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Yamaguchi AC, Trejo LH, Shih HJS, Ortiz-Weissberg D, Kulig K. Lower-Extremity Energetic Distribution During Rate-Controlled Ballet Jumps (Sautés) in Healthy Dancers. J Appl Biomech 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38176401 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dancers frequently perform jumps in the context of a prolonged, continuous dance piece. The purpose of this study is to explore the lower-extremity energetics in healthy dancers performing repetitive dance jumps (sautés) before and after typical dance-specific choreography. Lower-extremity kinetic data were collected from 14 healthy female dancers during a series of sautés performed before and after 3 minutes of dance. Percent contributions of the lower-extremity joints to the whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure during ground contact were calculated. The jumps performed at the beginning were compared with the jumps at the end of the dance choreography. Dancers maintained the jump rate and consistent whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure between the jump series. As expected, for both jump series, the sautés had greater relative energetic contribution from the ankle and knee as compared with lesser contribution from the hip and toe. However, we observed lesser contribution from the knee and greater contribution from the hip after a 3-minute dance. After performing typical dance choreography, the dancers demonstrated a distal to proximal redistribution of individual joints' contribution to whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Yamaguchi
- Therapy and Wellness Center, Adventist Health Glendale Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey H Trejo
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hai-Jung Steffi Shih
- Neurorehabilitation Research Laboratory, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Ortiz-Weissberg
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kornelia Kulig
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Andreassen TE, Laz PJ, Erdemir A, Besier TF, Halloran JP, Imhauser CW, Chokhandre S, Schwartz A, Nohouji NA, Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Elmasry S, Zaylor W, Hume DR, Shelburne KB. Deciphering the "Art" in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Assessing Model Calibration Workflows and Outcomes. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:121008. [PMID: 37796636 PMCID: PMC10777499 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Model reproducibility is a point of emphasis for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and in science, broadly. As the use of computational modeling in biomechanics and orthopedics grows, so does the need to assess the reproducibility of modeling workflows and simulation predictions. The long-term goal of the KneeHub project is to understand the influence of potentially subjective decisions, thus the modeler's "art", on the reproducibility and predictive uncertainty of computational knee joint models. In this paper, we report on the model calibration phase of this project, during which five teams calibrated computational knee joint models of the same specimens from the same specimen-specific joint mechanics dataset. We investigated model calibration approaches and decisions, and compared calibration workflows and model outcomes among the teams. The selection of the calibration targets used in the calibration workflow differed greatly between the teams and was influenced by modeling decisions related to the representation of structures, and considerations for computational cost and implementation of optimization. While calibration improved model performance, differences in the postcalibration ligament properties and predicted kinematics were quantified and discussed in the context of modeling decisions. Even for teams with demonstrated expertise, model calibration is difficult to foresee and plan in detail, and the results of this study underscore the importance of identification and standardization of best practices for data sharing and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor E. Andreassen
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Peter J. Laz
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thor F. Besier
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jason P. Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99164
| | - Carl W. Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Snehal Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Nynke B. Rooks
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco T. Y. Schneider
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - William Zaylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Donald R. Hume
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
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O'Rourke D, Bucci F, Burton WS, Al-Dirini R, Taylor M, Martelli S. Determining the relationship between tibiofemoral geometry and passive motion with partial least squares regression. J Orthop Res 2023. [PMID: 36722422 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tibiofemoral geometry influences knee passive motion and understanding their relationship can provide insight into knee function and mechanisms of injury. However, the complexity of the geometric constraints has made characterizing the relationship challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the tibiofemoral bone geometries that explain the variation in passive motion using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. The PLSR model was developed for 29 healthy cadaver specimens (10 female, 19 male) with femur and tibia geometries retrieved from MRI images and six degree-of-freedom tibiofemoral kinematics determined during a flexion cycle with minimal medial pressure. The first 13 partial least squares (PLS) components explained 90% of the variation in the kinematics and accounted for 89% of the variation in geometry. The first three PLS components which shared geometric changes to particular surface congruencies of the tibial and femoral condyles explained the most amount of variation in the kinematics, primarily in anterior-posterior translation. Meanwhile, variations in femoral condyle width and the intercondylar space, tibia plateau size and conformity, and tibia eminences heights in PLS 2 and 4 explained the greatest amount of variation in internal-external rotation. PLS 4 exhibiting variation in overall size of the knee accounted for greatest amount of variation in geometry (50%) and had the greatest influence on the abduction-adduction motion and some on internal-external rotation but, overall, explained only a small proportion of the kinematics (10%). Elucidating the complex relationship between tibiofemoral bone geometry and passive kinematics may help personalize treatments for improved functional outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot O'Rourke
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francesca Bucci
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William S Burton
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Rami Al-Dirini
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Taylor
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saulo Martelli
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Han SW, Sawatsky A, Herzog W. The Nonintuitive Contributions of Individual Quadriceps Muscles to Patellar Tracking. J Appl Biomech 2022;:1-9. [PMID: 35894982 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2021-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the contribution of the individual quadriceps muscles to patellar tracking. The individual and/or combined quadriceps muscles were activated in rabbits (n = 6) during computer-controlled flexion/extension of the knee. Three-dimensional patellar tracking was measured for the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris when activated alone and when activated simultaneously at different frequencies, producing a range of knee extensor torques. Patellar tracking changed substantially as a function of knee extensor torque and differed between muscles. Specifically, when all quadriceps muscles were activated simultaneously, the patella shifted more medially and proximally and rotated and tilted more medially compared with when vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were activated alone (P < .05), whereas vastus medialis activation alone produced a similar tracking pattern to that observed when all quadriceps muscles were activated simultaneously. Furthermore, patellar tracking for a given muscle condition shifted more medially and proximally and rotated and tilted more medially with increasing knee extensor torques across the entire range of knee joint angles. The authors conclude that patellar tracking depends crucially on knee extensor force/torque and that vastus medialis affects patellar tracking in a distinctly different way than vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, which produce similar tracking patterns.
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Ludvig D, Whitmore MW, Perreault EJ. Leveraging Joint Mechanics Simplifies the Neural Control of Movement. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:802608. [PMID: 35387200 PMCID: PMC8978895 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.802608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviors we perform each day, such as manipulating an object or walking, require precise control of the interaction forces between our bodies and the environment. These forces are generated by muscle contractions, specified by the nervous system, and by joint mechanics, determined by the intrinsic properties of the musculoskeletal system. Depending on behavioral goals, joint mechanics might simplify or complicate control of movement by the nervous system. Whether humans can exploit joint mechanics to simplify neural control remains unclear. Here we evaluated if leveraging joint mechanics simplifies neural control by comparing performance in three tasks that required subjects to generate specified torques about the ankle during imposed sinusoidal movements; only one task required torques that could be generated by leveraging the intrinsic mechanics of the joint. The complexity of the neural control was assessed by subjects' perceived difficulty and the resultant task performance. We developed a novel approach that used continuous estimates of ankle impedance, a quantitative description of the joint mechanics, and measures of muscle activity to determine the mechanical and neural contributions to the net ankle torque generated in each task. We found that the torque resulting from changes in neural control was reduced when ankle impedance was consistent with the task being performed. Subjects perceived this task to be easier than those that were not consistent with the impedance of the ankle and were able to perform it with the highest level of consistency across repeated trials. These results demonstrate that leveraging the mechanical properties of a joint can simplify task completion and improve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ludvig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mariah W. Whitmore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eric J. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Myers CA, Huff DN, Mason JB, Rullkoetter PJ. Effect of intraoperative treatment options on hip joint stability following total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:604-613. [PMID: 33928682 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dislocation remains the leading indication for revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective of this study was to use a computational model to compare the overall resistance to both anterior and posterior dislocation for the available THA constructs commonly considered by surgeons attempting to produce a stable joint. Patient-specific musculoskeletal models of THA patients performing activities consistent with anterior and posterior dislocation were developed to calculate joint contact forces and joint positions used for simulations of dislocation in a finite element model of the implanted hip that included an experimentally calibrated hip capsule representation. Dislocations were then performed with consideration of offset using +5 and +9 offset, iteratively with three lipped liner variations in jump distance (10°, 15°, and 20° lips), a size 40 head, and a dual-mobility construct. Dislocation resistance was quantified as the moment required to dislocate the hip and the integral of the moment-flexion angle (dislocation energy). Increasing head diameter increased resistive moment on average for anterior and posterior dislocation by 22% relative to a neutral configuration. A lipped liner resulted in increases in the resistive moment to posterior dislocation of 9%, 19%, and 47% for 10°, 15°, and 20° lips, a sensitivity of approximately 2.8 Nm/mm of additional jump distance. A dual-mobility acetabular design resulted in an average 38% increase in resistive moment and 92% increase in dislocation energy for anterior and posterior dislocation. A quantitative understanding of tradeoffs in the dislocation risk inherent to THA construct options is valuable in supporting surgical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Myers
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - J Bohannon Mason
- OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J Rullkoetter
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Deng L, Yang Y, Yang C, Fang Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Fu W. Compression Garments Reduce Soft Tissue Vibrations and Muscle Activations during Drop Jumps: An Accelerometry Evaluation. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:5644. [PMID: 34451085 DOI: 10.3390/s21165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the effects of wearing compression garments on joint mechanics, soft tissue vibration and muscle activities during drop jumps. Methods: Twelve healthy male athletes were recruited to execute drop jumps from heights of 30, 45 and 60 cm whilst wearing compression shorts (CS) and control shorts (CON). Sagittal plane kinematics, ground reaction forces, accelerations of the quadriceps femoris (QF), hamstrings (HM) and shoe heel-cup, and electromyography images of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) were collected. Results: Compared with wearing CON, wearing CS significantly reduced the QF peak acceleration at 45 and 60 cm and the HM peak acceleration at 30 cm. Wearing CS significantly increased the damping coefficient for QF and HM at 60 cm compared with wearing CON. Moreover, the peak transmissibility when wearing CS was significantly lower than that when wearing CON for all soft tissue compartments and heights, except for QF at 30 cm. Wearing CS reduced the RF activity during the pre-, post-, and eccentric activations for all heights and concentric activations at 45 cm; it also reduced the BF activity during post- and eccentric activations at 30 and 60 cm, respectively. The hip and knee joint moments and power or jump height were unaffected by the garment type. Conclusion: Applying external compression can reduce soft tissue vibrations without compromising neuromuscular performance during strenuous physical activities that involve exposure to impact-induced vibrations.
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Wheatley MGA, Clouthier AL, Thelen DG, Rainbow MJ. Patella Apex Influences Patellar Ligament Forces and Ratio. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1109464. [PMID: 34008841 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between three-dimensional shape and patellofemoral mechanics is complicated. The Wiberg patella classification is a method of distinguishing shape differences in the axial plane of the patella that can be used to connect shape differences to observed mechanics. This study uses the Wiberg patella classification to differentiate variance in a statistical shape model describing changes in patella morphology and height. We investigate how patella morphology influences force distribution within the patellofemoral joint. The Wiberg type I patella has a more symmetrical medial and lateral facet while the type III patella has a larger lateral facet compared to medial. The second principal component of the statistical shape model described shape variation that qualitatively resembled the different Wiberg patellas. We generated patellofemoral morphologies from the statistical shape model and integrated them into a musculoskeletal model with a twelve degrees-of-freedom knee. We simulated an overground walking trial with these morphologies and recorded patellofemoral mechanics and ligament forces. An increase in patellar ligament force corresponded with an increase in patella height. Wiberg type III patellas had a sharper patella apex which related to lower ratios of quadriceps tendon forces to patellar ligament forces. The change in pivot point of the patella affects the ratio of forces as well as the patellofemoral reaction force. This study provides a better understanding of how patella morphology affects fundamental patella mechanics which may help identify at-risk populations for pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G A Wheatley
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - Allison L Clouthier
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Darryl G Thelen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6, Canada
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Howe L, S North J, Waldron M, Bampouras TM. Restrictions in Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion Alter Landing Kinematics But Not Movement Strategy When Fatigued. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:911-9. [PMID: 33571960 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM) has been associated with a number of kinematic and kinetic variables associated with landing performance that increase injury risk. However, whether exercise-induced fatigue exacerbates compensatory strategies has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES (1) Explore differences in landing performance between individuals with restricted and normal ankle DF ROM and (2) identify the effect of fatigue on compensations in landing strategies for individuals with restricted and normal ankle DF ROM. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve recreational athletes with restricted ankle DF ROM (restricted group) and 12 recreational athletes with normal ankle DF ROM (normal group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The participants performed 5 bilateral drop-landings, before and following a fatiguing protocol. Normalized peak vertical ground reaction force, time to peak vertical ground reaction force, and loading rate were calculated, alongside sagittal plane initial contact angles, peak angles, and joint displacement for the ankle, knee, and hip. Frontal plane projection angles were also calculated. RESULTS At the baseline, the restricted group landed with significantly less knee flexion (P = .005, effect size [ES] = 1.27) at initial contact and reduced peak ankle dorsiflexion (P < .001, ES = 1.67), knee flexion (P < .001, ES = 2.18), and hip-flexion (P = .033, ES = 0.93) angles. Sagittal plane joint displacement was also significantly less for the restricted group for the ankle (P < .001, ES = 1.78), knee (P < .001, ES = 1.78), and hip (P = .028, ES = 0.96) joints. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individuals with restricted ankle DF ROM should adopt different landing strategies than those with normal ankle DF ROM. This is exacerbated when fatigued, although the functional consequences of fatigue on landing mechanics in individuals with ankle DF ROM restriction are unclear.
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Alessandro C, Barroso FO, Prashara A, Tentler DP, Yeh HY, Tresch MC. Coordination amongst quadriceps muscles suggests neural regulation of internal joint stresses, not simplification of task performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8135-42. [PMID: 32205442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916578117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated covariation between muscle activations during behavior, suggesting that muscles are not controlled independently. According to one common proposal, this covariation reflects simplification of task performance by the nervous system so that muscles with similar contributions to task variables are controlled together. Alternatively, this covariation might reflect regulation of low-level aspects of movements that are common across tasks, such as stresses within joints. We examined these issues by analyzing covariation patterns in quadriceps muscle activity during locomotion in rats. The three monoarticular quadriceps muscles (vastus medialis [VM], vastus lateralis [VL], and vastus intermedius [VI]) produce knee extension and so have identical contributions to task performance; the biarticular rectus femoris (RF) produces an additional hip flexion. Consistent with the proposal that muscle covariation is related to similarity of muscle actions on task variables, we found that the covariation between VM and VL was stronger than their covariations with RF. However, covariation between VM and VL was also stronger than their covariations with VI. Since all vastii have identical actions on task variables, this finding suggests that covariation between muscle activity is not solely driven by simplification of overt task performance. Instead, the preferentially strong covariation between VM and VL is consistent with the control of internal joint stresses: Since VM and VL produce opposing mediolateral forces on the patella, the high positive correlation between their activation minimizes the net mediolateral patellar force. These results provide important insights into the interpretation of muscle covariations and their role in movement control.
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Gurchiek RD, Cheney N, McGinnis RS. Estimating Biomechanical Time-Series with Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Techniques. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5227. [PMID: 31795151 PMCID: PMC6928851 DOI: 10.3390/s19235227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have the potential to enable comprehensive patient characterization and optimized clinical intervention. Critical to realizing this vision is accurate estimation of biomechanical time-series in daily-life, including joint, segment, and muscle kinetics and kinematics, from wearable sensor data. The use of physical models for estimation of these quantities often requires many wearable devices making practical implementation more difficult. However, regression techniques may provide a viable alternative by allowing the use of a reduced number of sensors for estimating biomechanical time-series. Herein, we review 46 articles that used regression algorithms to estimate joint, segment, and muscle kinematics and kinetics. We present a high-level comparison of the many different techniques identified and discuss the implications of our findings concerning practical implementation and further improving estimation accuracy. In particular, we found that several studies report the incorporation of domain knowledge often yielded superior performance. Further, most models were trained on small datasets in which case nonparametric regression often performed best. No models were open-sourced, and most were subject-specific and not validated on impaired populations. Future research should focus on developing open-source algorithms using complementary physics-based and machine learning techniques that are validated in clinically impaired populations. This approach may further improve estimation performance and reduce barriers to clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed D. Gurchiek
- M-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Nick Cheney
- Dept. of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Ryan S. McGinnis
- M-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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Zhang X, Xia R, Dai B, Sun X, Fu W. Effects of Exercise-Induced Fatigue on Lower Extremity Joint Mechanics, Stiffness, and Energy Absorption during Landings. J Sports Sci Med 2018; 17:640-649. [PMID: 30479533 PMCID: PMC6243627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two fatigue protocols on lower-limb joint mechanics, stiffness and energy absorption during drop landings. Fifteen male athletes completed landing tasks before and after two fatigue protocols (constant speed running [R-FP] and repeated shuttle sprint plus vertical jump [SJ-FP]). Sagittal plane lower-limb kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded. Compared with R-FP, SJ-FP required significantly less intervention time to produce a fatigue state. The ranges of motion (RoM) of the hip were significantly greater when the athletes were fatigued for both protocols. Knee RoM significantly increased after SJ-FP but not after R-FP (p > 0.05), whereas the RoM of the ankle was significantly greater after R-FP but lower after SJ-FP. When fatigued, the first peak knee extension moment was significantly greater in R-FP but lower in SJ-FP; the second peak ankle plantar flexion moment was lower, regardless of protocols. After fatigue, vertical, hip, and knee stiffness was lower, and more energy was absorbed at the hip and knee for both protocols. Hip and knee extensors played a crucial role in altering movement control strategies to maintain similar impact forces and to dissipate more energy through a flexed landing posture when fatigued compared to when non-fatigued. Furthermore, SJ-FP seems to be a more efficient method to induce fatigue due to less intervention time than R-FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xini Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rui Xia
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Boyi Dai
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82070, WY, USA
| | - Xiaole Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Dunham CL, Castile RM, Havlioglu N, Chamberlain AM, Galatz LM, Lake SP. Persistent motion loss after free joint mobilization in a rat model of post-traumatic elbow contracture. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:611-618. [PMID: 28081997 PMCID: PMC5502529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC) in the elbow is a challenging clinical problem due to the anatomical and biomechanical complexity of the elbow joint. METHODS We previously established an animal model to study elbow PTJC, wherein surgically induced soft tissue damage, followed by 6 weeks of unilateral immobilization in Long-Evans rats, led to stiffened and contracted joints that exhibited features similar to the human condition. In this study, after 6 weeks of immobilization, we remobilized the animal (ie, external bandage removed and free cage activity) for an additional 6 weeks, after which the limbs were evaluated mechanically and histologically. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether this decreased joint motion would persist after 6 weeks of free mobilization (FM). RESULTS After FM, flexion-extension demonstrated decreased total range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone length, and increased ROM midpoint for injured limbs compared with control and contralateral limbs. Specifically, after FM total ROM demonstrated a significant decrease of approximately 22% and 26% compared with control and contralateral limbs for injury I (anterior capsulotomy) and injury II (anterior capsulotomy with lateral collateral ligament transection), respectively. Histologic evaluation showed increased adhesion, fibrosis, and thickness of the capsule tissue in the injured limbs after FM compared with control and contralateral limbs, which is consistent with patterns previously reported in human tissue. CONCLUSION Even with FM, injured limbs in this model demonstrate persistent joint motion loss and histologic results similar to the human condition. Future work will use this animal model to investigate the mechanisms responsible for PTJC and responses to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey L. Dunham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ryan M. Castile
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Necat Havlioglu
- Department of Pathology, John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Leesa M. Galatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Spencer P. Lake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO,Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO,Corresponding Author: Spencer P. Lake, Ph.D., 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, MO 63130,
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14
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Kim HM, Roush EP, Kiser C. Intraoperative fluoroscopic assessment of proper prosthetic radial head height. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016; 25:1874-1881. [PMID: 27364146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting a properly sized radial head prosthesis is imperative during radial head replacement. Although there has been much emphasis on avoiding overlengthening of the radius, little has been studied about how to avoid shortening. The purpose of this study was to characterize how a radial head replacement appears on intraoperative fluoroscopy depending on the height of the prosthetic radial head. METHODS Articular cartilage thickness of the radial head was measured in 9 cadaveric elbows. Radial head replacement was performed in each specimen with 4 different prosthetic head heights: 4 mm and 2 mm shortening, anatomic, and 2 mm overlengthening. Anteroposterior fluoroscopic images were obtained for each head height, and the prosthetic radial head height was measured at 3 forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation) using the subchondral bone of the lateral edge of the coronoid at the reference point. RESULTS The mean cartilage thickness of the radial head was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm. The prosthetic radial head appeared 2.2 ± 0.4 mm more proximal than the subchondral bone of the coronoid lateral edge in anteroposterior radiographs when the articular surface of the prosthesis was completely even with the coronoid articular surface. Unlike the native radial head, a prosthetic radial head showed a significant change of height with different forearm rotation (P < .001). DISCUSSION This study found that a perfectly anatomic radial head replacement appears overlengthened by approximately 2 mm in intraoperative radiographs. This finding can be useful in guiding the appropriate height of a prosthetic radial head.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mike Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Evan P Roush
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Casey Kiser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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15
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Smoger LM, Fitzpatrick CK, Clary CW, Cyr AJ, Maletsky LP, Rullkoetter PJ, Laz PJ. Statistical modeling to characterize relationships between knee anatomy and kinematics. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1620-30. [PMID: 25991502 PMCID: PMC4591110 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanics of the knee are complex and dependent on the shape of the articular surfaces and their relative alignment. Insight into how anatomy relates to kinematics can establish biomechanical norms, support the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies (e.g., patellar maltracking) and inform implant design. Prior studies have used correlations to identify anatomical measures related to specific motions. The objective of this study was to describe relationships between knee anatomy and tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) kinematics using a statistical shape and function modeling approach. A principal component (PC) analysis was performed on a 20-specimen dataset consisting of shape of the bone and cartilage for the femur, tibia and patella derived from imaging and six-degree-of-freedom TF and PF kinematics from cadaveric testing during a simulated squat. The PC modes characterized links between anatomy and kinematics; the first mode captured scaling and shape changes in the condylar radii and their influence on TF anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation, and the location of the femoral lowest point. Subsequent modes described relations in patella shape and alta/baja alignment impacting PF kinematics. The complex interactions described with the data-driven statistical approach provide insight into knee mechanics that is useful clinically and in implant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell M. Smoger
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Chadd W. Clary
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA,DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA
| | - Adam J. Cyr
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J. Laz
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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16
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Uyeno TA, Kier WM. The structure and function of a muscle articulation-type jaw joint of a polychaete worm. J Morphol 2014; 276:403-14. [PMID: 25503370 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of the musculature and the fibers of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the flexible jaw joint of the sandworm Alitta virens (Annelida, Polychaeta) was studied using dissection and histology. The jaws are capable of a wide range of motions principally related to defense and feeding. The left and right jaws are embedded in and moved by a compact pharyngeal bulb of muscle and ECM that also forms the mouth and esophagus. Eight pharyngeal bulbs were removed and dissected to document gross anatomical features or preserved and embedded in plastic for sectioning in multiple planes. The sections were stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin to differentiate muscle and ECM. The sections were then digitized and used to develop a three-dimensional computer illustration. We hypothesize that the muscle and fibers in the ECM are arranged as a muscular hydrostat to support the movement of the jaws. Four specimens were recorded using a digital video camera and a tank with an angled mirror to record lateral and ventral views of jaw movements during locomotion and biting associated with burrow guarding and feeding. Frame by frame kinematic analysis of this video showed that the jaws move symmetrically in a roughly horizontal plane. Although the angle between the jaws increases and then decreases after maximum gape has been reached, the jaws also translate relative to each other such that the axis of rotation is not fixed. Together, these functional morphological and behavioral data identify the jaw mechanism as a flexible joint known as a muscle articulation. As muscle articulations have been previously described only in the beaks of cephalopods and flatworms, this study implies that this type of joint is more common and important than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Uyeno
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599 3280
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17
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Fantini Pagani CH, Willwacher S, Benker R, Brüggemann GP. Effect of an ankle-foot orthosis on knee joint mechanics: a novel conservative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Prosthet Orthot Int 2014; 38:481-91. [PMID: 24327668 DOI: 10.1177/0309364613513297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several conservative treatments for medial knee osteoarthritis such as knee orthosis and laterally wedged insoles have been shown to reduce the load in the medial knee compartment. However, those treatments also present limitations such as patient compliance and inconsistent results regarding the treatment success. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of an ankle-foot orthosis on the knee adduction moment and knee joint alignment in the frontal plane in subjects with knee varus alignment. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study, repeated measurements. METHODS In total, 14 healthy subjects with knee varus alignment were analyzed in five different conditions: without orthotic, with laterally wedged insoles, and with an ankle-foot orthosis in three different adjustments. Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic data were collected during gait analysis. RESULTS Significant decreases in knee adduction moment, knee lever arm, and joint alignment in the frontal plane were observed with the ankle-foot orthosis in all three different adjustments. No significant differences could be found in any parameter while using the laterally wedged insoles. CONCLUSION The ankle-foot orthosis was effective in reducing the knee adduction moment. The decreases in this parameter seem to be achieved by changing the knee joint alignment and thereby reducing the knee lever arm in the frontal plane. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study presents a novel approach for reducing the load in the medial knee compartment, which could be developed as a new treatment option for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita Benker
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gert-Peter Brüggemann
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Abraham AC, Villegas DF, Kaufman KR, Donahue TLH. Internal pressure of human meniscal root attachments during loading. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1507-13. [PMID: 23775981 PMCID: PMC3902857 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the internal fluid pressure of human cadaver meniscal root attachments. A pressure micro-sensor was implanted inside each attachment site. Tibiofemoral joints were compressed to 2× body weight at various flexion angles and pressure recorded for 20 min. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was then transected and joints retested. Lastly, a longitudinal incision of the lateral posterior (LP) horn was made and the joint retested. Ramp pressure was defined as the pressure when 2× body weight was reached, and equilibrium pressure was recorded at the end of the hold period. The medial posterior (MP) attachment was subjected to greater ramp pressure than the medial anterior (p = 0.002) and greater equilibrium pressure than all other root attachment sites (p < 0.001). Flexion angle had a significant effect on pressure as full extension was greatest at ramp (p = 0.040). Transection of the ACL decreased ramp pressure in the LP attachment (p = 0.025) and increased equilibrium pressure (p = 0.031) in the MP attachment. The results suggest that repair strategies should be developed which reconstruct the MP attachments to be sufficient to withstand large pressures. Furthermore, since meniscal pressure is highest at full extension, this fact should be considered when prescribing rehabilitation following repair of an attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Abraham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Diego F. Villegas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778
| | - Kenton R. Kaufman
- Biomechanics and Motion Analysis Lab, Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 59905
| | - Tammy L. Haut Donahue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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19
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Johnson JE, Lee P, McIff TE, Toby EB, Fischer KJ. Scapholunate ligament injury adversely alters in vivo wrist joint mechanics: an MRI-based modeling study. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1455-60. [PMID: 23575966 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of scapholunate ligament injury on in vivo radiocarpal joint mechanics using image-based surface contact modeling. Magnetic resonance images of 10 injured and contralateral normal wrists were acquired at high resolution (hand relaxed) and during functional grasp. Three-dimensional surface models of the radioscaphoid and radiolunate articulations were constructed from the relaxed images, and image registration between the relaxed and grasp images provided kinematics. The displacement driven models were implemented in contact modeling software. Contact parameters were determined from interpenetration of interacting bodies and a linear contact rule. Peak and mean contact pressures, contact forces and contact areas were compared between the normal and injured wrists. Also measured were effective (direct) contact areas and intercentroid distances from the grasp images. Means of the model contact areas were within 10 mm(2) of the direct contact areas for both articulations. With injury, all contact parameters significantly increased in the radioscaphoid articulation, while only peak contact pressure and contact force significantly increased in the radiolunate articulation. Intercentroid distances also increased significantly with injury. This study provides novel in vivo contact mechanics data from scapholunate ligament injury and confirms detrimental alterations as a result of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, 3138 Learned Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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20
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Fitzpatrick CK, Clary CW, Cyr AJ, Maletsky LP, Rullkoetter PJ. Mechanics of post-cam engagement during simulated dynamic activity. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1438-46. [PMID: 23606458 PMCID: PMC3842834 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components employ a tibial post and femoral cam mechanism to guide anteroposterior knee motion in lieu of the posterior cruciate ligament. Some PS TKA patients report a clicking sensation when the post and cam engage, while severe wear and fracture of the post; we hypothesize that these complications are associated with excessive impact velocity at engagement. We evaluated the effect of implant design on engagement dynamics of the post-cam mechanism and resulting polyethylene stresses during dynamic activity. In vitro simulation of a knee bend activity was performed for four cadaveric specimens implanted with PS TKA components. Post-cam engagement velocity and flexion angle at initial contact were determined. The experimental data were used to validate computational predictions of PS mechanics using the same loading conditions. A lower limb model was subsequently utilized to compare engagement mechanics of eight TKA designs, relating differences between implants to geometric design features. Flexion angle and post-cam velocity at engagement demonstrated considerable ranges among designs (23°-89°, and 0.05-0.22 mm/°, respectively). Post-cam velocity was correlated (r = 0.89) with tibiofemoral condylar design features. Condylar geometry, in addition to post-cam geometry, played a significant role in minimizing engagement velocity and forces and stresses in the post. This analysis guides selection and design of PS implants that facilitate smooth post-cam engagement and reduce edge loading of the post.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare K Fitzpatrick
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver2390 S. York St., Denver, Colorado, 80208
| | - Chadd W Clary
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver2390 S. York St., Denver, Colorado, 80208,Experimental Joint Biomechanics Laboratory, University of KansasLawrence, Kansas,DePuy OrthopaedicsWarsaw, Indiana
| | - Adam J Cyr
- Experimental Joint Biomechanics Laboratory, University of KansasLawrence, Kansas
| | - Lorin P Maletsky
- Experimental Joint Biomechanics Laboratory, University of KansasLawrence, Kansas
| | - Paul J Rullkoetter
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver2390 S. York St., Denver, Colorado, 80208,Correspondence to: Paul J. Rullkoetter (T: 303-871-3512; F: 303-871-4450; E-mail: )
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21
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Goto R, Kumakura H. The estimated mechanical advantage of the prosimian ankle joint musculature, and implications for locomotor adaptation. J Anat 2013; 222:538-46. [PMID: 23489408 PMCID: PMC3633343 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the power arm lengths and mechanical advantages attributed to 12 lower leg muscles across three prosimian species. The origins and insertions of the lower leg muscles in Garnett's galago, the ring-tailed lemur, and the slow loris were quantified and correlated with positional behaviour. The ankle joint of the galago has a speed-oriented mechanical system, in contrast to that of the slow loris, which exhibits more power-oriented mechanics. The lemur ankle joint exhibited intermediate power arm lengths and an intermediate mechanical advantage relative to the other primates. This result suggests that the mechanical differences in the ankle between the galago and the lemur, taxa that exhibit similar locomotory repertoires, reflect a difference in the kinematics and kinetics of leaping (i.e. generalised vs. specialised leapers). In contrast to leaping primates, lorises have developed a more power-oriented mechanical system as a foot adaptation for positional behaviours such as bridging or cantilevering in their arboreal habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Goto
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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22
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Mizuno K, Andrish JT, van den Bogert AJ, McLean SG. Gender dimorphic ACL strain in response to combined dynamic 3D knee joint loading: implications for ACL injury risk. Knee 2009; 16:432-40. [PMID: 19464897 PMCID: PMC3276601 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While gender-based differences in knee joint anatomies/laxities are well documented, the potential for them to precipitate gender-dimorphic ACL loading and resultant injury risk has not been considered. To this end, we generated gender-specific models of ACL strain as a function of any six degrees of freedom (6DOF) knee joint load state via a combined cadaveric and analytical approach. Continuously varying joint forces and torques were applied to five male and five female cadaveric specimens and recorded along with synchronous knee flexion and ACL strain data. All data (approximately 10,000 samples) were submitted to specimen-specific regression analyses, affording ACL strain predictions as a function of the combined 6 DOF knee loads. Following individual model verifications, generalized gender-specific models were generated and subjected to 6 DOF external load scenarios consistent with both a clinical examination and a dynamic sports maneuver. The ensuing model-based strain predictions were subsequently examined for gender-based discrepancies. Male and female specimen-specific models predicted ACL strain within 0.51%+/-0.10% and 0.52%+/-0.07% of the measured data respectively, and explained more than 75% of the associated variance in each case. Predicted female ACL strains were also significantly larger than respective male values for both simulated 6 DOF load scenarios. Outcomes suggest that the female ACL will rupture in response to comparatively smaller external load applications. Future work must address the underlying anatomical/laxity contributions to knee joint mechanical and resultant ACL loading, ultimately affording prevention strategies that may cater to individual joint vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Mizuno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jack T. Andrish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, The Orthopaedic Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Antonie J. van den Bogert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, The Orthopaedic Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Scott G. McLean
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, Bone and Joint Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Cordova ML, Ingersoll CD, Palmieri RM. Efficacy of Prophylactic Ankle Support: An Experimental Perspective. J Athl Train 2002; 37:446-457. [PMID: 12937566 PMCID: PMC164376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the role of external ankle support on joint kinematics, joint kinetics, sensorimotor function, and functional performance. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and SPORT Discus databases from 1960-2001 for the key words ankle bracing, ankle support, ankle taping, and ankle prophylaxes. We also used personal libraries based on our own research to complement the existing literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: The effects of external ankle support have been studied on a plethora of dependent measures. Here, we specifically discuss the role of external ankle support on joint kinematics, joint kinetics, sensorimotor function, and functional performance and present a general consensus regarding the overall effects of these prophylactic devices. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: The effects of ankle support on joint kinematics during static joint assessment and on traditional functional-performance measures (ie, agility, sprint speed, vertical jump height) are well understood. However, the potential effects of ankle support on joint kinetics, joint kinematics during dynamic activity (eg, a cutting maneuver), and various sensorimotor measures are not well known. Future research investigating the role of external ankle bracing needs to focus on these areas.
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