However, 500-2000 μg/mL doses showed increasing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The study results showed that CHO does not pose a toxic risk to human health at low doses but may pose a threat at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Cerig
- First and Emergency Aid Program, Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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21
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Wang X, Liu H, Liao X, Qiao L, Zhu L, Wu S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Lin L, Ma J, Gu Q, Shu J. Dissecting the Roles of LncRNAs in the Development of Periventricular White Matter Damage. Front Genet 2021; 12:641526. [PMID: 33995480 PMCID: PMC8120246 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.641526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) has high expression in the brain. Animal studies have shown that lncRNA plays an important role in brain functions and mediates the development of many neurological diseases. However, data on the expression of lncRNAs and the clinical significance in prematurely born infants with diseases such as periventricular white matter damage (PWMD) remains scant. Here, we compared the expression of the lncRNAs in whole blood samples obtained from prematurely born infants with PWMD with samples from prematurely born infants without PWMD. Our data demonstrated differential expression of the lncRNAs between the two groups. Further, we showed that the lncRNAs play important roles in the development of PWMD. Our findings give insights into the functions of the lncRNAs in PWMD and provide evidence for the improvement of diagnostic and treatment strategies in infants with PWMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Institute of Clinical, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bangbang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianying Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Abstract
This mini-review gives a brief account of the emergence of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the second half of the 20th century and reports the continuous wave EPR spectroscopy studies on human and animal blood. The question posed by this review is whether the EPR spectroscopy in the form it appeared 70 years ago is still able to provide useful information about different pathological conditions in humans, particularly in the area of diagnosis.
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23
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Pérez-Rodas M, Pohmann R, Scheffler K, Heule R. Intravascular BOLD signal characterization of balanced SSFP experiments in human blood at high to ultrahigh fields. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2055-2068. [PMID: 33140871 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the intravascular contribution to the overall balanced SSFP (bSSFP) BOLD effect in human blood at high to ultrahigh field strengths (3 T, 9.4 T, and 14.1 T). METHODS Venous blood prepared at two different oxygenation levels (deoxygenated: Y ≈ 71%, oxygenated: Y ≈ 94%) was measured with phase-cycled bSSFP for varying TRs/flip angles at 3 T, 9.4 T, and 14.1 T. The oxygen sensitivity was analyzed by intrinsic MIRACLE (motion-insensitive rapid configuration relaxometry)-R2 estimation and passband signal differences. The intravascular BOLD-related signal change was extracted from the measured data for microvasculature and macrovasculature, and compared with the extravascular contribution obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS The MIRACLE-R2 values showed a characteristic increase with longer TRs in deoxygenated blood, corroborating that SE-R2 data cannot be used to assess the intravascular bSSFP BOLD effect. Passband bSSFP signal differences measured at optimal flip angles of 30° at 3 T and 20° at 9.4 T/14.1 T revealed considerable relative intravascular contributions of 95%/70% at 3 T, 74%/43% at 9.4 T, 66%/46% at 14.1 T for TR = 5 ms, and 90%/65% at 3 T, 36%/27% at 9.4 T, 13%/15% at 14.1 T for TR = 10 ms in macrovascular/microvascular regimes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that intravascular effects have to be considered to better understand the origin of bSSFP BOLD contrast in functional MRI experiments, especially at short TRs. The MIRACLE-R2 method demonstrated the ability to quantify the apparent decrease in R2 due to rapid RF refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Pérez-Rodas
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rahel Heule
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sioen S, Cloet K, Vral A, Baeyens A. The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay on Human Isolated Fresh and Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030125. [PMID: 32937746 PMCID: PMC7564880 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standardized method used for genotoxicity studies. Conventional whole blood cultures (WBC) are often used for this assay, although the assay can also be performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. However, the standardization of a protocol for the PBMC CBMN assay has not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to optimize a reliable CBMN assay protocol for fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS), and to compare micronuclei (MNi) results between WBC and PBMC cultures. The G0 CBMN assay was performed on whole blood, freshly isolated, and cryopreserved PBMCS from healthy human blood samples and five radiosensitive patient samples. Cells were exposed to 220 kV X-ray in vitro doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 Gy. The optimized PBMC CBMN assay showed adequate repeatability and small inter-individual variability. MNi values were significantly higher for WBC than for fresh PBMCS. Additionally, cryopreservation of PBMCS resulted in a significant increase of MNi values, while different cryopreservation times had no significant impact. In conclusion, our standardized CBMN assay on fresh and cryopreserved PBMCS can be used for genotoxicity studies, biological dosimetry, and radiosensitivity assessment.
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Karpiński R, Szabelski J, Maksymiuk J. Effect of Physiological Fluids Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Acrylate Bone Cement. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3963. [PMID: 31795371 PMCID: PMC6926979 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses the degradation rate of selected mechanical properties of bone cement contaminated with human blood and saline solution. During the polymerisation stage, the PMMA cement specimens were supplemented with the selected physiological fluids in a range of concentrations from 0% to 10%. The samples were then subjected to the standardised compression tests, as per ISO 5833: 2002, and hardness tests. The obtained results were analysed statistically to display the difference in the degradation of the material relative to the degree of contamination. Subsequently, numerical modelling was employed to determine the mathematical relationship between the degree of contamination and the material strength degradation rate. The introduction of various concentrations of contaminants into the cement mass resulted in a statistically significant change in their compressive strength. It was shown that the addition of more than 4% of saline and more than 6% of blood (by weight) causes that the specimens exhibit lower strength than the minimum critical value of 70 MPa, specified in the abovementioned International Standard. It was further revealed that the cement hardness characteristics degraded accordingly. The mathematical models showed a very good fit with the results from the experiments: The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.987 in the case of the linear hardness model for blood and 0.983 for salt solution; secondly, the values of R2 for the third-degree polynomial model of compressive strength were 0.88 for blood and 0.92 for salt. From the results, it can be seen that there is a quantitative/qualitative relationship between the contamination rate and the drop in the tested mechanical characteristics. Therefore, great effort must be taken to minimise the contact of the bone cement with physiological fluids, which naturally occur in the operative field, particularly when the material cures, in order to prevent the cement material strength declining below the minimum threshold specified in the ISO standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karpiński
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Szabelski
- Section of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Maksymiuk
- Orthopaedic Department, Łęczna Hospital, Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland
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Khunoana S, Parani S, Oluwafemi OS, Ndinteh DT, Pillay K. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Crinum macowanii bulb extracts and the application of these materials in blood detections at crime scenes. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:187-195. [PMID: 31766074 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We here in report the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a Crinum macowanii bulb water extract. The as-synthesized AuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and a zeta potential-sizer. The results showed that the as-synthesized AuNPs were crystalline and mostly spherical in shape with a small mixture of triangular, tetrahedral, hexagonal, octagonal, and diamond shapes. The as-synthesized AuNPs together with those synthesized by conventional methods were subsequently used as enhancers for the luminol signal in blood detection. It was noted that the AuNPs synthesized from the Crinum macowanii bulb water extract could enhance the chemiluminescence signal for blood detection by luminol to the same extent as AuNPs prepared by conventional methods. Furthermore, both types of AuNPs served as fluorescence enhancers for blood detection when luminol was replaced with the bulb water extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewela Khunoana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Formerly known as Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, 2028 Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sundarajen Parani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Formerly known as Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, 2028 Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Formerly known as Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, 2028 Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Formerly known as Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, 2028 Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kriveshini Pillay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Formerly known as Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, 2028 Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Daniels JR, Cao Z, Maisha M, Schnackenberg LK, Sun J, Pence L, Schmitt TC, Kamlage B, Rogstad S, Beger RD, Yu LR. Stability of the Human Plasma Proteome to Pre-analytical Variability as Assessed by an Aptamer-Based Approach. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3661-3670. [PMID: 31442052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Variable processing and storage of whole blood and/or plasma are potential confounders in biomarker development and clinical assays. The goal of the study was to investigate how pre-analytical variables impact the human plasma proteome. Whole blood obtained from 16 apparently healthy individuals was collected in six EDTA tubes and processed randomly under six pre-analytical variable conditions including blood storage at 0 °C or RT for 6 h (B6h0C or B6hRT) before processing to plasma, plasma storage at 4 °C or RT for 24 h (P24h4C or P24hRT), low centrifugal force at 1300 × g, (Low×g), and immediate processing to plasma under 2500 × g (control) followed by plasma storage at -80 °C. An aptamer-based proteomic assay was performed to identify significantly changed proteins (fold change ≥1.2, P < 0.05, and false discovery rate < 0.05) relative to the control from a total of 1305 proteins assayed. Pre-analytical conditions Low×g and B6h0C resulted in the most plasma proteome changes with 200 and 148 proteins significantly changed, respectively. Only 36 proteins were changed under B6hRT. Conditions P24h4C and P24hRT yielded changes of 28 and 75 proteins, respectively. The complement system was activated in vitro under the conditions B6hRT, P24h4C, and P24hRT. The results suggest that particular pre-analytical variables should be controlled for clinical measurement of specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn R Daniels
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Mackean Maisha
- Division of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics , NCTR, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Laura K Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Lisa Pence
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Thomas C Schmitt
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | | | - Sarah Rogstad
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , FDA , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
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Pitt WG, Alizadeh M, Blanco R, Hunter AK, Bledsoe CG, McClellan DS, Wood ME, Wood RL, Ravsten TV, Hickey CL, Cameron Beard W, Stepan JR, Carter A, Husseini GA, Robison RA, Welling E, Torgesen RN, Anderson CM. Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2892. [PMID: 31425635 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of blood infections requires fast and efficient separation of bacteria from blood. We have developed spinning hollow disks that separate bacteria from blood cells via the differences in sedimentation velocities of these particles. Factors affecting separation included the spinning speed and duration, and disk size. These factors were varied in dozens of experiments for which the volume of separated plasma, and the concentration of bacteria and red blood cells (RBCs) in separated plasma were measured. Data were correlated by a parameter of characteristic sedimentation length, which is the distance that an idealized RBC would travel during the entire spin. Results show that characteristic sedimentation length of 20 to 25 mm produces an optimal separation and collection of bacteria in plasma. This corresponds to spinning a 12-cm-diameter disk at 3,000 rpm for 13 s. Following the spin, a careful deceleration preserves the separation of cells from plasma and provides a bacterial recovery of about 61 ± 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Pitt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mahsa Alizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Rae Blanco
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Alex K Hunter
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Colin G Bledsoe
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Madison E Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan L Wood
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Tanner V Ravsten
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Caroline L Hickey
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Jacob R Stepan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Alexandra Carter
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ghaleb A Husseini
- Chemical Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Evelyn Welling
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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29
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Kaewkhao K, Chotivanich K, Winterberg M, Day NP, Tarning J, Blessborn D. High sensitivity methods to quantify chloroquine and its metabolite in human blood samples using LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:333-47. [PMID: 30873854 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug used in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Three methods to quantify chloroquine and its metabolite in blood matrices were developed and validated. Methodology & results: Different high-throughput extraction techniques were used to recover the drugs from whole blood (50 μl), plasma (100 μl) and dried blood spots (15 μl as punched discs) followed by quantification with LC–MS/MS. The intra- and inter-batch precisions were below 15%, and thus meet regulatory acceptance criteria. Conclusion: The developed methods demonstrated satisfactory validation performance with high sensitivity and selectivity. The assays used simple and easy to automate extraction techniques. All methods were reliable with robust performance and demonstrated to be suitable to implement into high-throughput routine analysis of clinical pharmacokinetic samples.
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30
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Espenship MF, Silva LK, Smith MM, Capella KM, Reese CM, Rasio JP, Woodford AM, Geldner NB, deCastro BR, De Jesús VR, Blount BC. Nitromethane Exposure from Tobacco Smoke and Diet in the U.S. Population: NHANES, 2007-2012. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:2134-2140. [PMID: 30672285 PMCID: PMC6737526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitromethane is a known toxicant and suspected human carcinogen. Exposure to nitromethane in a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population in the United States ≥12 years old was assessed using 2007-2012 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Nitromethane was detected in all 8000 human blood samples collected, of which 6730 were used for analyses reported here. Sample-weighted median blood nitromethane was higher among exclusive combusted tobacco users (exclusive smokers; 774 ng/L) than nonusers of tobacco products (625 ng/L). In stratified sample-weighted regression analysis, smoking 0.5 pack of cigarettes per day was associated with a statistically significant increase in blood nitromethane by 150 ng/L, and secondhand smoke exposure (serum cotinine >0.05 ng/mL and <10 ng/mL) was statistically significant with a 31.1 ng/L increase in blood nitromethane. Certain dietary sources were associated with small but statistically significant increases in blood nitromethane. At median consumption levels, blood nitromethane was associated with an increase of 7.55 ng/L (meat/poultry), 9.32 ng/L (grain products), and 14.5 ng/L (vegetables). This is the first assessment of the magnitude and relative source apportionment of nitromethane exposure in the U.S. population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Espenship
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lalith K. Silva
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mitchell M. Smith
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Capella
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher M. Reese
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Rasio
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew M. Woodford
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan B. Geldner
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - B. Rey deCastro
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Víctor R. De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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31
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Radley G, Laura Pieper I, Thomas BR, Hawkins K, Thornton CA. Artificial shear stress effects on leukocytes at a biomaterial interface. Artif Organs 2019; 43:E139-E151. [PMID: 30537257 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medical devices, such as ventricular assist devices (VADs), introduce both foreign materials and artificial shear stress to the circulatory system. The effects these have on leukocytes and the immune response are not well understood. Understanding how these two elements combine to affect leukocytes may reveal why some patients are susceptible to recurrent device-related infections and provide insight into the development of pump thrombosis. Biomaterials-DLC: diamond-like carbon-coated stainless steel; Sap: single-crystal sapphire; and Ti: titanium alloy (Ti6 Al4 V) were attached to the parallel plates of a rheometer. Whole human blood was left between the two discs for 5 minutes at +37°C with or without the application of shear stress (0 s-1 or 1000 s-1 ). Blood was removed and used for complete blood cell counts, flow cytometry (leukocyte activation, cell death, microparticle generation, phagocytic ability, and reactive oxygen species [ROS] production), and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. L-selectin expression on monocytes was decreased when blood was exposed to the biomaterials both with and without shear. Applying shear stress to blood on a Sap and Ti surface led to activation of neutrophils shown as decreased L-selectin expression. Sap and Ti blunted the LPS-stimulated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production, most notably when sheared on Ti. The biomaterials used here have been shown to activate leukocytes in a static environment. The introduction of shear appears to exacerbate this activation. Interestingly, a widely accepted biocompatible material (Ti) utilized in many different types of devices has the capacity for immune cell activation and inhibition of MIF secretion when combined with shear stress. These findings contribute to our understanding of the contribution of biomaterials and shear stress to recurrent infections and vulnerability to sepsis in some VAD patients as well as pump thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Radley
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.,Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, UK
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32
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Parshukova D, Smirnova LP, Ermakov EA, Bokhan NA, Semke AV, Ivanova SA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation in schizophrenia: IgGs from sera of patients hydrolyze myelin basic protein. J Mol Recognit 2018; 32:e2759. [PMID: 30112774 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several different theories of schizophrenia (SCZ) were discussed; the causes of this disease are not yet clear. Using ELISA, it was shown that titers of autoantibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) in SCZ patients are ~1.8-fold higher than in healthy individuals but 5.0-fold lower than in patients with multiple sclerosis. Several rigid criteria were checked to show that the MBP-hydrolyzing activity is an intrinsic property of SCZ IgGs. Approximately 82% electrophoretically homogeneous SCZ IgGs purified using several affinity sorbents including Sepharose with immobilized MBP hydrolyze specifically only MBP but not many other tested proteins. The average relative activity of IgGs from patients with negative symptoms was 2.5-fold higher than that of patients with positive symptoms of SCZ, and it increases with the duration of this pathology. It was shown that abzymes are the earliest statistically significant markers of many autoimmune pathologies. Our findings surmise that the immune systems of individual SCZ patients can generate a variety of anti-MBP abzymes with different catalytic properties, which can attack MBP of the myelin-proteolipid shell of axons. Therefore, autoimmune processes together with other mechanisms can play an important role in SCZ pathogenesis. MBP-hydrolyzing antibodies were previously detected in the blood of 80% to 90% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, some similar neuropsychiatric indicators of disease common to SLE, MS, and SCZ were described in the literature. Thus, the destruction of the myelin sheath and the production of MBP-hydrolyzing antibodies can be a common phenomenon for some different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Parshukova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila P Smirnova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arkadiy V Semke
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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33
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Sun H, Zhou X, Wu H, Wu S, Luo R. Determination of Hepatoma-Associated DL-Amino Acids Enantiomers by RP-HPLC with Fluorescence Detector: Application in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:490-495. [PMID: 30143491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are increasingly being recognized as important signaling molecules in the pathogenesis of many diseases. We aim to establish a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC-FLD) method for determination and quantification of hepatoma-associated DL-amino acids and to explore the relationship between amino acid concentrations and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this work, O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine (NAC) served as the pre-column derivatization reagents which significantly shortened the detection time and improved the detection sensitivity. Chromatographic determination was achieved using a programmed gradient elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluted solution was monitored by a fluorescence detector with an excitation wavelength at 350 nm and an emission wavelength at 450 nm. Under the optimum conditions, an excellent quantification of DL-threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine and phenylalanine was achieved. RESULTS Total analysis time was shortened to less than 25 min for one plasma sample and the linearity, recovery, intra- and inter-day precision were all meet the detection requirements of the DL-amino acids enantiomers in human plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS The developed method demonstrates that DL-threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine obtained from HCC patients' plasma samples have a close relationship with HCC. The method would be a potentially alternative tool for DL-amino acids detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Sun
- Medical Examination Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoyan Wu
- Medical Examination Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Medical Examination Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Qiao Z, Xiang P, Shen B, Shen M, Yan H. Simultaneous Determination of 13 Anticoagulant Rodenticidesin Human Blood by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its Application in Three Poisoning Cases. J Forensic Sci 2018; 63:784-792. [PMID: 29723420 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for rodent control around the world. A rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 anticoagulant rodenticides (coumafuryl, pindone, valone, warfarin, coumatetralyl, coumachlor, diphacinone, dicumarol, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and brodifacoum) in human blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After liquid-liquid extraction, the anticoagulant rodenticides were separated on an Eclipse Plus C18 column. Linearities were observed for each analyte in blood ranging from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The intraday and interday precisions were <15%, and accuracies ranged from 80.3% to 111.0%. This validated method with high sensitivity has been applied in three anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning cases and has been used successfully in monitoring blood concentrations for months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Baohua Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
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35
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Mazaleuskaya LL, Salamatipour A, Sarantopoulou D, Weng L, FitzGerald GA, Blair IA, Mesaros C. Analysis of HETEs in human whole blood by chiral UHPLC-ECAPCI/HRMS. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:564-575. [PMID: 29301865 PMCID: PMC5832923 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d081414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of eicosanoids occurs enzymatically via lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450, or through nonenzymatic free radical reactions. The enzymatic routes are highly enantiospecific. Chiral separation and high-sensitivity detection methods are required to differentiate and quantify enantioselective HETEs in complex biological fluids. We report here a targeted chiral lipidomics analysis of human blood using ultra-HPLC-electron capture (EC) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/high-resolution MS. Monitoring the high-resolution ions formed by the fragmentation of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of oxidized lipids during the dissociative EC, followed by in-trap fragmentation, increased sensitivity by an order of magnitude when compared with the unit resolution MS. The 12(S)-HETE, 12(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoic acid [12(S)-HHT], and 15(S)-HETE were the major hydroxylated nonesterified chiral lipids in serum. Stimulation of whole blood with zymosan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in stimulus- and time-dependent effects. An acute exposure to zymosan induced ∼80% of the chiral plasma lipids, including 12(S)-HHT, 5(S)-HETE, 15(R)-HETE, and 15(S)-HETE, while a maximum response to LPS was achieved after a long-term stimulation. The reported method allows for a rapid quantification with high sensitivity and specificity of enantiospecific responses to in vitro stimulation or coagulation of human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila L Mazaleuskaya
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Ashkan Salamatipour
- Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Liwei Weng
- Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Ian A Blair
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160.,Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 .,Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
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36
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Stefanelli F, Pesci FG, Giusiani M, Chericoni S. A novel fast method for aqueous derivatization of THC, OH-THC and THC-COOH in human whole blood and urine samples for routine forensic analyses. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32. [PMID: 29135039 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel aqueous in situ derivatization procedure with propyl chloroformate (PCF) for the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (OH-THC) and 11-nor-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) in human blood and urine is proposed. Unlike current methods based on the silylating agent [N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide] added in an anhydrous environment, this new proposed method allows the addition of the derivatizing agent (propyl chloroformate, PCF) directly to the deproteinized blood and recovery of the derivatives by liquid-liquid extraction. This novel method can be also used for hydrolyzed urine samples. It is faster than the traditional method involving a derivatization with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. The analytes are separated, detected and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The method was validated in terms of selectivity, capacity of identification, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), carryover, linearity, intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ in hydrolyzed urine were 0.5 and 1.3 ng/mL for THC and 1.2 and 2.6 ng/mL for THC-COOH, respectively. In blood, the LOD and LOQ were 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL for THC, 0.2 and 0.6 ng/mL for OH-THC, and 0.9 and 2.4 ng/mL for THC-COOH, respectively. This method was applied to 35 urine samples and 50 blood samples resulting to be equivalent to the previously used ones with the advantage of a simpler method and faster sample processing time. We believe that this method will be a more convenient option for the routine analysis of cannabinoids in toxicological and forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stefanelli
- Department of 'Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica', Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Giorgia Pesci
- Department of 'Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica', Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Giusiani
- Department of 'Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica', Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvio Chericoni
- Department of 'Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica', Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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37
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Labay LM, Catanese CA. Illicit Drug Delivery Via Administration of Human Blood. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:644-647. [PMID: 28580580 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological, psychological, and social consequences associated with illicit drug use are well documented. In addition to the effects directly related to the drug(s), the delivery mechanism can precipitate other serious health conditions. A case is reported where an individual stopped by law enforcement was discovered to be in possession of a vial containing a red-colored fluid, which the person stated was blood and contained fentanyl. Analysis by headspace GC, ELISA, and LC-TOF/MS screening in with mass spectral confirmation revealed the presence of several substances, including ethanol, methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine, morphine, alprazolam, delta-9 THC, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norpseudoephedrine; serology testing verified the fluid was consistent with human blood. Methamphetamine was present at a dosage form amount (11 mg). The purpose of this study was to detail the analytical findings, interpret their meaning, and discuss the public health concerns associated with the drug delivery by the administration of human blood.
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38
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Niederstebruch N, Sixt D, Benda BI, Banboye N. A suitable blood agar containing human blood especially for the use in laboratories of developing countries. J Infect Dev Ctries 2017; 11:399-406. [PMID: 30943176 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In developed countries, blood agar containing defibrinated sheep or horse blood is a standard tool for the isolation of bacteria from clinical samples. Several issues prevent blood agar containing animal blood from being used in many developing countries. However, the use of easily available human blood for blood agar is discouraged because of the common tenet that human blood in nutrient media results in poor bacterial isolation rates and hardly visible hemolysis or no hemolysis at all. We have developed a reconfigured and easily applicable composition for blood agar containing human blood and tested its usability with respect to hemolysis visibility and its characteristics in antibiograms with Streptococcus spp. METHODOLOGY Hemolysis tests were conducted with clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus mitis. In a second test series, clinical strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus mitis were tested with Mueller-Hinton agars containing defibrinated wether blood as well as with Mueller-Hinton agars containing citrated human blood to compare the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULTS The reconfigured blood agars containing 2.5% citrated human blood showed almost identical reactions to the standard blood agars used in the developed world. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, blood agars containing 2.5% citrated human blood were shown to be an acceptable alternative for the isolation of the above-mentioned bacteria as well as for use in antibiotic susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Sixt
- Globolab e.V. Laboratory, Assling, Germany.
| | - Benard Isah Benda
- Saint Joseph´s Hospital St. John of God Laboratory, Monrovia, Liberia.
| | - Nestor Banboye
- Hospital St. John of God Laboratory, Lunsar-Mabesseneh, Sierra Leone.
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Guha P, Das A, Dutta S, Chaudhuri TK. A rapid and efficient DNA extraction protocol from fresh and frozen human blood samples. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28233351 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different methods available for extraction of human genomic DNA suffer from one or more drawbacks including low yield, compromised quality, cost, time consumption, use of toxic organic solvents, and many more. Herein, we aimed to develop a method to extract DNA from 500 μL of fresh or frozen human blood. METHODS Five hundred microliters of fresh and frozen human blood samples were used for standardization of the extraction procedure. Absorbance at 260 and 280 nm, respectively, (A260 /A280 ) were estimated to check the quality and quantity of the extracted DNA sample. Qualitative assessment of the extracted DNA was checked by Polymerase Chain reaction and double digestion of the DNA sample. RESULTS Our protocol resulted in average yield of 22±2.97 μg and 20.5±3.97 μg from 500 μL of fresh and frozen blood, respectively, which were comparable to many reference protocols and kits. CONCLUSION Besides yielding bulk amount of DNA, our protocol is rapid, economical, and avoids toxic organic solvents such as Phenol. Due to unaffected quality, the DNA is suitable for downstream applications. The protocol may also be useful for pursuing basic molecular researches in laboratories having limited funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhraj Guha
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Avishek Das
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Somit Dutta
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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Nongrum S, Vaiphei ST, Keppen J, Ksoo M, Kashyap E, Sharan RN. Identification and Preliminary Validation of Radiation Response Protein(s) in Human Blood for a High-throughput Molecular Biodosimetry Technology for the Future. Genome Integr 2017; 8:5. [PMID: 28250912 PMCID: PMC5320788 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of a rapid and high-throughput technology for radiation biodosimetry has been a great obstacle in our full preparedness to cope with large-scale radiological incidents. The existing cytogenetic technologies have limitations, primarily due to their time-consuming methodologies, which include a tissue culture step, and the time required for scoring. This has seriously undermined its application in a mass casualty scenario under radiological emergencies for timely triage and medical interventions. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics in the postgenomic era have opened up new platforms and avenues to discover molecular biomarkers for biodosimetry in the future. Using a genomic-to-proteomic approach, we have identified a basket of twenty “candidate” radiation response genes (RRGs) using DNA microarray and tools of bioinformatics immediately after ex vivo irradiation of freshly drawn whole blood of consenting and healthy human volunteers. The candidate RRGs have partially been validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR or qPCR) to identify potential “candidate” RRGs at mRNA level. Two potential RRGs, CDNK1A and ZNF440, have so far been identified as genes with potentials to form radiation response proteins in liquid biopsy of blood, which shall eventually form the basis of fluorescence- or ELISA-based quantitative immunoprobe assay for a high-throughput technology of molecular biodosimetry in the future. More work is continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibadaiahun Nongrum
- Present Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, St. Anthony's College, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Thangminlal Vaiphei
- Present Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joshua Keppen
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mandahakani Ksoo
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ettrika Kashyap
- Post-graduate Intern/Trainee from St. Anthony's College, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rajesh N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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França A, Pier GB, Vilanova M, Cerca N. Transcriptomic Analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm-Released Cells upon Interaction with Human Blood Circulating Immune Cells and Soluble Factors. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1143. [PMID: 27493645 PMCID: PMC4955375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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Abstract
Possible persistence of bacteria in human blood as cell wall deficient forms (L-forms) represents a top research priority for microbiologists. Application of live BCG vaccine and L-form transformation of vaccine strain may display a new intriguing aspect concerning the opportunity for occurrence of unpredictable colonization inside the human body by unusual microbial life forms. L-form cultures were isolated from 141 blood samples of people previously vaccinated with BCG, none with a history of exposure to tuberculosis. Innovative methodology to access the unusual L-form elements derived from human blood was developed. The methodology outlines the path of transformation of non- cultivable L-form element to cultivable bacteria and their adaptation for growth in vitro. All isolates showed typical L-forms growth features ("fried eggs" colonies and biofilm). Electron microscopy revealed morphology evidencing peculiar characteristics of bacterial L-form population (cell wall deficient polymorphic elements of variable shape and size). Regular detection of acid fast bacteria in smears of isolated blood L-form cultures, led us to start their identification by using specific Mycobactrium spp. genetic tests. Forty five of 97 genetically tested blood cultures provided specific positive signals for mycobacteria, confirmed by at least one of the 3 specific assays (16S rRNA PCR; IS6110 Real Time PCR and spoligotyping). In conclusion, the obtained genetic evidence suggests that these L-forms are of mycobacterial origin. As the investigated people had been vaccinated with BCG, we can assume that the identified mycobacterial L-forms may be produced by persisting live BCG vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Markova
- a Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ; Sofia , Bulgaria
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Liaquat S, Sarwar Y, Ali A, Haque A. Comparative growth analysis of capsulated (Vi+) and acapsulated (Vi-) Salmonella typhi isolates in human blood. EXCLI J 2015; 14:213-9. [PMID: 26417360 PMCID: PMC4553862 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human restricted pathogen. It biosynthesizes a virulence capsular polysaccharide named as Vi antigen. S. Typhi regulates expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of Vi antigen in response to osmolarity. Beside Vi-positive isolates, Vi-negative (acapsulated) isolates are also pathogenic. However, Vi-positive isolates are more prevalent. The present study was planned to investigate comparative growth of Vi-positive and Vi-negative S. Typhi isolates in an ex vivo human whole blood model. Four isolates of each type were tested for growth in human whole blood and in an enrichment medium (Tryptic soy broth-TSB) as a control. It was found that capsulated (Vi-positive) strains formed smooth circular colonies and grew with shorter lag and generation time than Vi-negative isolates. Overall growth pattern of S. Typhi isolates both in vitro and ex vivo conditions showed that Vi-positive isolates grew at a faster rate. Especially in human blood, the lag time of acapsulated isolates was almost doubled as compared to capsulated S. Typhi isolates. It was also observed that Vi-negative isolates reduced in number up to 81 % during the first 12 hours of incubation in human whole blood. Interestingly, both types of isolates had similar growth curve in TSB indicating that Vi capsule is dispensable for bacterial growth in vitro. This study shows for the first time that absence of capsular antigen retards the growth of Vi-negative isolates on initial contact with human blood, but with passage of time they adjust themselves according to the new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Liaquat
- Enteric Pathogen Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan affiliated with Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan ; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Enteric Pathogen Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan affiliated with Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Enteric Pathogen Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan affiliated with Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haque
- Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Human peripheral blood is often studied by flow cytometry in both the research and clinical laboratories. The methods for collection, storage, and preparation of peripheral blood will vary depending on the cell lineage to be examined as well as the type of assay to be performed. This unit presents protocols for collection of blood, separation of leukocytes from whole blood by lysis of erythrocytes, isolating mononuclear cells by density gradient separation, and assorted non-flow sorting methods, such as magnetic bead separations, for enriching specific cell populations, including monocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, prior to flow cytometric analysis. A protocol is also offered for cryopreservation of cells, since clinical research often involves retrospective flow cytometric analysis of samples stored over a period of months or years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Dagur
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Philip McCoy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Pian Y, Wang P, Liu P, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Wang H, Xu B, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Proteomics identification of novel fibrinogen-binding proteins of Streptococcus suis contributing to antiphagocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25789245 PMCID: PMC4349166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) induced sepsis and meningitis are often accompanied by bacteremia. However, the mechanism whereby it helps S. suis to evade PMN-mediated phagocytosis remain unclear. Because of the central roles of bacteria-human fibrinogen (hFg) interaction in innate immunity, here, a proteomics based Far-western blotting (PBFWB) was developed to identify the fibrinogen-binding surface proteins of S. suis (SsFBPs) on a large-scale. And then thirteen potential SsFBPs were identified by PBFWB and we selected seven potential surface proteins to further confirm their binding ability to hFg, of which the gene mutant strains of MRP displayed significantly decrease in binding to immobilized hFg. Additionally, the polyclonal antibodies against Enolase were found to significantly inhibit the binding of SS2 to hFg. Strikingly, MRP and Enolase were found to improve the antiphagocytic ability of SS2 to PMNs by interacting with hFg and enhance the survival of SS2 in human blood. Taken together, the PBFWB method provides useful clues to the bacteria-host interactions. These studies firstly disclose MRP and Enolase were involved in immune evasion of SS2 at least in part by binding to Fg, which make them potential targets for therapies for SS2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Pian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Pingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
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Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Kaur P, Sharma A, Aulakh RS. Evaluation of pesticide residues in human blood samples from Punjab (India). Vet World 2015; 8:66-71. [PMID: 27046999 PMCID: PMC4777814 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.66-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was undertaken to estimate the current status of residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphates (OPs) and synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) pesticides in human blood. Materials and Methods: Human blood samples were analyzed by gas chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode. Results: The gas chromatographic analysis of human blood samples collected from Punjab revealed the presence of p,p’-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), p,p’ dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), o,p’ DDE and β-endosulfan at mean levels of 15.26, 2.71, 5.62 and 4.02 ng/ml, respectively. p,p’ DDE residue was observed in 18.0% blood samples, and it contributes 55% of the total pesticide burden in human blood. The difference of total dichlorordiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) between different age groups of humans was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference of DDT and endosulfan between dietary habits, gender and spraying of pesticides was found statistically non-significant, however endosulfan residues were observed only in pesticide sprayer’s population. Conclusion: Occurrence of p,p’ DDE, p,p’ DDD, o,p’ DDE in human blood indicated restricted use of DDT. However, presence of endosulfan residues in occupationally exposed population is a matter of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J P S Gill
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - P Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - R S Aulakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Schmitt N, Bentebibel SE, Ueno H. Phenotype and functions of memory Tfh cells in human blood. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:436-42. [PMID: 24998903 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the origin and functions of human blood CXCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells found in human blood has changed dramatically in the past years. These cells are currently considered to represent a circulating memory compartment of T follicular helper (Tfh) lineage cells. Recent studies have shown that blood memory Tfh cells are composed of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets. Here, we review the current understanding of human blood memory Tfh cells and the subsets within this compartment. We present a strategy to define these subsets based on cell surface profiles. Finally, we discuss how increased understanding of the biology of blood memory Tfh cells may contribute insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the mode of action of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Schmitt
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA.
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Wen R, Lam BL, Guan Z. Aberrant dolichol chain lengths as biomarkers for retinitis pigmentosa caused by impaired dolichol biosynthesis. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3516-22. [PMID: 24078709 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed a characteristic shortening of plasma and urinary dolichols in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients carrying K42E and T206A mutations in the dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) gene, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dolichol-18 (D18) became the dominant dolichol species in patients instead of dolichol-19 (D19) in normal individuals. The D18/D19 ratio was calculated and used as an index of dolichol length distribution. K42E/K42E and K42E/T206A patients have significantly higher plasma and urinary D18/D19 ratios than K42E and T206A carriers. The ratios of carriers are significantly higher than normal individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that plasma and urinary D18/D19 ratios can unambiguously discriminate patients from carriers, and carriers from normal individuals. Dolichol analysis also provides evidence that the T206A mutation is RP-causative. The methodologies and procedures used for dolichol profiling are reliable, high throughput, and cost effective. Dolichol profiling, complementary to genotyping, can be readily adapted as a test in the clinic not only for the diagnosis of patients but also for identification of carriers with DHDDS or other genetic mutations that may impair dolichol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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Barbarin AM, Gebhardtsbauer R, Rajotte EG. Evaluation of Blood Regimen on the Survival of Cimex lectularius L. Using Life Table Parameters. Insects 2013; 4:273-86. [PMID: 26464390 DOI: 10.3390/insects4020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of bed bug development under varying conditions can lead to more sophisticated management techniques. Development rate, age and stage-specific life tables were compared for a laboratory strain (HS) and field strain (ECL-05) of bed bug Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) reared on two blood regimens: human or rabbit blood. Harlan and ECL-05 bed bugs reared on human blood had a life expectancy of 207 and 208 days respectively from the egg stage. Egg to adult development of HS bed bugs reared on human blood (~35 days) was significantly longer than that of the ECL-05 strain (~33 days) in the third, fourth, and fifth instars. The HS and ECL-05 bed bugs reared on rabbit blood had a life expectancy of 149 and 174 days respectively. Egg to adult development time of HS on rabbit blood (~52 days) was significantly longer than ECL-05 (~37 days) in every instar, and HS total life span was significantly shorter compared to ECL-05. Developmental differences based on strain and blood regimen suggest rabbit blood is an inferior blood source for colony maintenance, and strain has variable effects on bed bug development. Findings suggest that blood regimen should strongly be considered in bed bug colony maintenance.
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Rylander C, Sandanger TM, Petrenya N, Konoplev A, Bojko E, Odland JØ. Indications of decreasing human PTS concentrations in North West Russia. Glob Health Action 2011; 4:GHA-4-8427. [PMID: 22043215 PMCID: PMC3203838 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v4i0.8427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Russian Arctic covers an enormous landmass with diverse environments. It inhabits more than 20 different ethnic groups, all of them with various living conditions and food traditions. Indigenous populations with a traditional way of living are exposed to a large number of anthropogenic pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic metals, mainly through the diet. Human monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals in the Russian Arctic has only been performed on irregular intervals over the past 15 years, thus, there is still a lack of baseline data from many ethnic groups and geographical regions. The aim of the current study was to investigate concentrations of POPs and toxic metals in three groups of indigenous people from the Russian Arctic. Plasma concentrations of POPs were measured in one of the locations (Nelmin-Nos) in 2001-2003 which gave the unique opportunity to compare concentrations over time in a small Russian arctic community. METHODS During 2009 and early 2010, 209 blood samples were collected from three different study sites in North West Russia; Nelmin-Nos, Izhma and Usinsk. The three study sites are geographically separated and the inhabitants are expected to have different dietary habits and living conditions. All blood samples were analyzed for POPs and toxic metals. RESULTS PCB 153 was present in highest concentrations of the 18 PCBs analyzed. p,p'-DDE and HCB were the two most dominating OC pesticides. Males had higher concentrations of PCB 138, 153 and 180 than women and age was a significant predictor of PCB 153, 180, HCB and p,p'-DDD. Males from Izhma had significantly higher concentrations of HCB than males from the other study sites and women from Usinsk had higher concentrations of p,p'-DDE. Parity was a significant predictor of p,p'-DDE. Hg and Pb concentrations increased with increasing age and males had significantly higher concentrations of Pb than women. The study group from Izhma had significantly higher concentrations of Cd when controlling for age and gender and the study group from Usinsk had higher concentrations of Se than the others. Compared to the results from Nelmin-Nos in 2001-2003, a clear decrease in p,p'-DDE concentrations for both women and men was observed. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates a significant reduction of several PTSs in human blood samples from North West Russia over the past 10 years.
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