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Nandini P, Jakka P, Murugan S, Mazumdar V, Kumar D, Prakash R, Barbuddhe SB, Radhakrishnan G. Immuno-profiling of Brucella proteins for developing improved vaccines and DIVA capable serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253349. [PMID: 37860136 PMCID: PMC10582347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains a worldwide zoonotic disease with a serious impact on public health and livestock productivity. Controlling brucellosis in livestock is crucial for limiting human infections in the absence of effective human vaccines. Brucellosis control measures are majorly dependent on rigorous monitoring of disease outbreaks and mass vaccination of livestock. Live attenuated vaccines are available for livestock vaccination that play a vital role in brucellosis control programs in many countries. Even though the existing animal vaccines confer protection against brucellosis, they carry some drawbacks, including their infectivity to humans and interference with sero-monitoring. The available serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis depend on detecting anti-LPS antibodies in the serum. Since diagnosis plays a vital role in controlling brucellosis, developing improved serodiagnostic assays with enhanced specificity, sensitivity and DIVA capability is required. Therefore, it is essential to identify novel antigens for developing improved vaccines and serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. In the present study, we performed a high throughput immunoprofiling of B. melitensis protein microarray using brucellosis-positive human and animal serum samples. The screening identified several serodominant proteins of Brucella that exhibited common or differential reactivity with sera from animals and humans. Subsequently, we cloned, expressed, and purified ten serodominant proteins, followed by analyzing their potential to develop next-generation vaccines and improved serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. Further, we demonstrated the protective efficacy of one of the serodominant proteins against the B. melitensis challenge in mice. We found that the seroreactive protein, Dps (BMEI1980), strongly reacted with brucellosis-positive serum samples, but it did not react with sera from B. abortus S19-vaccinated cattle, indicating DIVA capability. A prototype lateral flow assay and indirect ELISA based on Dps protein exhibited high sensitivity, specificity, and DIVA capability. Thus, the present study identified promising candidates for developing improved vaccines and affordable, DIVA-capable serodiagnostic assays for animal and human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachita Nandini
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subathra Murugan
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Varadendra Mazumdar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Richa Prakash
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
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Vázquez-Maldonado N, Kelly HR, Leitner WW. Comprehensive immunoprofiling and systematic adjuvant comparisons for identifying suitable vaccine: Adjuvant pairings. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2223503. [PMID: 37341528 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2223503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines that enhance the host immune response to the vaccine antigen, however, only a small number of adjuvants are used in vaccines approved for human use. This is in part due to the slow process of novel adjuvants advancing from preclinical models to human studies, and modest mechanistic insights obtained using standard immunological methods to justify selection of a particular adjuvant for clinical evaluation. Here, we discuss several aspects of current adjuvant research and strategies to better assess the complex pathways triggered by adjuvant candidates that can increase adjuvanticity and vaccine efficacy while minimizing reactogenicity. We propose a more systematic use of broad immunoprofiling, coupled with data integration using computational and mathematical modeling. This comprehensive evaluation of the host immune response will facilitate the selection of the most appropriate adjuvant for a vaccine, ultimately leading to the expeditious evaluation of novel adjuvants for vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, which will prove especially valuable during a pandemic where speed is of the essence when developing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vázquez-Maldonado
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Halonna R Kelly
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang W Leitner
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Luoma S, Sergeev P, Javarappa KK, Öhman TJ, Varjosalo M, Säily M, Anttila P, Sankelo M, Partanen A, Nihtinen A, Heckman CA, Silvennoinen R. Deep Immune Profiling of Multiple Myeloma at Diagnosis and under Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092604. [PMID: 37174069 PMCID: PMC10177338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment interacts with malignant cells and regulates cancer survival and immune evasion in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated the immune profiles of longitudinal bone marrow samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (n = 18) using cytometry by time-of-flight. The results before and during treatment were compared between patients with good (GR, n = 11) and bad (BR, n = 7) responses to lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone-based treatment. Before treatment, the GR group had a lower tumor cell burden and a higher number of T cells with a phenotype shifted toward CD8+ T cells expressing markers attributed to cytotoxicity (CD45RA and CD57), a higher abundance of CD8+ terminal effector cells, and a lower abundance of CD8+ naïve T cells. On natural killer (NK) cells, increased expression of CD56 (NCAM), CD57, and CD16 was seen at baseline in the GR group, indicating their maturation and cytotoxic potential. During lenalidomide-based treatment, the GR patients showed an increase in effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. These findings support distinct immune patterns in different clinical contexts, suggesting that deep immune profiling could be used for treatment guidance and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Luoma
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Sergeev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal Kumar Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina J Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Säily
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Sankelo
- Hematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Partanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Nihtinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, North Carelia Central Hospital, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Wu CJ, Liaw GW, Chen CK, Ouyang CH, Yang YX, Chu LC, Hsiao YC, Liu CH, Hsieh WC, Wang CY, Liou YS, Liu CC, Hsieh CH. Immunoprofiling of Equine Plasma against Deinagkistrodon acutus in Taiwan: Key to Understanding Differential Neutralization Potency in Immunized Horses. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8. [PMID: 36668958 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a public health issue linked to high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Although antivenom has been the mainstay treatment for envenomed victims receiving medical care, the diverse therapeutic efficacy of the produced antivenom is a major limitation. Deinagkistrodon acutus is a venomous snake that poses significant concern of risks to human life in Taiwan, and successful production of antivenom against D. acutus envenoming remains a considerable challenge. Among groups of horses subjected to immunization schedules, few or none subsequently meet the quality required for further scale-up harvesting. The determinants underlying the variable immune responses of horses to D. acutus venom are currently unknown. In this study, we assessed the immunoprofiles of high-potency and low-potency horse plasma against D. acutus venom and explored the conspicuous differences between these two groups. Based on the results of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), acutolysin A was identified as the major component of venom proteins that immunoreacted differentially with the two plasma samples. Our findings indicate underlying differences in antivenoms with variable neutralization efficacies, and may provide valuable insights for improvement of antivenom production in the future.
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Badia-Bringué G, Canive M, Alonso-Hearn M. Control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis load within infected bovine monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with host genetics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1042638. [PMID: 36911672 PMCID: PMC9992791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1042638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic loci influencing individual resistance to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection are still largely unknown. In the current study, we searched for genetic loci associated with resistance to MAP infection by evaluating the performance of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from the peripheral blood of 75 healthy Holsteins cows and infected ex vivo with MAP. Bacterial load (log colony-forming units, log CFUs) within MDMs was quantified at 2 h and 7 days p. i. using a BACTEC MGIT 960 instrument. In addition, the expression levels of some genes with important roles in the innate immune response including epiregulin (EREG), complement component C3 (C3), galectin-9 (Gal9), and nitric oxide (NO-) were measured in the supernatant of the infected cells. DNA from peripheral blood samples of the animals included in the study was isolated and genotyped with the EuroG MD bead Chip (44,779 single nucleotide-polymorphisms, SNPs). Linear mixed models were used to calculate the heritability (h2 ) estimates for each indicator of MDM performance, MAP load within MDMs and EREG, C3, Gal9, and NO-expression. After performing a genome-wide association study, the only phenotypes that showed SNPs with a significant association were the bacterial load within MDMs at 2 h (h2 = 0. 87) and 7 days (h2 = 0.83) p.i. A total of 6 SNPs, 5 candidate genes, and one microRNA on the Bos taurus chromosomes BTA2, BTA17, BTA18, and BTA21 were associated with MAP load at 2 h p.i. Overlap was seen in two SNPs associated with the log CFUs at 2 h and 7 d p.i. The identified SNPs had negative regression coefficients, and were, therefore, associated with a low bacterial load within MDMs. Some of the identified SNPs were located within QTLs previously associated with longevity, reproductive, and udder health traits. Some of the identified candidate genes; Oxysterol Binding Protein Like 6, Cysteine and Serine Rich Nuclear Protein 3, and the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 92 regulate cellular cholesterol trafficking and efflux, apoptosis, and interferon production, respectively. Taken together, our results define a heritable and distinct immunogenetic profile in MAP-infected macrophages designed to limit bacterial load early after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Canive
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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Schreibing F, Hannani MT, Kim H, Nagai JS, Ticconi F, Fewings E, Bleckwehl T, Begemann M, Torow N, Kuppe C, Kurth I, Kranz J, Frank D, Anslinger TM, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Enczmann J, Balz V, Windhofer F, Balfanz P, Kurts C, Marx G, Marx N, Dreher M, Schneider RK, Saez-Rodriguez J, Costa I, Hayat S, Kramann R. Dissecting CD8+ T cell pathology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection by single-cell immunoprofiling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066176. [PMID: 36591270 PMCID: PMC9800604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection results in varying disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe illness. A detailed understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to unravel the causative factors underlying differences in disease severity and to develop optimal vaccines against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods We combined single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing with CITE-seq antibodies to characterize the CD8+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection at high resolution and compared responses between mild and severe COVID-19. Results We observed increased CD8+ T cell exhaustion in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified a population of NK-like, terminally differentiated CD8+ effector T cells characterized by expression of FCGR3A (encoding CD16). Further characterization of NK-like CD8+ T cells revealed heterogeneity among CD16+ NK-like CD8+ T cells and profound differences in cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and NK-like differentiation between mild and severe disease conditions. Discussion We propose a model in which differences in the surrounding inflammatory milieu lead to crucial differences in NK-like differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells, ultimately resulting in the appearance of NK-like CD8+ T cell populations of different functionality and pathogenicity. Our in-depth characterization of the CD8+ T cell-mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a basis for further investigation of the importance of NK-like CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schreibing
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Medical Clinic II), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica T. Hannani
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - James S. Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabio Ticconi
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleanor Fewings
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tore Bleckwehl
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Medical Clinic II), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin Luther University (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Dario Frank
- Department of Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Teresa M. Anslinger
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Medical Clinic II), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Enczmann
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Windhofer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Balfanz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K. Schneider
- Institute of Cell and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Medical Clinic II), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Rafael Kramann,
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Lee JM, Hung YP, Chou KY, Lee CY, Lin SR, Tsai YH, Lai WY, Shao YY, Hsu C, Hsu CH, Chao Y. Artificial intelligence-based immunoprofiling serves as a potentially predictive biomarker of nivolumab treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1008855. [PMID: 36425096 PMCID: PMC9679144 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1008855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been applied in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) patients, but few patients exhibit stable and lasting responses. Moreover, identifying aHCC patients suitable for ICI treatment is still challenged. This study aimed to evaluate whether dissecting peripheral immune cell subsets by Mann-Whitney U test and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms could serve as predictive biomarkers of nivolumab treatment for aHCC. Disease control group carried significantly increased percentages of PD-L1+ monocytes, PD-L1+ CD8 T cells, PD-L1+ CD8 NKT cells, and decreased percentages of PD-L1+ CD8 NKT cells via Mann-Whitney U test. By recursive feature elimination method, five featured subsets (CD4 NKTreg, PD-1+ CD8 T cells, PD-1+ CD8 NKT cells, PD-L1+ CD8 T cells and PD-L1+ monocytes) were selected for AI training. The featured subsets were highly overlapping with ones identified via Mann-Whitney U test. Trained AI algorithms committed valuable AUC from 0.8417 to 0.875 to significantly separate disease control group from disease progression group, and SHAP value ranking also revealed PD-L1+ monocytes and PD-L1+ CD8 T cells exclusively and significantly contributed to this discrimination. In summary, the current study demonstrated that integrally analyzing immune cell profiling with AI algorithms could serve as predictive biomarkers of ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Mou Lee
- FullHope Biomedical Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hung
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yun Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Shao
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Andagalu B, Lu P, Onyango I, Bergmann-Leitner E, Wasuna R, Odhiambo G, Chebon-Bore LJ, Ingasia LA, Juma DW, Opot B, Cheruiyot A, Yeda R, Okudo C, Okoth R, Chemwor G, Campo J, Wallqvist A, Akala HM, Ochiel D, Ogutu B, Chaudhury S, Kamau E. Age-dependent antibody profiles to plasmodium antigens are differentially associated with two artemisinin combination therapy outcomes in high transmission setting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:991807. [PMID: 36314027 PMCID: PMC9606348 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.991807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of pre-existing immunity on the efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy is largely unknown. We performed in-depth profiling of serological responses in a therapeutic efficacy study [comparing artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL)] using a proteomic microarray. Responses to over 200 Plasmodium antigens were significantly associated with ASMQ treatment outcome but not AL. We used machine learning to develop predictive models of treatment outcome based on the immunoprofile data. The models predict treatment outcome for ASMQ with high (72–85%) accuracy, but could not predict treatment outcome for AL. This divergent treatment outcome suggests that humoral immunity may synergize with the longer mefloquine half-life to provide a prophylactic effect at 28–42 days post-treatment, which was further supported by simulated pharmacokinetic profiling. Our computational approach and modeling revealed the synergistic effect of pre-existing immunity in patients with drug combination that has an extended efficacy on providing long term treatment efficacy of ASMQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Andagalu
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Pinyi Lu
- Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irene Onyango
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Elke Bergmann-Leitner
- Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ruth Wasuna
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Odhiambo
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Lorna J. Chebon-Bore
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Luicer A. Ingasia
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dennis W. Juma
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Opot
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Agnes Cheruiyot
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Redemptah Yeda
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Charles Okudo
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Raphael Okoth
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Gladys Chemwor
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joseph Campo
- Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Daniel Ochiel
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States,Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Edwin Kamau, ,
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9
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Chuah S, Lee J, Song Y, Kim HD, Wasser M, Kaya NA, Bang K, Lee YJ, Jeon SH, Suthen S, A'Azman S, Gien G, Lim CJ, Chua C, Hazirah SN, Lee HK, Lim JQ, Lim TKH, Yeong J, Chen J, Shin EC, Albani S, Zhai W, Yoo C, Liu H, Choo SP, Tai D, Chew V. Uncoupling immune trajectories of response and adverse events from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:683-694. [PMID: 35430299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown promise in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is associated with modest response rates and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common. In this study, we aimed to decipher immune trajectories and mechanisms of response and/or irAEs in patients with HCC receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. METHODS Pre- and on-treatment peripheral blood samples (n = 60) obtained from 32 patients with HCC (Singapore cohort) were analysed by cytometry by time-of-flight and single-cell RNA sequencing, with flow cytometric validation in an independent Korean cohort (n = 29). Mechanistic validation was conducted by bulk RNA sequencing of 20 pre- and on-treatment tumour biopsies and using a murine HCC model treated with different immunotherapeutic combinations. RESULTS Single-cell analyses identified CXCR3+CD8+ effector memory T (TEM) cells and CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells (APC) as associated with response (p = 0.0004 and 0.0255, respectively), progression-free survival (p = 0.00079 and 0.0015, respectively), and irAEs (p = 0.0034 and 0.0125, respectively) in anti-PD-1-treated patients with HCC. Type-1 conventional dendritic cells were identified as the specific APC associated with response, while 2 immunosuppressive CD14+ myeloid clusters were linked to reduced irAEs. Further analyses of CXCR3+CD8+ TEM cells showed cell-cell interactions specific to response vs. irAEs, from which the anti-PD-1 and anti-TNFR2 combination was harnessed to uncouple these effects, resulting in enhanced response without increased irAEs in a murine HCC model. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies early predictors of clinical response to anti-PD-1 ICB in patients with HCC and offers mechanistic insights into the immune trajectories of these immune subsets at the interface between response and toxicity. We also propose a new combination immunotherapy for HCC to enhance response without exacerbating irAEs. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03695952. LAY SUMMARY Response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain modest and adverse events are common. Herein, we identified early predictors of response and gained an in-depth understanding of the immunological mechanisms behind response and adverse events in patients with HCC treated with ICB. We also proposed a new combination immunotherapy for HCC that enhances response without exacerbating adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chuah
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Joycelyn Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center (AMC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Wasser
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Neslihan A Kaya
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Kyunghye Bang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center (AMC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuck Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Suthen
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Shamirah A'Azman
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Gerald Gien
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Chun Jye Lim
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Camillus Chua
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Sharifah Nur Hazirah
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hong Kai Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A∗STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jia Qi Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital (SGH), Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital (SGH), Singapore 169856, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A∗STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100107, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center (AMC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Su Pin Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Curie Oncology, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, Singapore 329563, Singapore
| | - David Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.
| | - Valerie Chew
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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10
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Mensali N, Inderberg EM. Emerging Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1940. [PMID: 35454848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy has shown clinical benefits in several solid cancers; still, glioblastoma remains very challenging to treat. Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain cancer and displays great heterogeneity. The standard of care has remained the same for over fifteen years, and to overcome the therapeutic limitations, emerging immune correlates of therapy responses and improved prognosis should be further developed for a more personalized therapy approach and increased clinical responses. Abstract Immunotherapy has shown clinical benefits in several solid malignancies—in particular, melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, in other solid tumours such as glioblastoma (GBM), the response to immunotherapy has been more variable, and except for anti-PD-1 for patients with microsatellite instable (MSI)+ cancers, no immunotherapy is currently approved for GBM patients. GBM is the most common and most aggressive brain cancer with a very poor prognosis and a median overall survival of 15 months. A few prognostic biomarkers have been identified and are used to some extent, but apart from MSI, no biomarkers are used for patient stratification for treatments other than the standard of care, which was established 15 years ago. Around 25% of new treatments investigated in GBM are immunotherapies. Recent studies indicate that the use of integrated and validated immune correlates predicting the response and guiding treatments could improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM. In this review, we will give an overview of the current status of immunotherapy and biomarkers in use in GBM with the main challenges of treatment in this disease. We will also discuss emerging biomarkers that could be used in future immunotherapy strategies for patient stratification and potentially improved treatment efficacy.
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11
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Lee SW, Lee HY, Kang SW, Kim MJ, Lee YJ, Sung CO, Kim YM. Application of Immunoprofiling Using Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Staining Identifies the Prognosis of Patients with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179638. [PMID: 34502561 PMCID: PMC8431807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoprofiling has an established impact on the prognosis of several cancers; however, its role and definition in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are mostly unknown. This study is to investigate immunoprofiling which could be a prognostic factor in HGSOC. We produced tumor microarrays of 187 patients diagnosed with HGSOC. We performed a multiplexed immunofluorescence staining using Opal Multiplex IHC kit and quantitative analysis with Vectra-Inform system. The expression intensities of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD4, CD8, CD20, FoxP3, and CK in whole tumor tissues were evaluated. The enrolled patients showed general characteristics, mostly FIGO stage III/IV and responsive to chemotherapy. Each immune marker showed diverse positive densities, and each tumor sample represented its immune characteristics as an inflamed tumor or noninflamed tumor. No marker was associated with survival as a single one. Interestingly, high ratios of CD8 to FoxP3 and CD8 to PD-L1 were related to the favorable overall survival (77 vs. 39 months, 84 vs. 47 months, respectively), and CD8 to PD-L1 ratio was also a significant prognostic factor (HR 0.621, 95% CI 0.420-0.917, p = 0.017) along with well-known clinical prognostic factors. Additionally, CD8 to PD-L1 ratio was found to be higher in the chemosensitive group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, the relative expression levels of CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1 were significantly related to the clinical outcome of patients with HGSOC, which could be a kind of significant immunoprofiling of ovarian cancer patients to apply for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Wha Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (S.W.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Sung Wan Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (S.W.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Min Je Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (S.W.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Young-Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung 25440, Korea;
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
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12
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Park A, Park SJ, Jung KL, Kim SM, Kim EH, Kim YI, Foo SS, Kim S, Kim SG, Yu KM, Choi Y, Kim JY, Baek YH, Song MS, Kim SR, Kim SY, Jeong HW, Kim SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Molecular Signatures of Inflammatory Profile and B-Cell Function in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. mBio 2021; 12:e02583-20. [PMID: 33593977 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02583-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus [SFTSV]) induces an immunopathogenic disease with a high fatality rate; however, the mechanisms underlying its clinical manifestations are largely unknown. In this study, we applied targeted proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics to examine the differential immune landscape in SFTS patient blood. Serum immunoprofiling identified low-risk and high-risk clusters of SFTS patients based on inflammatory cytokine levels, which corresponded to disease severity. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SFTS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different infection stages showed pronounced expansion of B cells with alterations in B-cell subsets in fatal cases. Furthermore, plasma cells in which the interferon (IFN) pathway is downregulated were identified as the primary reservoir of SFTSV replication. This study identified not only the molecular signatures of serum inflammatory cytokines and B-cell lineage populations in SFTSV-induced fatalities but also plasma cells as the viral reservoir. Thus, this suggests that altered B-cell function is linked to lethality in SFTSV infections.
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13
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Busse A, Mochmann LH, Spenke C, Arsenic R, Briest F, Jöhrens K, Lammert H, Sipos B, Kühl AA, Wirtz R, Pavel M, Hummel M, Kaemmerer D, Baum RP, Grabowski P. Immunoprofiling in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Unveil Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3448. [PMID: 33228231 PMCID: PMC7699546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in a variety of tumors; however, in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), low response rates were reported. We aimed herein to investigate the tumor immune microenvironment in NET/NEC to determine whether checkpoint pathways like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) might play a role in immune escape and whether other escape mechanisms might need to be targeted to enable a functional antitumor response. Forty-eight NET and thirty NEC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mRNA immunoprofiling including digital spatial profiling. Through IHC, both NET/NEC showed stromal, but less intratumoral CD3+ T cell infiltration, although this was significantly higher in NEC compared to NET. Expression of PD1, PD-L1, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) on immune cells was low or nearly absent. mRNA immunoprofiling revealed low expression of IFNγ inducible genes in NET and NEC without any spatial heterogeneity. However, we observed an increased mRNA expression of chemokines, which attract myeloid cells in NET and NEC, and a high abundance of genes related to immunosuppressive myeloid cells and genes with immunosuppressive functions like CD47 and CD74. In conclusion, NET and NEC lack signs of an activation of the adaptive immune system, but rather show abundance of several immunosuppressive genes that represent potential targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Busse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (L.H.M.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (P.G.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liliana H. Mochmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (L.H.M.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Christiane Spenke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (L.H.M.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Ruza Arsenic
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute für histologische und zytologische Diagnostik AG Aarau, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Briest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (L.H.M.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hedwig Lammert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Private Practice of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH Berlin—Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Core Unit of the Charité, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ralph Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Oncology GmbH, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Marianne Pavel
- Department of Endocrinology, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
- Central Biobank, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99437 Bad Berka, Germany;
| | - Richard P. Baum
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt in der DKD HELIOS Klinik, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany;
| | - Patricia Grabowski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (L.H.M.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Liu JJ, Ho JY, Lee JE, Hur SY, Yoo J, Kim KR, Ryu D, Kim TM, Choi YJ. Genomic, transcriptomic, and viral integration profiles associated with recurrent/metastatic progression in high-risk human papillomavirus cervical carcinomas. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8243-8257. [PMID: 33017516 PMCID: PMC7643681 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of recurrent/metastatic potential by a tumor cell defines a critical step in malignant progression. However, understanding of metastatic progression at the molecular level is scarce for cervical carcinomas (CES). In this study, we performed genomic, transcriptomic, and viral profiling of five pairs of primary (CES‐P) and matched recurrent/metastatic tumors (CES‐R/M) with high risk human papillomavirus. Whole exome sequencing revealed mutation features of CES‐R/M including elevated mutation burdens and prevalent copy number alterations compared to their matched CES‐P. A relative deficit of APOBEC‐related mutation signatures accompanying the transcriptional downregulation of APOBEC3A was observed for CES‐R/M. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators were commonly observed as CES‐R/M‐specific alterations. Immunoprofiling and gene set analysis revealed CES‐Ps were enriched with transcripts representing activated anticancer immunity such as interferon‐gamma pathway, while CES‐R/M exhibited upregulation of genes involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Viral capture sequencing revealed that integration sites remained enriched in viral E1 protein domain during malignant progression. Moreover, we found transcriptional upregulation of POSTN and downregulation of APOBEC3A were associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in CES. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of a rare cohort including CES‐R/M identified metastases‐specific features to advance the molecular understanding into CES metastatic progression with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Bin Zhou Medical University, College of Medicine, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eum Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Yoo
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ryung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Ryu
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Vrana NE, Palm K, Lavalle P. Personalization of medical device interfaces: decreasing implant-related complications by modular coatings and immunoprofiling. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO607. [PMID: 32983566 PMCID: PMC7491009 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Engin Vrana
- Spartha Medical, 14B Rue de la Canardiere, 67100, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR1121 “Biomaterials & Bioengineering” 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kaia Palm
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- INSERM UMR1121 “Biomaterials & Bioengineering” 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Universite de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Porte de l'Hospital, 67000, France
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16
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Akgün K, Blankenburg J, Marggraf M, Haase R, Ziemssen T. Event-Driven Immunoprofiling Predicts Return of Disease Activity in Alemtuzumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32082320 PMCID: PMC7005935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alemtuzumab is a highly effective drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by specific patterns of depletion and repopulation. As an induction-like treatment concept, two mandatory infusion courses can inhibit long-term disease activity in the majority of patients, and additional courses can successfully manage subsequent re-emergence of disease activity. Currently, there are no biomarkers to identify patients with re-emergent disease activity requiring retreatment. Methods: In this study, we systematically characterized 16 MS patients commencing alemtuzumab. Clinical parameters, MRI and detailed immunoprofiling were conducted every 3 months for up to 84 months. Results: Alemtuzumab led to significant decrease in clinical disease activity in all evaluated patients. Nine out of 16 patients presented with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3 up to 84 months (“complete-responder”), while 7 patients demonstrated clinical or/and subclinical MRI disease activity and received alemutzumab retreatment (“partial-responder”). In both response categories, all T- and B-cell subsets were markedly depleted after alemtuzumab therapy. In particular, absolute numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells were markedly decreased and remained stable below baseline levels—this effect was particularly pronounced in complete-responders. While mean cell numbers did not differ significantly between groups, analysis of event-driven immunoprofiling demonstrated that absolute numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells showed a reproducible increase starting 6 months before relapse activity. This change appears to predict emergent disease activity when compared with stable disease. Conclusion: Studies with larger patient populations are needed to confirm that frequent immunoprofiling may assist in evaluating clinical decision-making of alemtuzumab retreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Blankenburg
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Marggraf
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rocco Haase
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Sottile R, Tannazi M, Johansson MH, Cristiani CM, Calabró L, Ventura V, Cutaia O, Chiarucci C, Covre A, Garofalo C, Pontén V, Tallerico R, Frumento P, Micke P, Maio M, Kärre K, Carbone E. NK- and T-cell subsets in malignant mesothelioma patients: Baseline pattern and changes in the context of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2238-2248. [PMID: 31018250 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options. Although the role of NK cells has been studied in many solid tumors, the pattern of NK-cell subsets and their recognition of mesothelioma cells remain to be explored. We used RNA expression data of MM biopsies derived from the cancer genome atlas to evaluate the immune cell infiltrates. We characterized the phenotype of circulating NK and T cells of 27 MM patients before and after treatment with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody (tremelimumab). These immune cell profiles were compared to healthy controls. The RNA expression data of the MM biopsies indicated the presence of NK cells in a subgroup of patients. We demonstrated that NK cells recognize MM cell lines and that IL-15 stimulation improved NK cell-mediated lysis in vitro. Using multivariate projection models, we found that MM patients had a perturbed ratio of CD56bright and CD56dim NK subsets and increased serum concentrations of the cytokines IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α. After tremelimumab treatment, the ratio between the CD56bright and CD56dim subsets shifted back towards physiological levels. Furthermore, the improved overall survival was correlated with low TIM-3+ CD8+ T-cell frequency, high DNAM-1+ CD56dim NK-cell frequency and high expression levels of NKp46 on the CD56dim NK cells before and after immune checkpoint blockade. Together, our observations suggest that NK cells infiltrate MM and that they can recognize and kill mesothelioma cells. The disease is associated with distinct lymphocytes patterns, some of which correlate with prognosis or are affected by treatment with tremelimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sottile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milad Tannazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maria H Johansson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luana Calabró
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ornella Cutaia
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Chiarucci
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Garofalo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Victor Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rossana Tallerico
- Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Frumento
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tumor Immunology and Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Albert-Vega C, Tawfik DM, Trouillet-Assant S, Vachot L, Mallet F, Textoris J. Immune Functional Assays, From Custom to Standardized Tests for Precision Medicine. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2367. [PMID: 30386334 PMCID: PMC6198655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is a dynamic system that maintains the integrity of the body, and more specifically fight against infections. However, an unbalanced host immune response is highlighted in many diseases. Exacerbated responses lead to autoimmune and allergic diseases, whereas, low or inefficient responses favor opportunistic infections and viral reactivations. Conflicting situations may also occur, such as in sepsis where inflammation and compensatory immunosuppression make it difficult to deploy the appropriate drug treatment. Until the current day, assessing the immune profile of patients remains a challenge. This is especially due to the inter-individual variability—a key feature of the immune system—which hinders precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic stratification. Our incapacity to practically interpret the host response may contribute to a high morbidity and mortality, such as the annual 6 million worldwide deaths in sepsis alone. Therefore, there is a high and increasing demand to assess patient immune function in routine clinical practice, currently met by Immune Functional Assays. Immune Functional Assays (IFA) hold a plethora of potentials that include the precise diagnosis of infections, as well as prediction of secondary and latent infections. Current available products are devoted to indirect pathogen detection such as Mycobacteria tuberculosis interferon gamma release assays (IGRA). In addition, identifying the status and the underlying factors of immune dysfunction (e.g., in septic patients) may guide immune targeted therapies. Tools to monitor and stratify the immune status are currently being studied but they still have many limitations such as technical standardization, biomarkers relevance, systematic interpretation and need to be simplified, in order to set the boundaries of “healthy,” “ill,” and “critically ill” responses. Thus, the design of new tools that give a comprehensive insight into the immune functionality, at the bedside, and in a timely manner represents a leap toward immunoprofiling of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Albert-Vega
- Joint Research Unit, Hospice Civils de Lyon, bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Dina M Tawfik
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department, bioMérieux S.A., Grenoble, France.,EA7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Joint Research Unit, Hospice Civils de Lyon, bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Benite, France.,Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Vachot
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department, bioMérieux S.A., Grenoble, France
| | - François Mallet
- Joint Research Unit, Hospice Civils de Lyon, bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Benite, France.,EA7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- EA7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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19
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Lutzky VP, Ratnatunga CN, Smith DJ, Kupz A, Doolan DL, Reid DW, Thomson RM, Bell SC, Miles JJ. Anomalies in T Cell Function Are Associated With Individuals at Risk of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1319. [PMID: 29942313 PMCID: PMC6004551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing global incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is of growing concern. New evidence of person-to-person transmission of multidrug-resistant NTM adds to the global concern. The reason why certain individuals are at risk of NTM infections is unknown. Using high definition flow cytometry, we studied the immune profiles of two groups that are at risk of Mycobacterium abscessus complex infection and matched controls. The first group was cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the second group was elderly individuals. CF individuals with active M. abscessus complex infection or a history of M. abscessus complex infection exhibited a unique surface T cell phenotype with a marked global deficiency in TNFα production during mitogen stimulation. Importantly, immune-based signatures were identified that appeared to predict at baseline the subset of CF individuals who were at risk of M. abscessus complex infection. In contrast, elderly individuals with M. abscessus complex infection exhibited a separate T cell phenotype underlined by the presence of exhaustion markers and dysregulation in type 1 cytokine release during mitogen stimulation. Collectively, these data suggest an association between T cell signatures and individuals at risk of M. abscessus complex infection, however, validation of these immune anomalies as robust biomarkers will require analysis on larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana P Lutzky
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Champa N Ratnatunga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - David W Reid
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel M Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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Akyüz N, Brandt A, Stein A, Schliffke S, Mährle T, Quidde J, Goekkurt E, Loges S, Haalck T, Ford CT, Asemissen AM, Thiele B, Radloff J, Thenhausen T, Krohn-Grimberghe A, Bokemeyer C, Binder M. T-cell diversification reflects antigen selection in the blood of patients on immune checkpoint inhibition and may be exploited as liquid biopsy biomarker. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2535-2544. [PMID: 27925177 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), shows encouraging results, but reliable biomarkers predicting response to this costly and potentially toxic treatment approach are still lacking. To explore an immune signature predictive for response, we performed liquid biopsy immunoprofiling in 18 cancer patients undergoing PD-1 inhibition before and shortly after initiation of treatment by multicolor flow cytometry and next-generation T- and B-cell immunosequencing (TCRß/IGH). Findings were correlated with clinical outcomes. We found almost complete saturation of surface PD-1 on all T-cell subsets after the first dose of the antibody. Both T- and B-cell compartments quantitatively expanded during treatment. These expansions were mainly driven by an increase in the activated T-cell compartments, as well as of naïve B- and plasma cells. Deep immunosequencing revealed a clear diversification pattern of the clonal T-cell space indicative of antigenic selection in 47% of patients, while the remaining patients showed stable repertoires. 43% of the patients with a diversification pattern showed disease control in response to the PD-1 inhibitor. No disease stabilizations were observed without clonal T-cell space diversification. Our data show for the first time a clear impact of PD-1 targeting not only on circulating T-cells, but also on B-lineage cells, shedding light on the complexity of the anti-tumor immune response. Liquid biopsy T-cell next-generation immunosequencing should be prospectively evaluated as part of a composite response prediction biomarker panel in the context of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Akyüz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brandt
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schliffke
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorben Mährle
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Quidde
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf (HOPE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haalck
- Department of Dermatology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Thomas Ford
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Marie Asemissen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thiele
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Radloff
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Artus Krohn-Grimberghe
- LYTIQ GmbH, Paderborn, Germany.,Analytische Informationssysteme und Business Intelligence, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Geva-Zatorsky N, Sefik E, Kua L, Pasman L, Tan TG, Ortiz-Lopez A, Yanortsang TB, Yang L, Jupp R, Mathis D, Benoist C, Kasper DL. Mining the Human Gut Microbiota for Immunomodulatory Organisms. Cell 2017; 168:928-943.e11. [PMID: 28215708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Within the human gut reside diverse microbes coexisting with the host in a mutually advantageous relationship. Evidence has revealed the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in shaping the immune system. To date, only a few of these microbes have been shown to modulate specific immune parameters. Herein, we broadly identify the immunomodulatory effects of phylogenetically diverse human gut microbes. We monocolonized mice with each of 53 individual bacterial species and systematically analyzed host immunologic adaptation to colonization. Most microbes exerted several specialized, complementary, and redundant transcriptional and immunomodulatory effects. Surprisingly, these were independent of microbial phylogeny. Microbial diversity in the gut ensures robustness of the microbiota's ability to generate a consistent immunomodulatory impact, serving as a highly important epigenetic system. This study provides a foundation for investigation of gut microbiota-host mutualism, highlighting key players that could identify important therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Geva-Zatorsky
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esen Sefik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay Kua
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lesley Pasman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tze Guan Tan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Ortiz-Lopez
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tsering Bakto Yanortsang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Yang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ray Jupp
- UCB Pharma, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Sims JS, Grinshpun B, Feng Y, Ung TH, Neira JA, Samanamud JL, Canoll P, Shen Y, Sims PA, Bruce JN. Diversity and divergence of the glioma-infiltrating T-cell receptor repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3529-37. [PMID: 27261081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601012113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune signaling has emerged as a defining feature of the glioma microenvironment, how the underlying structure of the glioma-infiltrating T-cell population differs from that of the blood from which it originates has been difficult to measure directly in patients. High-throughput sequencing of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires (TCRseq) provides a population-wide statistical description of how T cells respond to disease. We have defined immunophenotypes of whole repertoires based on TCRseq of the α- and β-chains from glioma tissue, nonneoplastic brain tissue, and peripheral blood from patients. Using information theory, we partitioned the diversity of these TCR repertoires into that from the distribution of VJ cassette combinations and diversity due to VJ-independent factors, such as selection due to antigen binding. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) possessed higher VJ-independent diversity than nonneoplastic tissue, stratifying patients according to tumor grade. We found that the VJ-independent components of tumor-associated repertoires diverge more from their corresponding peripheral repertoires than T-cell populations in nonneoplastic brain tissue, particularly for low-grade gliomas. Finally, we identified a "signature" set of TCRs whose use in peripheral blood is associated with patients exhibiting low TIL divergence and is depleted in patients with highly divergent TIL repertoires. This signature is detectable in peripheral blood, and therefore accessible noninvasively. We anticipate that these immunophenotypes will be foundational to monitoring and predicting response to antiglioma vaccines and immunotherapy.
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23
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Kulka J, Székely B, Lukács LV, Kiss O, Tőkés AM, Vincze E, Turányi E, Fillinger J, Hanzély Z, Arató G, Szendrői M, Győrffy B, Szász AM. Comparison of Predictive Immunohistochemical Marker Expression of Primary Breast Cancer and Paired Distant Metastasis using Surgical Material: A Practice-Based Study. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:256-67. [PMID: 27029768 PMCID: PMC4817733 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416639013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel studies of primary breast carcinomas and corresponding distant metastases samples reveal considerable differences. Our aim was to highlight this issue from another perspective and provide further data based on 98 patient samples: 69 primary breast carcinoma and 85 distant metastases from bone, central nervous system (CNS) and lung (56 paired). Two independent series of immunohistochemical reactions with different antibodies for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), along with HER2 fluroscence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on tissue microarrays to classify breast carcinoma and distant metastases samples into Luminal A, Luminal B-proliferating, Luminal B-HER2+, HER2+ and triple negative (TNBC) surrogate breast cancer groups. Correlation and agreement between the two assessments of ER and PgR were fair-to-moderate, and almost perfect for HER2 and Ki67. There was 40% discordance concerning immunophenotype between breast carcinomas and distant metastases. Most common metastatic site of ER+ breast carcinoma was the skeletal system (59.2%), whereas that of TNBCs was the CNS (58.8%) and lungs (23.5%). Distant metastases in bones were mostly luminal (54.3%), in the CNS, Luminal B (53.2%), and in the lung, TNBC (37.5%). The change of drugable properties of primary breast cancers in the respective bone and CNS metastases suggests that characterization of the metastasis is necessary for appropriate treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kulka
- Janina Kulka, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93 Ulloi ut, Budapest 1091, Hungary.
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24
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Lavotshkin S, Jalas JR, Torisu-Itakura H, Ozao-Choy J, Lee JH, Sim MS, Stojadinovic A, Wainberg Z, Bifulco CB, Fox BA, Bilchik AJ. Immunoprofiling for prognostic assessment of colon cancer: a novel complement to ultrastaging. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:999-1006. [PMID: 25808375 PMCID: PMC4720974 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although AJCC/TNM staging remains the gold standard for prognostic assessment of colon cancer, stage-specific outcomes vary. We therefore prospectively evaluated the prognostic role of immunoprofiling. METHODS Our cohort included 35 patients from an ongoing prospective trial of ultrastaging for colon cancer. Specimens were analyzed for T cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3). The number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was analyzed at the tumor's margin and center and correlated with AJCC/TNM stage, clinicopathologic variables, and disease-free survival. RESULTS There was a significant inverse association between number of CD3(+) cells in the tumor center and tumor stage (P = 0.05). The tumor center/margin ratio of CD3(+) cells also showed an inverse but non-significant relationship with nodal involvement (P = 0.07). Body mass index was inversely associated with numbers of CD3(+)(P = 0.04) and CD8(+)(P = 0.02) cells. Longer disease-free survival was correlated with higher CD8+ counts (P = 0.07), lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios (P = 0.008), and higher CD8(+)/FoxP3(+) ratios (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective validation of immunoprofiling in patients whose colon cancer is staged with strict surgical and pathology quality measures. The apparent correlation between immunophenotypic response and clinical outcome warrants evaluation in a larger prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lavotshkin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
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Wincewicz A, Kowalik A, Zięba S, Lewitowicz P, Góźdź S, Sulkowski S. α-Fetoprotein-Producing Hepatoid Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A Case Study With Molecular Profiling. Int J Surg Pathol 2015; 23:537-41. [PMID: 26009570 DOI: 10.1177/1066896915586807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with an ulcerated, advanced, hepatoid, and α-fetoprotein-producing poorly differentiated (G3) primary gastric adenocarcinoma pT3 N3a M1 with multinucleated cells and evident neuroendocrine component. This tumor was consistent with giant cell tumor type gastric carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs). The cancer was HER2 and E-cadherin negative, chromogranin A dispersedly and moderately positive, and strongly α-fetoprotein-positive with evident CK AE1/AE3 immunoreactivity, while OGCs expressed CD68. To provide an insight into the molecular background of this peculiar neoplasm, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to analyze the 50 most frequently mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We detected mutations in the primary tumor in the following genes: KIT, EGFR, PTEN, ATM, and RB1. In the liver metastasis, we revealed mutations in 3 genes: PIK3CA, KIT, and CDKN2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wincewicz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland Non Public Health Care Unit - Department of Pathology, Kielce, Poland, Specialist Medical Practice-Pathologist Kielce
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sebastian Zięba
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Piotr Lewitowicz
- Non Public Health Care Unit - Department of Pathology, Kielce, Poland, Specialist Medical Practice-Pathologist Kielce Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Clinical Oncology Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland Department of Prevention and Epidemiology of Neoplasms, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Poland
| | - Stanisław Sulkowski
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Roy CJ, Brey RN, Mantis NJ, Mapes K, Pop IV, Pop LM, Ruback S, Killeen SZ, Doyle-Meyers L, Vinet-Oliphant HS, Didier PJ, Vitetta ES. Thermostable ricin vaccine protects rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin: Epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3782-7. [PMID: 25775591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502585112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin (RT) is the second most lethal toxin known; it has been designated by the CDC as a select agent. RT is made by the castor bean plant; an estimated 50,000 tons of RT are produced annually as a by-product of castor oil. RT has two subunits, a ribotoxic A chain (RTA) and galactose-binding B chain (RTB). RT binds to all mammalian cells and once internalized, a single RTA catalytically inactivates all of the ribosomes in a cell. Administered as an aerosol, RT causes rapid lung damage and fibrosis followed by death. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines and treatments are only effective in the first few hours after exposure. We have developed a recombinant RTA vaccine that has two mutations V76M/Y80A (RiVax). The protein is expressed in Escherichia coli and is nontoxic and immunogenic in mice, rabbits, and humans. When vaccinated mice are challenged with injected, aerosolized, or orally administered (gavaged) RT, they are completely protected. We have now developed a thermostable, aluminum-adjuvant-containing formulation of RiVax and tested it in rhesus macaques. After three injections, the animals developed antibodies that completely protected them from a lethal dose of aerosolized RT. These antibodies neutralized RT and competed to varying degrees with a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies known to recognize specific epitopes on native RTA. The resulting antibody competition profile could represent an immunologic signature of protection. Importantly, the same signature was observed using sera from RiVax-immunized humans.
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Chevolet I, Speeckaert R, Schreuer M, Neyns B, Krysko O, Bachert C, Van Gele M, van Geel N, Brochez L. Clinical significance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in melanoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:9. [PMID: 25592374 PMCID: PMC4326397 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune markers in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients could provide prognostic information. However, there is currently no consensus on which circulating cell types have more clinical impact. We therefore evaluated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), dendritic cells (DC), cytotoxic T-cells and regulatory T-cells (Treg) in a series of blood samples of melanoma patients in different stages of disease. METHODS Flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 69 stage I to IV melanoma patients with a median follow-up of 39 months after diagnosis to measure the percentage of monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs), polymorphonuclear MDSCs (pmnMDSCs), myeloid DCs (mDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), cytotoxic T-cells and Tregs. We also assessed the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in cytotoxic T-cells and Tregs respectively. The impact of cell frequencies on prognosis was tested with multivariate Cox regression modelling. RESULTS Circulating pDC levels were decreased in patients with advanced (P = 0.001) or active (P = 0.002) disease. Low pDC levels conferred an independent negative impact on overall (P = 0.025) and progression-free survival (P = 0.036). Even before relapse, a decrease in pDC levels was observed (P = 0.002, correlation coefficient 0.898). High levels of circulating MDSCs (>4.13%) have an independent negative prognostic impact on OS (P = 0.012). MDSC levels were associated with decreased CD3+ (P < 0.001) and CD3 + CD8+ (P = 0.017) T-cell levels. Conversely, patients with high MDSC levels had more PD-L1+ T-cells (P = 0.033) and more CTLA-4 expression by Tregs (P = 0.003). pDCs and MDSCs were inversely correlated (P = 0.004). The impact of pDC levels on prognosis and prediction of the presence of systemic disease was stronger than that of MDSC levels. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that circulating pDC and MDSC levels are inversely correlated but have an independent prognostic value in melanoma patients. These cell types represent a single immunologic system and should be evaluated together. Both are key players in the immunological climate in melanoma patients, as they are correlated with circulating cytotoxic and regulatory T-cells. Circulating pDC and MDSC levels should be considered in future immunoprofiling efforts as they could impact disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Chevolet
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Max Schreuer
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ-Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ-Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mireille Van Gele
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Posch C, Dajee A, Yen A, Kim S, Ashworth M, Rosenblum MD, Algazi A, Osella-Abate S, Quaglino P, Daud A, Ortiz-Urda S. Melanoma immunotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:665-74. [PMID: 24651672 PMCID: PMC4049781 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of melanoma, and is intended to modulate the host immunity against the tumor. Immunotherapy can be used in an adjuvant setting, after complete surgical excision in patients with a high risk of disease relapse and as a treatment in advanced (unresectable or metastatic) stages. Development of novel therapeutic approaches and the optimization of existing therapies hold a great promise in the field of melanoma therapy research. Different clinical trials are ongoing, and immunotherapy is showing the ability to confirm durable clinical benefits in selected groups of melanoma patients. The aim of this review is to summarize different types of immunotherapy agents, as well as to discuss different strategies, complementary regimens, and possible biomarkers of response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sanlorenzo
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Turin; Turin, Italy
| | - Igor Vujic
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital; Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Posch
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital; Vienna, Austria
| | - Akshay Dajee
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Adam Yen
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sarasa Kim
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | | - Alain Algazi
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Simona Osella-Abate
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Turin; Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Turin; Turin, Italy
| | - Adil Daud
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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