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Malet K, Faure E, Adam D, Donner J, Liu L, Pilon SJ, Fraser R, Jorth P, Newman DK, Brochiero E, Rousseau S, Nguyen D. Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Airway Epithelium of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Tissues. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38324627 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1451oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) is the major bacterial pathogen colonizing the airways of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and causes chronic infections that persist despite antibiotic therapy. Intracellular bacteria may represent an unrecognized reservoir of bacteria that evades the immune system and antibiotic therapy. While the ability of P.a. to invade and survive within epithelial cells has been described in vitro in different epithelial cell models, evidence of this intracellular lifestyle in human lung tissues is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To detect and characterize intracellular P.a. in CF airway epithelium from human lung explant tissues. METHODS We sampled the lung explant tissues from CF patients undergoing lung transplantation and non-CF lung donor control. We analyzed lung tissue sections for the presence of intracellular P.a. by quantitative culture and microscopy, in parallel to histopathology and airway morphometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS P.a. was isolated from the lungs of 7 CF patients undergoing lung transplantation. Microscopic assessment revealed the presence of intracellular P.a. within airway epithelial cells in 3 out of the 7 patients analyzed, at a varying but low frequency. We observed those events occurring in lung regions with high bacterial burden. CONCLUSION This is the first study describing the presence of intracellular P.a. in CF lung tissues. While intracellular P.a. in airway epithelial cells are likely relatively rare events, our findings highlight the plausible occurrence of this intracellular bacterial reservoir in chronic CF infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malet
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- CHU de Lille, Service universitaire de maladies infectieuses, Lille, Nord, France
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Médecine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jannik Donner
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Guizhou University, 71206, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Pilon
- McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Department of Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Fraser
- McGill University Health Centre, 54473, Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Jorth
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 548288, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Caltech, 6469, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôtel Dieu, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- McGill University, Dept. of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, 5620, Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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Nwabufo CK, Hoque MT, Yip L, Khara M, Mubareka S, Pollanen MS, Bendayan R. SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates the expression of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in Vero E6 cells and membrane transporters in human lung tissues. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1124693. [PMID: 37180730 PMCID: PMC10172598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-mediated interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters (DMETs) in different tissues, especially lung, the main affected organ may limit the clinical efficacy and safety profile of promising COVID-19 drugs. Herein, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection could dysregulate the expression of 25 clinically relevant DMETs in Vero E6 cells and postmortem lung tissues from COVID-19 patients. Also, we assessed the role of 2 inflammatory and 4 regulatory proteins in modulating the dysregulation of DMETs in human lung tissues. We showed for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 at the mRNA level, as well as P-gp and MRP1 at the protein level, in Vero E6 cells and postmortem human lung tissues, respectively. We observed that at the cellular level, DMETs could potentially be dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammatory response and lung injury. We uncovered the pulmonary cellular localization of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6, as well as ENT1 and ENT2 in human lung tissues, and observed that the presence of inflammatory cells is the major driving force for the discrepancy in the localization of DMETs between COVID-19 and control human lung tissues. Because alveolar epithelial cells and lymphocytes are both sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection and localization of DMETs, we recommend further investigation of the pulmonary pharmacokinetic profile of current COVID-19 drug dosing regimen to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso K. Nwabufo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- OneDrug, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chukwunonso K. Nwabufo, ,
| | - Md. Tozammel Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maliha Khara
- Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S. Pollanen
- Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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