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Liu Y, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Liu M, Li H, Zhou Y, Yang H, Lin H. Research Note: Effect of fasting time on the fasting heat production, blood metabolites, and body components of layer-type pullets. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103557. [PMID: 38417335 PMCID: PMC10907836 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting heat production (FHP) is used to assess the maintenance net energy requirement of animals. Herein, the FHP of layer-type pullets was estimated. In trial 1, 16 40-day-old Jingfen layer-type pullets were divided into 4 groups of 4 chickens and placed in 4 respiratory chambers. Pullets had free access to feed and water. After 4-d acclimatization, feed was withdrawn, and chickens were measured for FHP for 3 consecutive days. In trial 2, twenty-four 40-day-old pullets were placed in 4 respiratory calorimetry chambers, with 6 pullets per chamber. After 4-d acclimatization, one chamber was randomly selected and all pullets in the chamber was sampled at 5, 25, 50, or 65 h after feed withdrawal. The result showed that FHP declined with fasting time and reached the lowest level between 48 and 72 h. Respiratory quotient was decreased (P < 0.05) between 24 and 48 h compared with that in the first 24 h after fasting. The FHP in the light period showed a significant to decline with fasting time (P < 0.01), whereas the FHP in the dark period was decreased (P < 0.01) 24 h after fasting. Body weight, thigh mass, and abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05) at 25 h after fasting. Serum glucose were increased (P < 0.01) and while triglycerides were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) at 50 h compared with that at 5 and 25 h time point. The result suggests that the adequate measuring period for FHP for layer-type pullets is from 24 to 48 h after fasting. The FHP of 7-wk-old layer-type pullets was 562.20 kJ/kg of BW0.75/d under a 10-h light and 14-h dark lighting regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Shandong Mingjun Ecological Agriculture Technology Co, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, P. R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.
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Wang M, Lin X, Jiao H, Uyanga V, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Zhou Y, Sun S, Lin H. Mild heat stress changes the microbiota diversity in the respiratory tract and the cecum of layer-type pullets. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7015-7026. [PMID: 33248618 PMCID: PMC7704960 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to research the effects of cyclic heat environment on the microbial diversity and structure of respiratory tract and cecum of chicken. A total of 360 layer-type pullets at 11 wk of age were subjected to different temperature treatments for 10 wk: constant 22°C; cyclic temperature 22°C to 24°C, 22°C to 26°C, 22°C to 28°C, 22°C to 30°C; the ambient temperature increased from 10:00, reached the set point within 1 h, and maintained until 18:00, thereafter the temperature was restored to 22°C; and the relative humidity was maintained at 60%. The result showed that feed intake of the chickens on ambient temperature 30°C group was significantly lower than that of the chickens on ambient temperature 24°C. The white blood cell, red blood cell, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, and pecked-cell volume content were highest at 24°C on 14, 16, and 18 wk. The ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ T cells was lowest at 30°C. Meanwhile, the abundance of cecum bacteria in chickens at 30°C was lower than that at 24°C. Cyclic heat environment temperature treatment did not significantly affect the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in chicken bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels during 10 wk of trial. The diversity index analysis showed that the effect of 24°C on the cecum flora of chickens was optimal. Abundance of Firmicutes bacteria in the lung flora and cecum flora was lower at 30°C than at 24°C group. Similarly, the microorganism, Brevibacillus in the BALF was also significantly lower at 24°C. In conclusion, cyclic 24°C treatment was beneficial for the feed intake, blood routine indexes, microflora structure of the cecum, and respiratory tract in laying pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Victoria Uyanga
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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