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Girimanchanaika SS, Dukanya D, Swamynayaka A, Govindachar DM, Madegowda M, Periyasamy G, Rangappa KS, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Investigation of NPB Analogs That Target Phosphorylation of BAD-Ser99 in Human Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011002. [PMID: 34681659 PMCID: PMC8540132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and development of a small molecule named NPB [3-{(4(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl}{2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl}-N-cyclopentylbenzamide], which specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser99 in human carcinoma cells has been previously reported. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and effect on cancer cell viability of NPB analogs, and the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies of an example compound (4r), which was grown via slow-solvent evaporation technique is reported. Screening for loss of viability in mammary carcinoma cells revealed that compounds such as 2[(4(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl][naphthalen-1-yl]methyl)phenol (4e), 5[(4(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl][2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)uran-2-carbaldehyde (4f), 3[(2-hydroxyphenyl][4(p-tolyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzaldehyde (4i), and NPB inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.90, 3.11, 7.68, and 6.5 µM, respectively. The loss of cell viability was enhanced by the NPB analogs synthesized by adding newer rings such as naphthalene and furan-2-carbaldehyde in place of N-cyclopentyl-benzamide of NPB. Furthermore, these compounds decreased Ser99 phosphorylation of hBAD. Additional in silico density functional theory calculations suggested possibilities for other analogs of NPB that may be more suitable for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy Savvemala Girimanchanaika
- Laboratory Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Ananda Swamynayaka
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ganga Periyasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, India; (D.M.G.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
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Abstract
N-Linked sugar chains of normal mammary gland, mammary carcinomas (primary lesion), and axillary lymph node metastases of mammary carcinomas were released from their membrane preparations by hydrazinolysis and their structures were analyzed. Fractionation using a Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA)-Sepharose column revealed that the metastasized carcinomas contain more than twice as much DSA-binding oligosaccharides as the normal gland, and the primary carcinomas contain an intermediate amount. These oligosaccharides were elucidated to have tri- and tetraantennary structures containing the GlcNAc beta 1-->6(GlcNAc beta 1-->2)Man group with and without N-acetyllactosamine repeating units. Lectin blot analysis of membrane glycoproteins and histochemical staining of tissues using biotinylated DSA indicated that these glycosylation changes predominantly occur in a limited number of glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 90, 160, and 210 kilodaltons, and mammary carcinomas are distinguishable from normal gland by their intense intracytoplasmic staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hiraizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tokyo
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