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Schweiger Gallo I, Görke LA, Alonso MA, Herrero López R, Gollwitzer PM. Are different countries equally green with envy? A comparison of the everyday concept of envy in the United States, Spain, and Germany. Scand J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 38124407 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a prototype approach to emotion concepts, we mapped the internal structure and content of the everyday concept of envy (as used in the United States) and its translation equivalents of envidia in Spanish and Neid in German. In Study 1 (total N = 415), the features of the concept of envy, envidia, and Neid were generated via an open-ended questionnaire. In Study 2 (total N = 404), participants rated the degree of typicality of the constitutive features on a forced-choice questionnaire. The prototype analysis of envy, supplemented with network analyses, revealed that the largest connected set of features of envy, envidia, and Neid shared a group of central features, including features related to success or to people with a better appearance. Still, envy, envidia, and Neid did differ with respect to their constituent peripheral features as well as the density of their networks, their structure, and the betweenness centrality of the nodes. These results suggest that a prototype approach combined with network analysis is a convenient approach for studying the internal structure of everyday emotion concepts and the degree of overlap with respect to the translation equivalents in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Schweiger Gallo
- Departamento de Antropología Social y Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Lucia A Görke
- Department of Psychology and Graduate School of Decision Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Departamento de Psicología Social, del Trabajo y Diferencial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Reyes Herrero López
- Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Yu Y, Jia C, Wang J, Pi F, Dai H, Liu X. Characterizing the Internal Structure of Chinese Steamed Bread during Storage for Quality Evaluation Using X-ray Computer Tomography. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8804. [PMID: 37960503 PMCID: PMC10648753 DOI: 10.3390/s23218804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is a traditional food of the Chinese nation, and the preservation of its quality and freshness during storage is very important for its industrial production. Therefore, it is necessary to study the storage characteristics of CSB. Non-destructive CT technology was utilized to characterize and visualize the microstructure of CSB during storage, and also to further study of quality changes. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of CSBs were obtained through X-ray scanning and 3D reconstruction. Morphological parameters of the microstructure of CSBs were acquired based on CT image using image processing methods. Additionally, commonly used physicochemical indexes (hardness, flexibility, moisture content) for the quality evaluation of CSBs were analyzed. Moreover, a correlation analysis was conducted based on the three-dimensional morphological parameters and physicochemical indexes of CSBs. The results showed that three-dimensional morphological parameters of CSBs were negatively correlated with moisture content (Pearson correlation coefficient range-0.86~-0.97) and positively correlated with hardness (Pearson correlation coefficient range-0.87~0.99). The results indicate the inspiring capability of CT in the storage quality evaluation of CSB, providing a potential analytical method for the detection of quality and freshness in the industrial production of CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.Y.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Chanchan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.Y.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.Y.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China;
| | - Huang Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.Y.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.Y.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
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Tohmyoh H, Abukawa M. Nanoindentation study of human fingernail for determining its structural elasticity. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13456. [PMID: 37881063 PMCID: PMC10535060 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human nails play an important role in transmitting force to the fingertips, and their mechanical properties are important indices. The nail has a three-layered structure consisting of top dorsal, middle intermediate, and under ventral plates, and its internal structure is believed to affect its mechanical properties. However, this has not been investigated in previous studies. METHODS The Young's moduli of the top, middle, and under plates were measured using nanoindentation, and a theoretical model was developed to estimate the structural elasticity for the bending deformation of human nails, which is an index describing the deformability of the nail without depending on its external dimensions. The structural elasticity of human nails was compared with that of human hair collected from the same person. The effect of the softening treatment on the nails was also evaluated. RESULTS The Young's moduli of the top, middle, and under plates measured using nanoindentation were 2.9, 3.1, and 2.8 GPa, respectively. The structural elasticity of the nail was estimated to be 2.9 GPa, approximately 75% that of hair. Moreover, softening treatment with a urea cream reduced the structural elasticity of the nail to 70%. CONCLUSION This paper proposed a method for estimating the structural elasticity of a human nail with a three-layered structure. This index is a mechanical property with "Pa" as a unit, and is useful for comparing deformability with the Young's modulus of other homogeneous materials or for investigating the effect of various treatments quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tohmyoh
- Department of FinemechanicsGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masaru Abukawa
- Department of FinemechanicsGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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Ogawa T. Elucidation of the mechanism by which the internal structure of food controls the quality. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:935-945. [PMID: 37385822 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Several of the existing food manufacturing processes are based on empirical knowledge, and not many are rationally designed and operated based on a sufficient understanding of the underlying phenomena. Drying and rehydration processes are one such example of this, and a new method for measuring the moisture distribution was developed, focusing on the fact that the brightness of food varies depending on its moisture content. Using this method, new mechanisms of water transfer inside food were proposed based on the rehydration process of noodles. In addition, as a new analysis method for understanding of extremely complex phenomena, we suggest the "artificial intelligence comprehensive and reverse analysis methods". As a future prospect, we discussed the possibility that this method could contribute to elucidating various unknown complex phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Ogawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yang S, Chen Y, Li X, Tang X, Liu J, Mao Q, Aung MM. High-Resolution Cathodoluminescence Images of Igneous and Metamorphic Monazite. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1357-1372. [PMID: 37488828 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Monazite is one of the most important dating accessory minerals for deciphering geological processes. The growth history of monazite can be identified by its internal structure; thus, high-resolution imaging is necessary for in situ U-Th-Pb dating. In this study, cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques were optimized via the key parameters of working distance, accelerating voltage, and beam current and were then applied to monazites from igneous and metamorphic rocks. The CL images of igneous monazites show concentric oscillatory zoning, whereas those of metamorphic monazites clearly show homogeneous, patchy, or core-rim structures. CL imaging is a more effective approach than back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging for the observation of the internal structure of monazite and may yield additional information. CL can add to the interpretation of X-ray maps and the two techniques that may complement each other. The CL spectra of monazite consist of broad peaks and sets of narrow emission rare earth element 3+ (REE3+) peaks (Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Sm3+). The microstructures observed via CL imaging techniques can show a certain relationship between light REE (LREE) and U, Th, and Si in some igneous monazites and heavy REE (HREE) variation in some metamorphic monazites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Me Me Aung
- Geology Department, Banmaw University, Banmaw, Nanpha Street, Banmaw Township, Kachin State 999091, Myanmar
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Chen Y, Kuva J, Mohite A, Li Z, Rahier H, Al-Neshawy F, Shu J. Investigation of the Internal Structure of Hardened 3D-Printed Concrete by X-CT Scanning and Its Influence on the Mechanical Performance. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2534. [PMID: 36984414 PMCID: PMC10053611 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As we know, 3DPC is printed layer by layer compared with mold-casting conventional concrete. Pore structure and layer-to-layer interface are two main aspects of the internal structure for 3DPC, which decide 3DPC's mechanical performance. The layer-to-layer interface caused by printing is specific to 3DPC. The emphasis of this study lies in the layer-to-layer interfaces of 3DPC. The first aim of this study is to quantify the characteristics of the layer-to-layer interface and therefore characterize different aspects of the interfaces. The second aim of this study is to explore how the internal structure of printed concrete influences the mechanical performance of 3DPC. This research set out to design a series of experimental comparisons between 3DPC and casted concrete with the same compositions. Mechanical tests, i.e., compressive stress, ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test, flexural tension, and tension splitting, as well as the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test, were performed to check the mechanical performance of 3DPC. Contrary to what has often been expected, the mechanical test results showed the printed concrete has a quality not worse than casted concrete with the same recipe. Meanwhile, the X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) is used to characterize the internal structure, pore shapes, and interfaces of 3DPC. First, the investigation revealed that the lower total porosity and fewer big voids could be the fundamental causes meaning 3DPC has a better mechanical performance than casted concrete. Second, the statistics based on aspect ratio show that the distribution curves follow similar trends, regardless of the printed or casted concrete. Third, this study quantified the depth of the different interfaces for 3DPC. The results suggest that the porosity in an interface varies in a range. The author's pioneer work has contributed to our present understanding of the interfaces of 3DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Chen
- Department Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jukka Kuva
- Circular Economy Solutions, Geological Survey of Finland, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ashish Mohite
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Hyperion Robotics Oy, 02630 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zhongsen Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hubert Rahier
- Department Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fahim Al-Neshawy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jiangpeng Shu
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hua S, Wu D, Wu J, Li S, Liu G, Pei D. Characterization of the Physical Chemistry Properties of Iron-Tailing-Based Ceramsite. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36903514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to deal with the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by solid waste, iron tailings (mainly SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3) were used as the main raw material to create a type of lightweight and high-strength ceramsite. Iron tailings, dolomite (industrial grade, purity 98%) and a small amount of clay were combined in a N2 atmosphere at 1150 °C. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and a themogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed and the specific surface area was analyzed to determine the strength and adsorption of the ceramsite. The results of the XRF showed that SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 were the main components of the ceramsite, with MgO and Fe2O3 also included. The results of the XRD and SEM-EDS showed that the ceramsite contained several kinds of minerals and was mainly composed of akermanite, gehlenite and diopside, and that the morphology of the internal structure of the ceramsite was mainly massive and contained a small number of particles. The ceramsite could be used in engineering practice to improve the mechanical properties of materials and meet the requirements of actual engineering for the strength of materials. The results of the specific surface area analysis showed that the inner structure of the ceramsite was compact and that there were no large voids. The voids were mainly medium and large, with a high stability and strong adsorption ability. The TGA results showed that the quality of the ceramsite samples will continue to increase within a certain range. According to the XRD experimental results and experimental conditions, it was speculated that in the part of the ore phase containing Al, Mg or Ca in the ceramsite, the elements underwent relatively complex chemical reactions with each other, resulting in the formation of an ore phase with a higher molecular weight. This research provides the basis of characterization and analysis for the preparation of high-adsorption ceramsite from iron tailings and promotes the high-value utilization of iron tailings for waste pollution control.
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Cazenave M, Radovčić D. The Neanderthal patellae from Krapina (Croatia): A comparative investigation of their endostructural conformation and distinctive features compared to the extant human condition. Am J Biol Anthropol 2023; 181:118-129. [PMID: 36806751 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Neanderthal patella differs from that of extant humans by being thicker anteroposteriorly and by having more symmetric medial and lateral articular facets. However, it is still unclear to what extent these differences affect knee kinesiology. We aim at assessing the endostructural conformation of Neanderthal patellae to reveal functionally related mechanical information comparatively to the extant human condition. In principle, we expect that the Neanderthal patella (i) shows a higher amount of cortical bone and (ii) a trabecular network organization distinct from the extant human condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using micro-focus X-ray tomography, we characterized the endostructure of six adult patellae from the OIS 5e Neanderthal site of Krapina, Croatia, the largest assemblage of human fossil patellae assessed so far, and compared their pattern to the configuration displayed by a sample of 22 recent humans. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The first expectation is rejected, indicating that the patellar bone might have not followed the trend of generalized gracilization of the human postcranial skeleton occurred through the Upper Pleistocene. The second prediction is at least partially supported. In Krapina the trabecular network differs from the comparative sample by showing a higher medial density and by lacking a proximal reinforcement. Such conformation indicates similar load patterns exerted in Neanderthals and extant humans by the vastus lateralis, but not by the vastus medialis, with implications on the mediolateral stabilization of the knee joint. However, the patterns of structural variation of the patellar network remain to be assessed in other Neanderthal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cazenave
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Davorka Radovčić
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
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Rosario-Hernández E, Rovira-Millán LV, Merino-Soto C, Angulo-Ramos M. Review of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Spanish version in a sample of Puerto Rican workers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1024676. [PMID: 36865076 PMCID: PMC9971011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1024676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the internal structure and assess the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in a Puerto Rican sample of workers. This instrument is a nine-item questionnaire, which was conceptualized as a unidimensional structure; however, there are mixed results regarding this internal structure. This measure is used in the occupational health psychology context in organizations in Puerto Rico; nevertheless, there is little evidence of its psychometric properties with samples of workers. Materials and methods A total of 955 samples from two different study samples were used in this cross-sectional study design in which the PHQ-9 was used. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, bifactor analysis, and random intercept item factor analysis to examine the internal structure of the PHQ-9. Moreover, a two-factor model was examined by randomly assigning items to the two factors. Measurement invariance across sex and the relationship with other constructs were examined. Results The best-fitted model was the bifactor model followed by the random intercept item factor. The five sets of two-factor models with items randomly assigned obtained acceptable and similar fit indices regardless of the items. Conclusion The results suggest that the PHQ-9 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure depression. The more parsimonious interpretation of its scores, for now, is a unidimensional structure. Comparison across sex appears to be useful in occupational health psychology research settings since the results suggest that the PHQ-9 is invariant regarding this variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rosario-Hernández
- Clinical Psychology Programs, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - César Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
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De A, Ko YT. Why mRNA-ionizable LNPs formulations are so short-lived: causes and way-out. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:175-187. [PMID: 36588456 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2162876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are biological molecules that can be heated, frozen, lyophilized, precipitated, or re-suspended without degradation. Currently, ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising approach for mRNA therapy. However, the long-term shelf-life stability of mRNA-ionizable LNPs is one of the open questions about their use and safety. At an acidic pH, ionizable lipids shield anionic mRNA. However, the stability of mRNA under storage conditions remains a mystery. Moreover, ionizable LNPs excipients also cause instability during long-term storage. AREA COVERED This paper aims to illustrate why mRNA-ionizable LNPs have such a limited storage half-life. For the first time, we compile the tentative reasons for the short half-life and ultra-cold storage of mRNA-LNPs in the context of formulation excipients. The article also provided possible ways of prolonging the lifespan of mRNA-ionizable LNPs during long storage. EXPERT OPINION mRNA-ionizable LNPs are the future of genetic medicine. Current limitations of the formulation can be overcome by an advanced drying process or a whole new hybrid formulation strategy to extend the shelf life of mRNA-ionizable LNPs. A breakthrough technology may open up new research directions for producing thermostable and safe mRNA-ionizable LNPs at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita De
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Rodd J, Chen A. Internal structure of intonational categories: The (dis)appearance of a perceptual magnet effect. Front Psychol 2023; 13:911349. [PMID: 36733875 PMCID: PMC9887997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of whether intonation events are speech categories like phonemes and lexical tones has long been a puzzle in prosodic research. In past work, researchers have studied categoricality of pitch accents and boundary tones by examining perceptual phenomena stemming from research on phoneme categories (i.e., intonation boundary effects-peaks in discrimination sensitivity at category boundaries, perceptual magnet effects-sensitivity minima near the best exemplar or prototype of a category). Both lines of research have yielded mixed results. However, boundary effects are not necessarily related to categoricality of speech. Using improved methodology, the present study examines whether pitch accents have domain-general internal structure of categories by testing the perceptual magnet effect. Perceived goodness and discriminability of re-synthesized productions of Dutch rising pitch accent (L*H) were evaluated by native speakers of Dutch in three experiments. The variation between these stimuli was quantified using a polynomial-parametric modeling approach. A perceptual magnet effect was detected: (1) rated "goodness" decreased as acoustic-perceptual distance relative to the prototype increased (Experiment 1), and (2) equally spaced items far from the prototype were more frequently discriminated than equally spaced items in the neighborhood of the prototype (Experiment 2). These results provide first evidence for internal structure of pitch accents, similar to that found in color and phoneme categories. However, the discrimination accuracy gathered here was lower than that reported for phonemes. The discrimination advantage in the neighborhood far from the prototype disappeared when participants were tested on a very large number of stimuli (Experiment 3), similar to findings on phonemes and different from findings for lexical tones in neutral network simulations of distributional learning. These results suggest a more transient nature of the perceptual magnet effect in the perception of pitch accents and arguably weaker categoricality of pitch accents, compared to that of phonemes and in particular of lexical tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rodd
- Office of Education, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Aoju Chen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Aoju Chen,
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Gajewski MD, Król JB. The Influence of Mortar's Poisson Ratio and Viscous Properties on Effective Stiffness and Anisotropy of Asphalt Mixture. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8946. [PMID: 36556751 PMCID: PMC9784208 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a research study and analysis conducted to determine the degree of anisotropy of asphalt concrete in terms of its initial elastic properties. The analysis of asphalt concrete was focused on determining the effective constrained stiffness modulus in three mutually perpendicular directions based on the finite element method. The internal structure of the asphalt concrete was divided into the mortar phase and the mineral aggregate phase. Static creep tests using the Bending Beam Rheometer were conducted for the mortar phase to fit the rheological model. The aggregate arrangement and orientation were analysed using an image analytical technique for the mineral phase. The Finite Element Method (FEM) meshes were prepared based on grey images with an assumption of plane strain in 2D formulation. Using the FEM model, the tension/compression tests using selected characteristic directions were conducted, and the effective constrained stiffness moduli were estimated. This study showed a dominant horizontal direction for all coarse aggregates resulting from the normal force of the road roller and paving machines during laying and compaction on a road site. Depending on the values of the mortar's mechanical parameters and the load direction, the effective stiffness modulus might differ by ±20%. Based on the FEM analysis, this result was proven and commented on through an effective directional modulus evaluation and a presentation of internal stress distribution. Depending on the shape and orientation of the aggregates, it was possible to observe local "stress bridging" (transferring stresses from aggregate to aggregate when contacting). Moreover, the rheological properties of the mortar were considered by assuming two limiting situations (instantaneous and relaxed moduli), determining the bands of all possible solutions. In the performed FEM analysis, the influence of the Poisson ratio was also considered. The analysed asphalt concrete tends to be isotropic when the Poisson's mortar ratio is close to the value of 0.5, which agrees with the physical expectations. The obtained results are limited to particular asphalt concrete and should not be extrapolated to other asphalt mixture types without prior analysis.
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Li G, Yang L, Wu G, Qian Z, Li H. An update of interbody cages for spine fusion surgeries: from shape design to materials. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:977-989. [PMID: 36617696 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2165912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discectomy and interbody fusion are widely used in the treatment of intervertebral disc-related diseases. Among them, the interbody cage plays a significant role. However, the complications related to the interbody cage, such as nonunion or pseudoarthrosis, subsidence, loosening, and prolapse of the cage, cannot be ignored. By changing the design and material of the interbody fusion cage, a better fusion effect can be obtained, the incidence of appeal complications can be reduced, and the quality of life of patients after interbody fusion can be improved. AREAS COVERED This study reviewed the research progress of cage design and material and discussed the methods of cage design and material to promote intervertebral fusion. EXPERT OPINION Current treatment of cervical and lumbar degenerative disease requires interbody fusion to maintain decompression and to promote fusion and reduce the incidence of fusion failure through improvements in implant material, design, internal structure, and function. However, interbody fusion is not an optimal solution for treating vertebral instability.Abbreviations: ACDF, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; Axi-aLIF, axial lumbar interbody fusion; BAK fusion cage, Bagby and Kuslich fusion cage; CADR, cervical artificial disc replacement; DBM, decalcified bone matrix; HA, hydroxyapatite; LLIF/XLIF, lateral or extreme lateral interbody fusion; MIS-TLIF, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; OLIF/ATP, oblique lumbar interbody fusion/anterior to psoas; PEEK, Poly-ether-ether-ketone; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; ROI-C, Zero-profile Anchored Spacer; ROM, range of motion; SLM, selective melting forming; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshen Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Kononov P, Kononova I, Moshnikov V, Maraeva E, Trubetskaya O. Step-By-Step Modeling and Demetallation Experimental Study on the Porous Structure in Zeolites. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238156. [PMID: 36500246 PMCID: PMC9740867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The organization of microporous space in zeolites is discussed. A new step-by-step model is proposed that explains the principles of organizing the hierarchy of microporous space at the stage of assembling zeolites from elements of minimal size: a primary building unit, secondary building units, tertiary building units or building polyhedra, a sodalite cage, and a supercage. To illustrate the stepwise hierarchical porous structure of nanomaterials, the following zeolites with small and large micropores have been selected as the model objects: sodalite (SOD, the maximum diameter of a sphere that can enter the pores is 0.3 nm) and zeolites of type A (LTA, the maximum diameter of a sphere that can enter the pores is 0.41 nm), type X, Y (FAU, the maximum diameter of a sphere that can enter the pores is 0.75 nm), and type BETA (the maximum diameter of a sphere that can enter the pores is 0.67 nm). Two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling in 3Ds Max software was used. We believe that such an approach will be useful for developing ways to create complex zeolite compositions for specific applications, such as catalysis, where the geometry of the pores determines the size of the molecules entering the voids and computer modeling can play an important predictive role. This work takes a look at specific aspects of using the heat desorption method to study mesoporous materials with a BETA zeolite as an example and presents the results of experimental research into the characteristics of the porous structure of hierarchically structured zeolite materials (specific surface area 180-380 m2/g, external surface area 120-200 m2/g, micropore volume 0.001-0.1 mL/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kononov
- Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, Faculty of Basic and Human Sciences, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-981-201-5259
| | - Irina Kononova
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5, pr. Popova, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5, pr. Popova, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Maraeva
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5, pr. Popova, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Trubetskaya
- Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, Faculty of Basic and Human Sciences, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Wang X, Zhang M, Phuhongsung P, Mujumdar AS. Impact of internal structural design on quality and nutritional properties of 3D printed food products during post-printing: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3713-3724. [PMID: 36260286 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
3D food printing (3DFP) provides an excellent opportunity to deposit layers of multiple food materials to create unique complex structures of products with more engaging visuals, specific textures, and customized nutritional properties. Many printed products require post-printing processing which can result in sensory variance, texture changes, and even nutritional modification. Hence it is necessary to implement the design of the complex internal structure to ensure the desired quality of the printed products following post-printing. 3-D printing of various types of food products, for example, chocolate, cheese, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish, eggs, cereal-based products, and so on, has been examined with regard to post-printing requirements. This review aims to summarize the current work on the latest developments in 3DFP technology concerning the internal structure design of 3D printed products and its effect on quality during post-printing. The quality parameters include: textural, physical, morphological, and dimensional characteristics as well as nutritional properties. Furthermore, post-printing modifications such as 4D are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- College of Intelligent Agriculture, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pattarapon Phuhongsung
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Kaczmarczyk GP, Wałach D, Natividade-Jesus E, Ferreira R. Change of the Structural Properties of High-Performance Concretes Subjected to Thermal Effects. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5753. [PMID: 36013890 PMCID: PMC9413166 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper refers to studies of the structure of high-performance concrete with polypropylene fibre at different dosages. The authors see a research gap in the study of the effect of adding polypropylene fibre on the parameters of concrete exposed to high temperatures. The study takes into account the thermal effect-groups of samples were heated to 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C. The authors carried out basic tests to describe the changes in density, ultrasonic tests, uniaxial compression strength tests and tensile tests by splitting. The positive effect of polypropylene fibres is mainly observed between 20 °C and 200 °C. The melting of polypropylene fibres causes a delay in the development of micro-cracks in the structure of these concretes compared to HPC. Adding polypropylene fibres to the mixtures also increased the speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the medium. The research was deepened with tomographic imaging. A description of the splitting surface was carried out. The results of tensile by splitting tests clearly show an increase in the relative failure area for unheated concretes in proportion to the number of fibres used. Changes in splitting surfaces under the influence of temperature are graphically illustrated. Furthermore, differences in the samples under the influence of heating at high temperatures are presented. Finally, the porosity development of all sample groups before and after heating at all temperatures is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Piotr Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Daniel Wałach
- Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Eduardo Natividade-Jesus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbra Polytechnic—ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Ferreira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbra Polytechnic—ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Li X, Yang X, Li X, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Lin H, Kang D, Shen Y. Nondestructive in situ monitoring of pea seeds germination using optical coherence tomography. Plant Direct 2022; 6:e428. [PMID: 35844779 PMCID: PMC9277031 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and uniform plant stand in the field are the most critical crop growth stages determining the final yield. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds production is often hampered due to the seed dormancy caused by the hard seed coat. Such effect is mainly attributed to poor or uneven germination and unsynchronised seedling emergence. Understanding the time course of water intake and several critical germination indicators can reveal many features of seed germination such as rate and uniformity. This paper used optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cross-sectional imaging technique, to monitor the inner structural changes throughout the germination process. A sequence of cross-sectional OCT images of pea (P. sativum L.) seeds, together with additional microscopic optical images, was recorded continuously and in situ for over 40 h. OCT and microscopic images revealed the changes in the internal structure and the external shape of the pea seeds during germination, respectively. It was found that the cross-sectional OCT images helped to identify the critical indicators distinguishing the different phases of germination pea seeds. Therefore, the presented OCT approach offers a fast and nondestructive way to precisely measure the structural indicators in different germination phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Dingming Kang
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaochun Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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18
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Fontaine JRJ, Sekwena EK, Veirman E, Schlegel K, MacCann C, Roberts RD, Scherer KR. Assessing Emotional Intelligence Abilities, Acquiescent and Extreme Responding in Situational Judgment Tests Using Principal Component Metrics. Front Psychol 2022; 13:813540. [PMID: 35558711 PMCID: PMC9087725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.813540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal Component Metrics is a novel theoretically-based and data-driven methodology that enables the evaluation of the internal structure at item level of maximum emotional intelligence tests. This method disentangles interindividual differences in emotional ability from acquiescent and extreme responding. Principal Component Metrics are applied to existing (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) and assembled (specifically, the Situational Test of Emotion Understanding, the Situational Test of Emotion Management, and the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test) emotional intelligence test batteries in an analysis of three samples (total N = 2,303 participants). In undertaking these analyses important aspects of the nomological network of emotional intelligence, acquiescent, and extreme responding are investigated. The current study adds a central piece of empirical validity evidence to the emotional intelligence domain. In the three different samples, theoretically predicted internal structures at item level were found using raw item scores. The validity of the indicators for emotional intelligence, acquiescent, and extreme responding was confirmed by their relationships across emotional intelligence tests and by their nomological networks. The current findings contribute to evaluating the efficacy of the emotional intelligence construct as well as the validity evidence surrounding the instruments that are currently designed for its assessment, in the process opening new perspectives for analyzing existing and constructing new emotional intelligence tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva K Sekwena
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Elke Veirman
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Department of Personality, Differential Psychology and Assessment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn MacCann
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Klaus R Scherer
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kalkbrenner MT. Validation of Scores on The Lifestyle Practices and Health Consciousness Inventory with Black and Latinx Adults in the United States: A Three-Dimensional Model. Meas Eval Couns Dev 2022; 55:84-97. [PMID: 35422573 PMCID: PMC9004479 DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2021.1955214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The author tested the psychometric properties of the Lifestyle Practices and Health Consciousness Inventory (LPHCI), an interdisciplinary healthcare screening tool, with a stratified random sample (N = 4,009) of Black and Latinx adults in all 50 states. Results of EFA, CFA, higher-order CFA, and multiple-group CFA all supported a 3-dimensional LPHCI model.
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20
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Shin SH, Kwon JS, Shim JS, Kim JE. Evaluating the Three-Dimensional Printing Accuracy of Partial-Arch Models According to Outer Wall Thickness: An In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6734. [PMID: 34832136 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The printing accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) dental models using photopolymer resin affects dental diagnostic procedures and prostheses. The accuracy of research into the outer wall thickness and printing direction data for partial-arch model printing has been insufficient. This study analyzed the effects of wall thickness and printing direction accuracy. Anterior and posterior partial-arch models were designed with different outer wall thicknesses. After 3D printing, a trueness analysis was performed. Those with full-arch models were the control group. The full-arch model had an error value of 73.60 ± 2.61 µm (mean ± standard deviation). The error values for the partial-arch models with 1-, 2-, and 3-mm thick outer walls were 54.80 ± 5.34, 47.58 ± 7.59, and 42.25 ± 9.19 μm, respectively, and that for the fully filled model was 38.20 ± 4.63 μm. The printing accuracies differed significantly between 0 degrees and 60 degrees, at 49.54 ± 8.16 and 40.66 ± 6.80 μm, respectively (F = 153.121, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the trueness of the partial-arch model was better than that of the full-arch model, and models with thick outer walls at 60 degrees were highly accurate.
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21
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Reyes-Rodríguez AC, Valdés-Cuervo AA, Parra-Pérez LG, García-Vázquez FI, Torres-Acuña GM. Evaluating Psychometric Properties of the New Teachers' Perceptions of Collective Efficacy to Handle Bullying Scale (TCEB). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11424. [PMID: 34769941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Collective efficacy is a promising theoretical construct that has been used to explain bullying rates in school. The development of school collective efficacy scales has increased in bullying research in recent years; however, gaps remain in measuring collective efficacy to handle bullying. This research assessed the psychometric properties of a new scale to evaluate collective efficacy against bullying. This first-order one-dimensional scale is called the teachers’ perceptions of collective efficacy to handle bullying (TCEB) scale. A sample of 804 Mexican primary teachers completed questionnaires. The sample was randomly split into two subsamples for calibration (n = 402) and cross-validation analysis (n = 402). The factor structure was supported by confirmatory factorial analysis. Measurement equivalence was confirmed by gender. The latent means differences showed no statistically significant differences by teachers’ gender. The TCEB correlation with school environment factors (e.g., principal support, school climate, and bullying) confirms the scale’s discriminant and concurrent validity. Our findings suggest that TCEB is a suitable instrument to assess teachers’ perceptions of collective efficacy to handle bullying, a construct that has proved to help predict a positive whole-school context and student bullying involvement.
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Maciejewska M, Gawdzik B, Rogulska M. Regular Polymeric Microspheres with Highly Developed Internal Structure and Remarkable Thermal Stability. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2240. [PMID: 33925374 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis and characterization of permanently porous polymeric microspheres was presented. The microspheres were obtained via suspension polymerization using diverse functional monomers, such as 4,4′-bis(methacryloyloxymethylphenyl)sulphone, 1,4-bis(methacryloyloxymethyl)benzene, 4,4′-bis(methacryloyloxymethylphenyl)methane, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and divinylbenzene as a co-monomer. As porogenic solvents, toluene and chlorobenzene were applied. The main aim of the research was to synthesize polymers having a highly developed internal structure and a good thermal stability. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, a size distribution analysis, a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption method, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry coupled with FTIR and inverse gas chromatography. It was found that, depending on the functional monomer, regular microspheres with a specific surface area in the range of 418–746 m2/g can be successfully synthesized. Moreover, all the synthesized copolymers showed a good thermal stability. In helium, they exhibited 5% mass losses at temperatures over 300 °C, whereas in air these values were only slightly lower. In addition, the presence of miscellaneous functional groups promoted diverse kinds of interactions. Therefore, the microspheres can be possibly use in many adsorption techniques including high temperature processes.
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Ashizuka Y, Otoguro S, Horisawa E. Effects of Manufacturing Conditions on Pharmaceutical Properties of Petrolatum Ointment-Distribution of Hydrocarbon. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:352-359. [PMID: 33790080 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Petrolatum ointment, which is an oleaginous ointment, is generally produced through manufacturing processes such as melting, mixing, and cooling. In this type of semisolid formulation, the manufacturing conditions of each process are empirically known to affect the quality of the resultant preparation; however, in many cases, the details of the factors are unclear. To clearly investigate the influence of the pharmaceutical properties of petrolatum ointments, we manufactured several ointments while changing the conditions of the mixing and cooling process after melting white petrolatum. As a result, the temperature at the termination was determined to influence the pharmaceutical properties of the final product. To investigate these phenomena, each petrolatum ointment sample was examined via digital microscopy and laser Raman analysis, and the distribution of the liquid-solid parts of samples was investigated. The internal structure of the ointment sample manufactured at a mixing-stop temperature of 40 °C, the needle crystals and the spherical aggregates surrounding them appropriately coexisted, while the structure exhibited a state wherein the two were linked in a semisolid phase. Meanwhile, for the ointment sample manufactured under the lowest mixing-stop temperature of 25 °C, the liquid part and the spherical aggregates were clearly separated, indicating that the liquid part was easily separated from ointments. In addition, the distribution of the hydrocarbons among the samples was measured via GC-MS; no significant difference in chemical structure was observed. In conclusion, the internal structure of the petrolatum ointment was changed by the manufacturing conditions, and this affected the pharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ashizuka
- Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Discovery Research Laboratories
| | - Saori Otoguro
- Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Discovery Research Laboratories
| | - Eijiro Horisawa
- Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Discovery Research Laboratories
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24
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Buzmakov AV, Dunaev AG, Krivonosov YS, Zolotov DA, Dyachkova IG, Krotova LI, Volkov VV, Bodey AJ, Asadchikov VE, Popov VK. Wide-Ranging Multitool Study of Structure and Porosity of PLGA Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071021. [PMID: 33806130 PMCID: PMC8037117 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the nanoscale transformation of the polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) internal structure, before and after its supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) swelling and plasticization, followed by foaming after a CO2 pressure drop, was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for the first time. A comparative analysis of the internal structure data and porosity measurements for PLGA scaffolds, produced by sc-CO2 processing, on a scale ranging from 0.02 to 1000 μm, was performed by SAXS, helium pycnometry (HP), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and both “lab-source” and synchrotron X-ray microtomography (micro-CT). This approach opens up possibilities for the wide-scale evaluation, computer modeling, and prediction of the physical and mechanical properties of PLGA scaffolds, as well as their biodegradation behavior in the body. Hence, this study targets optimizing the process parameters of PLGA scaffold fabrication for specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Buzmakov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Andrey G. Dunaev
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Yuriy S. Krivonosov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Denis A. Zolotov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Irina G. Dyachkova
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.D.); (V.K.P.)
| | - Larisa I. Krotova
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Vladimir V. Volkov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Andrew J. Bodey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
| | - Victor E. Asadchikov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
| | - Vladimir K. Popov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.G.D.); (Y.S.K.); (D.A.Z.); (L.I.K.); (V.V.V.); (V.E.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.D.); (V.K.P.)
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Vugteveen J, de Bildt A, Theunissen M, Reijneveld M, Timmerman M. Validity Aspects of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Adolescent Self-Report and Parent-Report Versions Among Dutch Adolescents. Assessment 2021; 28:601-616. [PMID: 31257902 PMCID: PMC7883005 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119858416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, validity aspects of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) self-report and parent-report versions were assessed among Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (community sample: n = 962, clinical sample: n = 4,053). The findings mostly support the continued use of both SDQ versions in screening for psychosocial problems as (a) exploratory structural equation analyses partially supported the grouping of items into five scales; (b) investigation of associations between scales of the SDQ and the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Intelligence Development Scales-2 provided evidence for the SDQ versions' convergent and divergent validity; and (c) receiver operating characteristics curves yielded evidence for both SDQ versions' criterion validity by showing that these questionnaires can be used to screen for psychosocial problems, except for the adolescent-reported version for males. Regardless of the adolescent's gender, the receiver operating characteristics curves showed both SDQ versions to be useful for screening for three specific types of problems: anxiety/mood disorder, conduct/oppositional deviant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Additionally, parent-rated SDQ scores were found to be useful for screening for autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien Vugteveen
- Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Bildt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Accare Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Meinou Theunissen
- Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Reijneveld
- Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Timmerman
- Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Shin SH, Lim JH, Kang YJ, Kim JH, Shim JS, Kim JE. Evaluation of the 3D Printing Accuracy of a Dental Model According to Its Internal Structure and Cross-Arch Plate Design: An In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5433. [PMID: 33260676 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amount of photopolymer material consumed during the three-dimensional (3D) printing of a dental model varies with the volume and internal structure of the modeling data. This study analyzed how the internal structure and the presence of a cross-arch plate influence the accuracy of a 3D printed dental model. The model was designed with a U-shaped arch and the palate removed (Group U) or a cross-arch plate attached to the palate area (Group P), and the internal structure was divided into five types. The trueness and precision were analyzed for accuracy comparisons of the 3D printed models. Two-way ANOVA of the trueness revealed that the accuracy was 135.2 ± 26.3 µm (mean ± SD) in Group U and 85.6 ± 13.1 µm in Group P. Regarding the internal structure, the accuracy was 143.1 ± 46.8 µm in the 1.5 mm-thick shell group, which improved to 111.1 ± 31.9 µm and 106.7 ± 26.3 µm in the roughly filled and fully filled models, respectively. The precision was 70.3 ± 19.1 µm in Group U and 65.0 ± 8.8 µm in Group P. The results of this study suggest that a cross-arch plate is necessary for the accurate production of a model using 3D printing regardless of its internal structure. In Group U, the error during the printing process was higher for the hollowed models.
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Escalante Mateos N, Goñi Palacios E, Fernández-Zabala A, Antonio-Agirre I. Internal Structure, Reliability and Invariance across Gender Using the Multidimensional School Climate Scale PACE-33. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4800. [PMID: 32635297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The school climate is one of the keys to the efficiency, quality and improvement of the school. For this reason, numerous studies have highlighted the importance of evaluating this construct. However, there is still no measure in Spanish that evaluates the most relevant aspects of school climate in a valid and reliable way. This paper has two main objectives that try to overcome this limitation: (1) to analyse the internal structure and internal consistency reliability of the Students’ Perception of School Climate scale (escala Percepción del Alumnado sobre el Clima Escolar—PACE-33); and (2) examine its measurement and structural invariance across men and women. This study involved 1180 adolescents (mean age, Mage = 15.37 years; standard deviation, SD = 1.90) selected by means of incidental sampling. The results obtained show that, among the models tested, the one corresponding to nine correlated factors shows the best adjustment to the data; furthermore, they note that it presents adequate internal consistency indices. The results also prove that this model is equivalent in men and women. These data support that the PACE-33 is a valid and reliable measure to assess the adolescents’ perception of the main aspects of the school climate.
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Tsukanov A, Ivonin D, Gotman I, Gutmanas EY, Grachev E, Pervikov A, Lerner M. Effect of Cold-Sintering Parameters on Structure, Density, and Topology of Fe-Cu Nanocomposites. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030541. [PMID: 31979235 PMCID: PMC7040682 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The design of advanced nanostructured materials with predetermined physical properties requires knowledge of the relationship between these properties and the internal structure of the material at the nanoscale, as well as the dependence of the internal structure on the production (synthesis) parameters. This work is the first report of computer-aided analysis of high pressure consolidation (cold sintering) of bimetallic nanoparticles of two immiscible (Fe and Cu) metals using the embedded atom method (EAM). A detailed study of the effect of cold sintering parameters on the internal structure and properties of bulk Fe–Cu nanocomposites was conducted within the limitations of the numerical model. The variation of estimated density and bulk porosity as a function of Fe-to-Cu ratio and consolidation pressure was found in good agreement with the experimental data. For the first time, topological analysis using Minkowski functionals was applied to characterize the internal structure of a bimetallic nanocomposite. The dependence of topological invariants on input processing parameters was described for various components and structural phases. The model presented allows formalizing the relationship between the internal structure and properties of the studied nanocomposites. Based on the obtained topological invariants and Hadwiger’s theorem we propose a new tool for computer-aided design of bimetallic Fe–Cu nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsukanov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering (CDISE), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), 30, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitriy Ivonin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Irena Gotman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Elazar Y. Gutmanas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Eugene Grachev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksandr Pervikov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Marat Lerner
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (A.P.); (M.L.)
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Lv X, Liu C, Shao Z, Sun S. Tuning Physical Crosslinks in Hybrid Hydrogels for Network Structure Analysis and Mechanical Reinforcement. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E352. [PMID: 30960336 PMCID: PMC6419201 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels with high mechanical strength are needed for a variety of industrial applications. Here, a series of hydrogels was prepared by introducing hybrid particles as hydrophobic association points to toughen the hydrogels. These toughened hydrogels were able to transfer an external mechanical force via the reorganization of the crosslinking networks. They exhibited an extraordinary mechanical performance, which was the result of the coordination between hydrophobic segments and hybrid particles. Herein, the connection between the dissipated energy of the inner distribution structure (on a small scale) and the mechanical properties (on a large scale) was conducted. Specifically, we inspected hydrogels of latex particles (LPs) with different chain lengths (C4, C12, C18) and studied their inner structural parameters, namely, the relationship between the density and molecular weight of crosslinking points to the mechanical strength and energy dissipation. Favorable traits of the hydrogels included compact internal structures that were basically free from defects and external structures with puncture resistance, high toughness, etc. Based on the experimental results that agreed with the theoretical results, this study provides a profound understanding of the internal structure of hydrogels, and it offers a new idea for the design of high-strength hybrid hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lv
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chuang Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhubao Shao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shulin Sun
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
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Dai S, Tymchenko M, Xu ZQ, Tran TT, Yang Y, Ma Q, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo-Herrero P, Aharonovich I, Basov DN, Tao TH, Alù A. Internal Nanostructure Diagnosis with Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5205-5210. [PMID: 30005161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging materials and inner structures with resolution below the diffraction limit has become of fundamental importance in recent years for a wide variety of applications. We report subdiffractive internal structure diagnosis of hexagonal boron nitride by exciting and imaging hyperbolic phonon polaritons. On the basis of their unique propagation properties, we are able to accurately locate defects in the crystal interior with nanometer resolution. The precise location, size, and geometry of the concealed defects are reconstructed by analyzing the polariton wavelength, reflection coefficient, and their dispersion. We have also studied the evolution of polariton reflection, transmission, and scattering as a function of defect size and photon frequency. The nondestructive high-precision polaritonic structure diagnosis technique introduced here can be also applied to other hyperbolic or waveguide systems and may be deployed in the next-generation biomedical imaging, sensing, and fine structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dai
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Mykhailo Tymchenko
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Zai-Quan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Toan Trong Tran
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Yafang Yang
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Tiger H Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City College of The City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
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Gołaś A, Zwierzchowska A, Maszczyk A, Wilk M, Stastny P, Zając A. Neuromuscular Control During the Bench Press Movement in an Elite Disabled and Able-Bodied Athlete. J Hum Kinet 2017; 60:209-215. [PMID: 29340001 PMCID: PMC5765801 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The disabled population varies significantly in regard to physical fitness, what is conditioned by the damage to the locomotor system. Recently there has been an increased emphasis on the role of competitive sport in enhancing health and the quality of life of individuals with disability. One of the sport disciplines of Paralympics is the flat bench press. The bench press is one of the most popular resistance exercises used for the upper body in healthy individuals. It is used not only by powerlifters, but also by athletes in most strength-speed oriented sport disciplines. The objective of the study was to compare neuromuscular control for various external loads (from 60 to 100% 1RM) during the flat bench press performed by an elite able-bodied athlete and an athlete with lower limb disability. The research project is a case study of two elite bench press athletes with similar sport results: an able-bodied athlete (M.W., age 34 years, body mass 103 kg, body height 1.72 m, 1RM in the flat bench press 200 kg) and a disabled athlete (M.T., age 31 years, body mass 92 kg, body height 1.70 m, 1RM in the flat bench press 190 kg). The activity was recorded for four muscles: pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), as well as for the lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii (TBlat and TBlong). The T-test revealed statistically significant differences between peak activity of all the considered muscles (AD with p = 0.001; PM with p = 0.001; TBlat with p = 0.0021 and TBlong with p = 0.002) between the 2 athletes. The analysis of peak activity differences of M.W and M.T. in relation to the load revealed statistically significant differences for load changes between: 60 to 100% 1RM (p = 0.007), 70 to 100% 1RM (p = 0.016) and 80 to 100% 1RM (p = 0.032). The flat bench press performed without legs resting firmly on the ground leads to the increased engagement of upper body muscles and to their greater activation. Isolated initial positions can be used to generate greater engagement of muscle groups during the bench press exercise and evoke their higher activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Gołaś
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Zwierzchowska
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Maszczyk
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Wilk
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Rublic
| | - Adam Zając
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Bartz J, da Rosa Zavareze E, Dias ARG. Study of heat-moisture treatment of potato starch granules by chemical surface gelatinization. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:3114-3123. [PMID: 27882554 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native potato starch was subjected to heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at 12%, 15%, 18%, 21%, and 24% of moisture content at 110 °C for 1 h, and the effects on morphology, structure, and thermal and physicochemical properties were investigated. To reveal the internal structure, 30% and 50% of the granular surface were removed by chemical surface gelatinization in concentrated LiCl solution. RESULTS At moisture contents of 12% and 15%, HTM reduced the gelatinization temperatures and relative crystallinity of the starches, while at moisture contents of 21% and 24 % both increased. The alterations on morphology, X-ray pattern, physicochemical properties, and increase of amylose content were more intense with the increase of moisture content of HMT. CONCLUSION The removal of granular layers showed that the changes promoted by HMT occur throughout the whole granule and were pronounced at the core or peripheral region, depending of the moisture content applied during HMT. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Bartz
- Department of Science and Agro-Industrial Technology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Science and Agro-Industrial Technology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Katsuno N, Fujimura M, Hanya A, Nishizu T. The effects of water absorption and roasting conditions on fracture properties and internal structure of sesame seeds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:774-778. [PMID: 28064561 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1274644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of soaking, residence time before roasting and roasting conditions on the fracture properties and structure of the cross-section of sesame seeds. Soaking time affected only the size of the side voids of the seed cross-section. The fracture force and strain of the roasted seeds decreased as residence time increased. The center void of the roasted seeds, important for seed crispness increased as residence time increased. In contrast, the side void of the roasted seeds only increased with residence time during the first 10 min. Seeds roasted at higher temperatures had smaller fracture forces and larger central voids than those roasted at lower temperatures. During roasting at 300 °C, the fracture force and strain decreased as the center void ratio increased. Overall, both a sufficient time for moisture diffusion in the seeds and a high roasting temperature were necessary to produce crisp roasted seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakako Katsuno
- a Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | | | - Akira Hanya
- c Food Research Center, Aichi Center for Industry and Science Technology , Nishi-ku Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takahisa Nishizu
- a Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
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Zerball M, Laschewsky A, Köhler R, Von Klitzing R. The Effect of Temperature Treatment on the Structure of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E120. [PMID: 30979212 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study addresses the effect of thermal treatment on the internal structure of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). In order to get insight into the internal structure of PEMs, Neutron Reflectometry (NR) was used. PEMs with a deuterated inner block towards the substrate and a non-deuterated outer block were prepared and measured in 1% RH and in D₂O before and after a thermal treatment. Complementarily, PEMs with the same number of layers but completely non-deuterated were investigated by ellipsometry. The analysis for the overall thickness (d), the average scattering length density (SLD) and the refractive index (n) indicate a degradation of the PEM. The loss in material is independent of the number of layers, i.e., only a constant part of the PEM is affected by degradation. The analysis of the internal structure revealed a more complex influence of thermal treatment on PEM structure. Only the outermost part of the PEM degenerates, while the inner part becomes denser during the thermal treatment. In addition, the swelling behavior of PEMs is influenced by the thermal treatment. The untreated PEM shows a well pronounced odd-even effect, i.e., PDADMAC-terminated PEMs take up more water than PSS-terminated PEMs. After the thermal treatment, the odd-even effect becomes much weaker.
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Shin K, Heo Y, Park H, Chang S, Rhee B. Development of Metal Plate with Internal Structure Utilizing the Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Process. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:5878-92. [PMID: 28788427 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on making a double-sided metal plate with an internal structure, such as honeycomb. The stainless steel powder was used in the metal injection molding (MIM) process. The preliminary studies were carried out for the measurement of the viscosity of the stainless steel feedstock and for the prediction of the filling behavior through Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation. PE (high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE)) and polypropylene (PP) resins were used to make the sacrificed insert with a honeycomb structure using a plastic injection molding process. Additionally, these sacrificed insert parts were inserted in the metal injection mold, and the metal injection molding process was carried out to build a green part with rectangular shape. Subsequently, debinding and sintering processes were adopted to remove the sacrificed polymer insert. The insert had a suitable rigidity that was able to endure the filling pressure. The core shift analysis was conducted to predict the deformation of the insert part. The 17-4PH feedstock with a low melting temperature was applied. The glass transition temperature of the sacrificed polymer insert would be of a high grade, and this insert should be maintained during the MIM process. Through these processes, a square metal plate with a honeycomb structure was made.
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Hemelrijk CK, Hildenbrandt H. Schools of fish and flocks of birds: their shape and internal structure by self-organization. Interface Focus 2012; 2:726-37. [PMID: 24312726 PMCID: PMC3499122 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of self-organization have proved useful in revealing what processes may underlie characteristics of swarms. In this study, we review model-based explanations for aspects of the shape and internal structure of groups of fish and of birds travelling undisturbed (without predator threat). Our models attribute specific collective traits to locomotory properties. Fish slow down to avoid collisions and swim at a constant depth, whereas birds fly at low variability of speed and lose altitude during turning. In both the models of fish and birds, the 'bearing angle' to the nearest neighbour emerges as a side-effect of the 'blind angle' behind individuals and when group size becomes larger, temporary subgroups may increase the complexity of group shape and internal structure. We discuss evidence for model-based predictions and provide a list of new predictions to be tested empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte K. Hemelrijk
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-Organisation, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Centre for Life Sciences, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The language of personality traits includes single-word trait descriptors, and longer phrases or sentences. Evidence has accumulated that abstract, semantic relationships among single words have the same underlying structure as the empirical relationships when words are applied to individuals. The present study examines whether these two kinds of structure are also isomorphic for longer trait descriptors. Empirical descriptions and judgements of semantic similarity were collected among the descriptors comprising the California Child Q-set, or CCQ, and analysed with multidimensional scaling. Canonical correlation showed the solutions to be closely related to one another, and to independent sets of ratings available for the CCQ items. Informants' similarity judgements were not affected by the context in which they were made. The dominant dimensions of the solutions reproduce dimensions found previously for the single-word personality lexicon, indicating the two trait-descriptive languages to be closely parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bimler
- School of Arts, Development and Health Education, MUCE, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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