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Clarisza A, Bezabh HK, Jiang SK, Huang CJ, Olbasa BW, Wu SH, Su WN, Hwang BJ. Highly Concentrated Salt Electrolyte for a Highly Stable Aqueous Dual-Ion Zinc Battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36644-36655. [PMID: 35927979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A zinc metal anode for zinc-ion batteries is a promising alternative to solve safety and cost issues in lithium-ion batteries. The Zn metal is characterized by its high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g-1), low redox potential (0.762 V vs SHE), low toxicity, high abundance on Earth, and high stability in water. Taking advantage of the stability of Zn in water, an aqueous Zn ion battery with low cost, high safety, and easy-to-handle features can be developed. To minimize water-related parasitic reactions, this work utilizes a highly concentrated salt electrolyte (HCE) with dual salts─1 m Zn(OTf)2 + 20 m LiTFSI. MD simulations prove that Zn2+ is preferentially coordinated with O in the TFSI- anion from HCE instead of O in H2O. HCE has a broadened electrochemical stability window due to suppressed H2 and O2 evolution. Some advanced ex situ and in situ/in operando analysis techniques have been applied to evaluate the morphological structure and the composition of the in situ formed passivation layer. A dual-ion full Zn||LiMn2O4 cell employing HCE has an excellent capacity retention of 92% after 300 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.62%. Meanwhile, the low concentration electrolyte (LCE) cell degrades rapidly and is short-circuited after 66 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 96.91%. The battery's excellent cycling performance with HCE is attributed to the formation of a stable anion-derived solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. On the contrary, the high free water activity in LCE leads to a water-derived interfacial layer with unavoidable dendrite growth during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Clarisza
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hailemariam Kassa Bezabh
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Kai Jiang
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jui Huang
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Bizualem Wakuma Olbasa
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - She-Huang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nien Su
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Bing Joe Hwang
- Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Meyer Q, Zeng Y, Zhao C. In Situ and Operando Characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1901900. [PMID: 31373051 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to become a mainstream energy source, significant improvements in their performance, durability, and efficiency are necessary. To improve their durability, there must be a solid understanding of how the structural and electrochemical processes are affected during operation to propose mitigation strategies. To this aim, in situ and operando characterization techniques can locally identify structural and electrochemical processes, which cannot be captured using conventional techniques. Linking these properties in the same geometric area has been challenging due to its inherent limitations, such as sample size and imaging resolution. This has created a knowledge gap in structure-to-electrochemical performance relationships as operation and degradation unevenly affect different areas of the cell. In the recent past, catalyst layer degradation, hot spots, and water management have been structurally and electrochemically visualized in the same geometric area, revealing new interactions. To further the research in this direction, these interconnected fields are reviewed, followed by a roadmap for in situ characterization of PEMFCs, treating structural and electrochemical processes as a unified subject. With this approach, the knowledge of the degradation of PEMFCs will be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Meyer
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Yachao Zeng
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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