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Tseng CY, Wang WX, Douglas TR, Chou LYT. Engineering DNA Nanostructures to Manipulate Immune Receptor Signaling and Immune Cell Fates. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101844. [PMID: 34716686 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells sense, communicate, and logically integrate a multitude of environmental signals to make important cell-fate decisions and fulfill their effector functions. These processes are initiated and regulated by a diverse array of immune receptors and via their dynamic spatiotemporal organization upon ligand binding. Given the widespread relevance of the immune system to health and disease, there have been significant efforts toward understanding the biophysical principles governing immune receptor signaling and activation, as well as the development of biomaterials which exploit these principles for therapeutic immune engineering. Here, how advances in the field of DNA nanotechnology constitute a growing toolbox for further pursuit of these endeavors is discussed. Key cellular players involved in the induction of immunity against pathogens or diseased cells are first summarized. How the ability to design DNA nanostructures with custom shapes, dynamics, and with site-specific incorporation of diverse guests can be leveraged to manipulate the signaling pathways that regulate these processes is then presented. It is followed by highlighting emerging applications of DNA nanotechnology at the crossroads of immune engineering, such as in vitro reconstitution platforms, vaccines, and adjuvant delivery systems. Finally, outstanding questions that remain for further advancing immune-modulatory DNA nanodevices are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yi Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Wendy Xueyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Travis Robert Douglas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Leo Y. T. Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
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Im S, Jang D, Saravanakumar G, Lee J, Kang Y, Lee YM, Lee J, Doh J, Yang ZY, Jang MH, Kim WJ. Harnessing the Formation of Natural Killer-Tumor Cell Immunological Synapses for Enhanced Therapeutic Effect in Solid Tumors. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000020. [PMID: 32319126 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of an immunological synapse (IS) on recognition of a cancer cell is the main mechanism underlying the natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. Herein, an integrative strategy for cancer therapy against solid tumors is reported, in which alterations in the cleft of IS, following the secretion of acidic granular content, are utilized as a trigger for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. NK cells are decorated with the IS-environment-responsive micellar system to ensure the release of the payload when they attack cancer cells. Using this strategy, the immunological cytotoxic killing effect of NK cells against solid tumors is reinforced with the site-specific diffusion of chemotherapeutic agents. Harnessing the intrinsic mechanism for the recognition of abnormal cells and the tumor-homing effect of NK cells limit the adverse systemic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This approach may provide a pragmatic platform for the universal and effective utilization of IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gurusamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Halle S, Halle O, Förster R. Mechanisms and Dynamics of T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity In Vivo. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:432-443. [PMID: 28499492 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical in the elimination of infected or malignant cells and are emerging as a major therapeutic target. How CTLs recognize and kill harmful cells has been characterized in vitro but little is known about these processes in the living organism. Here we review recent insights into CTL-mediated killing with an emphasis on in vivo CTL biology. Specifically, we focus on the possible rate-limiting steps determining the efficiency of CTL-mediated killing. We also highlight the need for cell-based datasets that permit the quantification of CTL dynamics, including CTL location, migration, and killing rates. A better understanding of these factors is required to predict protective CD8 T cell immunity in vivo and to design optimized vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Olga Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alcover
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; U1221, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; U1221, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
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Abstract
In cells of the immune system, the secretion of extracellular vesicles is modulated through cellular activation. In particular, T cell activation is achieved through cell-cell contacts with antigen presenting cells and the consequent formation of a specialized signaling junction called the immunological synapse. Recent works on CD4 T cells have elucidated that cognate antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) engages two distinct exocytic events. The first involves the exocytic targeting of signaling molecules at the synaptic membrane and drives the functional architecture of the immunological synapse. The second enlists the extracellular secretion of the TCR itself, once the functional architecture of the immunological synapse is accomplished. HIV-1, a human lymphotropic virus, has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to co-opt CD4 T cell physiology. Notably, it has become apparent that HIV-1 intersects the regulated secretory system of CD4 T cells in order to bud from the plasma membrane of the infected cell and to promote bystander cell death. Here, I review the relevance of CD4 vesicle exocytosis to immune regulation and to HIV-1 pathogenesis and discuss their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência , Oeiras , Portugal ; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley E. Smythies
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John R. Smythies
- Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Abeyweera TP, Kaissar M, Huse M. Inhibitory receptor signaling destabilizes immunological synapse formation in primary NK cells. Front Immunol 2013; 4:410. [PMID: 24348477 PMCID: PMC3841721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon engagement of their cognate class I major histocompatibility complex ligands, receptors containing immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) transduce signals that block cytolytic and inflammatory responses. In this manner, ITIM-coupled receptors play a crucial role in maintaining natural killer (NK) cell tolerance toward normal, healthy tissue. A number of studies, mostly using immortalized NK cell lines, have demonstrated that ITIM signaling functions by disrupting the cytolytic immunological synapse formed between an NK cell and its target. However, more recent imaging experiments using primary NK cells have suggested that inhibitory receptor engagement does not antagonize contact formation, casting doubt on the hypothesis that ITIM signals destabilize the synapse. To resolve this issue, we analyzed primary NK cell activation and contact formation on supported lipid bilayers containing controlled combinations of activating and inhibitory ligands. Under these conditions, we observed that ITIM signaling clearly inhibited adhesion, cell arrest, and calcium influx, three hallmarks of synapse formation. These results are consistent with previous reports showing that inhibitory receptors deliver a “reverse stop” signal, and confirm that ITIM signaling functions at least in part by destabilizing cytolytic synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly Kaissar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
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