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Mindukshev I, Sudnitsyna J, Goncharov NV, Skverchinskaya E, Dobrylko I, Nikitina E, Krivchenko AI, Gambaryan S. Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:29. [PMID: 33669436 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) on a treadmill to investigate the effects of low-dose AMP on the physical exercise capacity of professional track and field athletes and tested twenty-five athletes. Because of the individual differences between athletes, we performed a preliminary treadmill test (Pre-test) and, according to the results, the athletes were randomly allocated into the AMP and control (placebo, PL) group based on the similarity of the total distance covered on a treadmill. In the AMP group, the covered distance increased (11.3 ± 3.6%, p < 0.02) compared to Pre-test. Similarly, AMP significantly increased O2 uptake volume—VO2 (4.6 ± 2.3%, p < 0.03) and pulmonary CO2 output—VCO2 (8.7 ± 2.8%, p < 0.01). Further, the basic blood parameters (pH, pO2, and lactate) shift was lower despite the greater physical exercise progress in the AMP group compared to Pre-test, whereas in the placebo group there were no differences between Pre-test and Load-test. Importantly, the AMP significantly increased red blood cell count (6.8 ± 2.0%, p < 0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (5.3 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), which might explain the beneficial effects in physical exercise progress. For the first time, we showed that low-dose AMP had clear beneficial effects on submaximal PE.
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Wang H, Wu W, Duan J, Ma M, Kong W, Ke Y, Li G, Zheng J. Cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning in rats involves upregulating adiponectin. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:155-165. [PMID: 28219936 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and adiponectin (APN) are cardioprotective in many cardiovascular disorders. However, whether APN mediates the effect of IPC on myocardial injury has not been elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate whether IPC affects myocardial ischemic injury by increasing APN expression. Male adult rats with cardiac knockdowns of APN and its receptors via intramyocardial small-interfering RNA injection were subjected to IPC and then myocardial infarction (MI) at 24 h after IPC. Globular APN (gAd) was injected at 10 min before MI. APN mRNA and protein levels in myocardium as well as the plasma APN concentration were markedly high at 6 and 12 h after IPC. IPC ameliorated myocardial injury as evidenced by improved cardiac functions and a reduced infarct size. Compared with the control MI group, rats in the IPC + MI group had elevated levels of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening and a smaller MI size (P < 0.05). However, the aforementioned protective effects were ameliorated in the absence of APN and APN receptors, followed by the inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, but reversed by gAd treatment in wild-type rats, and AMPK phosphorylation increased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of IPC are partially due to upregulation of APN and provide a further insight into IPC-mediated signaling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of CardiologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Intensive Care UnitChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Plastic and CosmetologyBeijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuannan Ke
- Department of CardiologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Intensive Care UnitChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of CardiologyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ni J, Lu H, Lu X, Jiang M, Peng Q, Ren C, Xiang J, Mei C, Li J. The evolving concept of physiological ischemia training vs. ischemia preconditioning. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:445-50. [PMID: 26664354 PMCID: PMC4662205 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of death with increasing numbers of patients worldwide. Despite advances in revascularization techniques, angiogenic therapies remain highly attractive. Physiological ischemia training, which is first proposed in our laboratory, refers to reversible ischemia training of normal skeletal muscles by using a tourniquet or isometric contraction to cause physiologic ischemia for about 4 weeks for the sake of triggering molecular and cellular mechanisms to promote angiogenesis and formation of collateral vessels and protect remote ischemia areas. Physiological ischemia training therapy augments angiogenesis in the ischemic myocardium by inducing differential expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell migration, protein folding, and generation. It upregulates the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, and induces angiogenesis, protects the myocardium when infarction occurs by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells and enhancing their migration, which is in accordance with physical training in heart disease rehabilitation. These findings may lead to a new approach of therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with ischemic heart diseases. On the basis of the promising results in animal studies, studies were also conducted in patients with coronary artery disease without any adverse effect in vivo, indicating that physiological ischemia training therapy is a safe, effective and non-invasive angiogenic approach for cardiovascular rehabilitation. Preconditioning is considered to be the most protective intervention against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury to date. Physiological ischemia training is different from preconditioning. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical data of physiological ischemia training and its difference from preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 , China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- The Second People's Hospital , Nantong, Jiangsu 226002 , China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 , China
| | - Qingyun Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 , China
| | - Caili Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Chengyao Mei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 , China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 , China
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Rossello X, Hall AR, Bell RM, Yellon DM. Characterization of the Langendorff Perfused Isolated Mouse Heart Model of Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion Length on Infarct Size and LDH Release. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:286-95. [PMID: 26353758 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415604462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Langendorff perfused isolated mouse heart model is commonly used to assess the efficacy of cardioprotective therapies, although the duration of ischemia and reperfusion vary considerably between different laboratories. We aimed to provide a thorough characterization of the model with different durations of ischemia and reperfusion by means of 2 different end points-infarct size (IS) using triphenyltetrazolium staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. METHODS C57/BL6 mice hearts were retrograde perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and allocated into 9 groups in a 3 × 3 factorial design-3 ischemic durations (25, 35, and 45 minutes) matched by 3 reperfusion durations (60, 120, and 180 minutes). A protocol of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was applied to investigate IS and LDH kinetics with different ischemic durations. RESULTS Infarct size progressively increased with the duration of both ischemia and reperfusion and was found to be independently associated with both determinants. In terms of LDH release kinetics, a peak was observed within the first 10 to 15 minutes of reperfusion and steadily declined thereafter, although a second smaller peak was observed in the 25-minute ischemia group. Only LDH peak release was associated with the ischemia length, with area under the curve (AUC) failing to follow ischemic duration. Interestingly, while IPC reduced IS in all ischemic durations investigated, a significant attenuation of LDH AUC was only observed in the 25-minute index ischemia group. Only a moderately positive correlation was observed between IS and LDH peak (R = .547, P = .006) and AUC (R = .664, P < .001). CONCLUSION Myocardial IS measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining depends on both the duration of ischemia and the length of the reperfusion period. The LDH assessment may not be the most reliable tool to assess IS and/or to examine cardioprotective effectiveness at various times of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Chai Q, Liu J, Hu Y. Cardioprotective effect of remote preconditioning of trauma and remote ischemia preconditioning in a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1745-1750. [PMID: 26136887 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemia preconditioning (RIPC) and remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT) are two methods used to induce a cardioprotective function against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the underlying mechanisms of these two methods differ. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotective function of the two methods, and also observe whether combining RIPC with RPCT enhanced the protective effect. In total, 70 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included the sham, control, RIPC + RPCT, RPCT and RIPC groups. With the exception of the sham group, all the rats were subjected to myocardial IRI through the application of 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery and 180 min reperfusion. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, myocardial infarct size (IS) and the cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (AI) were assessed. The levels of serum cTnI were lower in the experimental groups when compared with the control group (control, 58.59±12.50 pg/ml; RIPC + RPCT, 46.05±8.62 pg/ml; RPCT, 45.98±11.24 pg/ml; RIPC, 43.46±5.05 pg/ml; P<0.05, vs. control), and similar results were observed for the myocardial IS (control, 48.34±6.79%; RIPC + RPCT, 29.64±4.51%; RPCT, 29.05±8.51%; RIPC, 27.72±6.27%; P<0.05, vs. control) and the AI (control, 31.75±10.65%; RIPC + RPCT, 18.32±9.30%; RPCT, 18.51±9.26%; RIPC, 20.41±3.86%; P<0.05, vs. control). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three experimental groups (P>0.05). Therefore, RIPC and RPCT exhibit cardioprotective effects when used alone or in combination. However, a combination of RIPC and RPCT does not enhance the cardioprotective effect observed with the application of either single method. Therefore, for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, RIPC was considered to be unnecessary, while for patients undergoing other types of non-cardiac major surgery and minimally invasive interventional surgery, RIPC may be useful. In addition, patients with embolism diseases are also liable to IRI when reperfusion treatment such as thrombolysis is conducted. Thus RIPC may also be beneficial for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chai
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Pang Y, Chai CR, Gao K, Jia XH, Kong JG, Chen XQ, Vatcher G, Chen JG, Yu ACH. Ischemia preconditioning protects astrocytes from ischemic injury through 14-3-3γ. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1507-18. [PMID: 25711139 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and new strategies are required to reduce neuronal injury and improve prognosis. Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon that protects cells from subsequent ischemic injury and might provide promising mechanisms for clinical treatment. In this study, primary astrocytes exhibited significantly less cell death than control when exposed to different durations of IPC (15, 30, 60, or 120 min). A 15-min duration was the most effective IPC to protect astrocytes from 8-hr-ischemia injury. The protective mechanisms of IPC involve the upregulation of protective proteins, including 14-3-3γ, and attenuation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ATP depletion. 14-3-3γ is an antiapoptotic intracellular protein that was significantly upregulated for up to 84 hr after IPC. In addition, IPC promoted activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/2, p38, and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. When JNK was specifically inhibited with SP600125, the upregulation of 14-3-3γ induced by IPC was almost completely abolished; however, there was no effect on ATP or MDA levels. This suggests that, even though both energy preservation and 14-3-3γ up-regulation were turned on by IPC, they were controlled by different pathways. The ERK1/2, p38, and Akt signaling pathways were not involved in the 14-3-3γ upregulation and energy preservation. These results indicate that IPC could protect astrocytes from ischemia injury by inducing 14-3-3γ and by alleviating energy depletion through different pathways, suggesting multiple protection of IPC and providing new insights into potential stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Rui Chai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Hua Jia
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ge Kong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Greg Vatcher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chai Q, Liu J. Early stage effect of ischemic preconditioning for patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafts surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:642-8. [PMID: 24948996 PMCID: PMC4048523 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.303.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During the on-pump coronary artery bypass grafts surgery, ischemia/reperfusion injury would happen. Ischemia preconditioning could increase the tolerance against subsequent ischemia and reduce the ischemia/reperfusion injury. However the clinical outcomes of the available trials were different. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2013), the Medline/PubMed and CNKI in March 2013. RevMan 5.1.6 and GRADEprofiler 3.6 were used for statistical analysis and evidence quality assessment. Heterogeneity was evaluated with significance set at P≤0.10. Results: Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included. There were no differences on in-hospital mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction morbidity between ischemia preconditioning and control groups. The heterogeneity of creatine kinase-MB level 24 hours after surgery was obvious. The differences of 72 hours area under the curve of cardiac troponin T (mean differences of -14.50, 95% confidence interval of -21.71 to -7.28) and troponin I (mean differences -181.79, 95% confidence interval of -270.07 to -93.52) after surgery were observed. Conclusions: All the 18 trails, the positive and the negative results were equal. The meta-analysis results should be interpreted with caution due to limited effective data. Because of high cost-effectiveness, ischemia preconditioning could not be denied completely. Large-scale randomized studies are needed, with the operation procedures and included criteria being more specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chai
- Qing Chai, PhD, Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Jin Liu, MD, Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
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