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Dussouillez C, Lointier M, Sebane MK, Fournel S, Bechinger B, Kichler A. N-terminal modification of an LAH4-derived peptide increases mRNA delivery in the presence of serum. J Pept Sci 2024:e3597. [PMID: 38523558 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The recently developed mRNA-based coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 vaccines highlighted the great therapeutic potential of the mRNA technology. Although the lipid nanoparticles used for the delivery of the mRNA are very efficient, they showed, in some cases, the induction of side effects as well as the production of antibodies directed against particle components. Thus, the development of alternative delivery systems is of great interest in the pursuit of more effective mRNA treatments. In the present work, we evaluated the mRNA transfection capacities of a series of cationic histidine-rich amphipathic peptides derived from LAH4. We found that while the LAH4-A1 peptide was an efficient carrier for mRNA, its activity was highly serum sensitive. Interestingly, modification of this cell penetrating peptide at the N-terminus with two tyrosines or with salicylic acid allowed to confer serum resistance to the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Dussouillez
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 3BioTeam, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morane Lointier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed-Karim Sebane
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 3BioTeam, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 3BioTeam, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 3BioTeam, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Wlodarczyk J, Leng A, Abadchi SN, Shababi N, Mokhtari-Esbuie F, Gheshlaghi S, Ravari MR, Pippenger EK, Afrasiabi A, Ha J, Abraham JM, Harmon JW. Transfection of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA upregulates the expression of genes encoding angiogenic growth factors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6738. [PMID: 38509125 PMCID: PMC10954730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) has presented a new direction for ischemic preconditioning of surgical flaps to promote their survival. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of HIF-1a DNA plasmids in this application. In this study, to avoid complications associated with plasmid use, we sought to express HIF-1α through mRNA transfection and determine its biological activity by measuring the upregulation of downstream angiogenic genes. We transfected six different HIF-1a mRNAs-one predominant, three variant, and two novel mutant isoforms-into primary human dermal fibroblasts using Lipofectamine, and assessed mRNA levels using RT-qPCR. At all time points examined after transfection (3, 6, and 10 h), the levels of HIF-1α transcript were significantly higher in all HIF-1α transfected cells relative to the control (all p < 0.05, unpaired Student's T-test). Importantly, the expression of HIF-1α transcription response genes (VEGF, ANG-1, PGF, FLT1, and EDN1) was significantly higher in the cells transfected with all isoforms than with the control at six and/or ten hours post-transfection. All isoforms were transfected successfully into human fibroblast cells, resulting in the rapid upregulation of all five downstream angiogenic targets tested. These findings support the potential use of HIF-1α mRNA for protecting ischemic dermal flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Albert Leng
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sanaz Nourmohammadi Abadchi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Niloufar Shababi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Farzad Mokhtari-Esbuie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Shayan Gheshlaghi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mohsen Rouhani Ravari
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma K Pippenger
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jinny Ha
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - John M Abraham
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - John W Harmon
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Wang L, Xing H, Guo S, Cao W, Zhang Z, Huang L, Xin S, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yang J. Negatively charged phospholipids doped liposome delivery system for mRNA with high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2219869. [PMID: 37309122 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2219869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has become one of the most potential drugs in recent years. However, efficient and safe delivery of fragile and easily degradable mRNA is a major challenge. Appropriate delivery system (DS) determines the final effect of mRNA. Cationic lipids play a crucial and decisive role in the entire DS, but also cause huge biosafety problems due to the high toxicity. In this study, a new DS for mRNA delivery that combines negatively charged phospholipids was developed in order to neutralize the positive charge and thus increase the safety. Further, the factors affecting mRNA transfection from cell to animal were investigated. The mRNA DS with optimum condition of lipid composition, proportions, structure, and transfection time was synthesized. Adding an appropriate amount of the anionic lipid to liposomes could increase the safety while maintaining the original transfection efficiency. For transporting mRNA in vivo, requirements regarding the mRNA encapsulation and releasing rate should be further considered to optimize DS design and preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanchun Xing
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Kubiura-Ichimaru M, Penfold C, Kojima K, Dollet C, Yabukami H, Semi K, Takashima Y, Boroviak T, Kawaji H, Woltjen K, Minoda A, Sasaki E, Watanabe T. mRNA-based generation of marmoset PGCLCs capable of differentiation into gonocyte-like cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1987-2002. [PMID: 37683645 PMCID: PMC10656353 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate germ cell development remains largely unexplored due to limitations in sample collection and the long duration of development. In mice, primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can develop into functional gametes by in vitro culture or in vivo transplantation. Such PGCLC-mediated induction of mature gametes in primates is highly useful for understanding human germ cell development. Since marmosets generate functional sperm earlier than other species, recapitulating the whole male germ cell development process is technically more feasible. Here, we induced the differentiation of iPSCs into gonocyte-like cells via PGCLCs in marmosets. First, we developed an mRNA transfection-based method to efficiently generate PGCLCs. Subsequently, to promote PGCLC differentiation, xenoreconstituted testes (xrtestes) were generated in the mouse kidney capsule. PGCLCs show progressive DNA demethylation and stepwise expression of developmental marker genes. This study provides an efficient platform for the study of marmoset germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Kubiura-Ichimaru
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Division of Molecular Genetics & Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Christopher Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kazuaki Kojima
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Constance Dollet
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Haruka Yabukami
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Katsunori Semi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Thorsten Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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5
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Andrzejewska A, Grzela R, Stankiewicz-Drogon A, Rogujski P, Nagaraj S, Darzynkiewicz E, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Mesenchymal stem cell engineering by ARCA analog-capped mRNA. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:454-468. [PMID: 37588684 PMCID: PMC10425852 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously have shown that mRNA-based engineering may enhance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) trafficking. However, optimal conditions for in vitro mRNA engineering of MSCs are unknown. Here, we investigated several independent variables: (1) transfection factor (Lipofectamine 2000 vs. TransIT), (2) mRNA purification method (spin column vs. high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] column), and (3) mRNA capping (ARCA vs. β-S-ARCA D1 and β-S-ARCA D2). Dependent variables included protein production based on mRNA template (measured by the bioluminescence of reporter gene luciferase over hours), MSC metabolic activity corresponding with their wellbeing measured by CCK-8 over days, and endogenous expression of genes by RT-qPCR related to innate intracellular immune response and decapping at two time points: days 2 and 5. We have found that Lipofectamine 2000 outperforms TransIT, and used it throughout the study. Then, we showed that mRNA must be purified by HPLC to be relatively neutral to MSCs in terms of metabolic activity and endogenous protein production. Ultimately, we demonstrated that β-S-ARCA D1 enables higher protein production but at the cost of lower MSC metabolic activity, with no impact on RT-qPCR results. Thus Lipofectamine 2000-based in vitro transfection of HPLC-purified and ARCA- or β-S-ARCA D1-capped mRNA is optimal for MSC engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Renata Grzela
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stankiewicz-Drogon
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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6
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Lv Z, Huang M, Yang J, Li P, Chang L, Tang Q, Chen X, Wang S, Yao C, Liu P, Yang D. A Smart DNA-Based Nanosystem Containing Ribosome-Regulating siRNA for Enhanced mRNA Transfection. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300823. [PMID: 37461803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is the prerequisite for the application of mRNA-based therapeutics. In hard-to-transfect cells, such as macrophages, the effective transfection of mRNA remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a smart DNA-based nanosystem is reported containing ribosome biogenesis-promoting siRNA, realizing efficient mRNA transfection in macrophages. Four monomers are copolymerized to form a nanoframework (NF), including N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as the skeleton and acrydite-DNA as the initiator to trigger the cascade assembly of DNA hairpins (H1-polyT and H2-siRNA). By virtue of the phase transition characteristic of polymeric NIPAM, below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, ≈34 °C), the NF swells to expose polyT sequences to hybridize with the polyA tail of mRNA. Above the LCST, the NF deswells to encapsulate mRNA. The disulfide bond in the NF responds to glutathione, triggering the disassembly of the nanosystem; the siRNA and mRNA are released in response to triphosadenine and RNase H. The siRNA down-regulates the expression of heat shock protein 27, which up-regulates the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The nanosystem shows satisfactory mRNA transfection and translation efficiency in a mouse model. It is envisioned that the DNA-based nanosystem will provide a promising carrier to deliver mRNA in hard-to-transfect cells and promote the development of mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Peiran Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lele Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Gretskaya N, Akimov M, Andreev D, Zalygin A, Belitskaya E, Zinchenko G, Fomina-Ageeva E, Mikhalyov I, Vodovozova E, Bezuglov V. Multicomponent Lipid Nanoparticles for RNA Transfection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041289. [PMID: 37111773 PMCID: PMC10141487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of available cationic lipid platforms for the delivery of nucleic acids into cells, the optimization of their composition has not lost its relevance. The purpose of this work was to develop multi-component cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with or without a hydrophobic core from natural lipids in order to evaluate the efficiency of LNPs with the widely used cationic lipoid DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-[trimethylammonium]-propane) and the previously unstudied oleoylcholine (Ol-Ch), as well as the ability of LNPs containing GM3 gangliosides to transfect cells with mRNA and siRNA. LNPs containing cationic lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol, and surfactants were prepared according to a three-stage procedure. The average size of the resulting LNPs was 176 nm (PDI 0.18). LNPs with DOTAP mesylate were more effective than those with Ol-Ch. Core LNPs demonstrated low transfection activity compared with bilayer LNPs. The type of phospholipid in LNPs was significant for the transfection of MDA-MB-231 and SW 620 cancer cells but not HEK 293T cells. LNPs with GM3 gangliosides were the most efficient for the delivery of mRNA to MDA-MB-231 cells and siRNA to SW620 cells. Thus, we developed a new lipid platform for the efficient delivery of RNA of various sizes to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Gretskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Akimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anton Zalygin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Translational Medicine, National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Belitskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Translational Medicine, National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Galina Zinchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena Fomina-Ageeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ilya Mikhalyov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir Bezuglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
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8
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Weill U, Hall RN, Drees L, Wang B, Rink JC. mRNA Transfection of S. mediterranea for Luminescence Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2680:263-275. [PMID: 37428384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3275-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Planarians have become a powerful model system for stem cell research and regeneration. While the tool kit for mechanistic investigations has been steadily expanding over the last decade, robust genetic tools for transgene expression are still lacking. We describe here methods for in vivo and in vitro mRNA transfection of the planarian species Schmidtea mediterranea. These methods utilize the commercially available TransIT-mRNA transfection reagent to efficiently deliver mRNA encoding a synthetic nanoluciferase reporter. Using a luminescent reporter overcomes the bright autofluorescent background of planarian tissues and allows quantitative measurements of protein expression levels. Collectively, our methods provide the means for heterologous reporter expression in planarian cells and the basis for future development of transgenic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Weill
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Leonard Drees
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jochen C Rink
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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van Heuvel Y, Schatz S, Hein M, Dogra T, Kazenmaier D, Tschorn N, Genzel Y, Stitz J. Novel suspension retroviral packaging cells generated by transposition using transposase encoding mRNA advance vector yields and enable production in bioreactors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1076524. [PMID: 37082212 PMCID: PMC10112512 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1076524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the establishment of high-titer stable viral packaging cells (VPCs) at large scale for gene therapeutic applications is very time- and cost-intensive. Here we report the establishment of three human suspension 293-F-derived ecotropic MLV-based VPCs. The classic stable transfection of an EGFP-expressing transfer vector resulted in a polyclonal VPC pool that facilitated cultivation in shake flasks of 100 mL volumes and yielded high functional titers of more than 1 × 106 transducing units/mL (TU/mL). When the transfer vector was flanked by transposon terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and upon co-transfection of a plasmid encoding for the transposase, productivities could be slightly elevated to more than 3 × 106 TU/mL. In contrast and using mRNA encoding for the transposase, as a proof of concept, productivities were drastically improved by more than ten-fold exceeding 5 × 107 TU/mL. In addition, these VPC pools were generated within only 3 weeks. The production volume was successfully scaled up to 500 mL employing a stirred-tank bioreactor (STR). We anticipate that the stable transposition of transfer vectors employing transposase transcripts will be of utility for the future establishment of high-yield VPCs producing pseudotype vector particles with a broader host tropism on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin van Heuvel
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campus Leverkusen, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schatz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campus Leverkusen, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanya Dogra
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazenmaier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natalie Tschorn
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campus Leverkusen, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campus Leverkusen, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jörn Stitz,
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10
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Ko SH, Kang JS, Kim SM, Lee EH, Park CH. Reduced Cytotoxicity by Repetitive mRNA Transfection in Differentiated Neurons. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:117-122. [PMID: 36581368 PMCID: PMC9978836 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives mRNA-based protein expression technology has been used to express functional proteins. We have previously generated dopamine neurons from rat-embryo derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) through repeated transfection of synthetic transcription factor mRNA encoding dopamine-inducible genes. However, NPCs began to die approximately 10 d post-transfection. In this study, we examined a long-term transfection protocol that did not affect cell viability. Methods and Results Experiments were performed in eight groups sorted according to the start date of mRNA transfection. mRNA was transfected into NPCs daily for 21 d and live cell images of each group were recorded. NPCs which were differentiated for more than five days showed sustained gene expression and appreciable viability despite daily mRNA transfection for 21 d. Conclusions Repeated mRNA transfection requires cells with a sufficient differentiation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Kang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence to Chang-Hwan Park, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea, Tel: +82-2-2220-0646, Fax: +82-2-2220-2422, E-mail:
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11
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Hall RN, Weill U, Drees L, Leal-Ortiz S, Li H, Khariton M, Chai C, Xue Y, Rosental B, Quake SR, Sánchez Alvarado A, Melosh NA, Fire AZ, Rink JC, Wang B. Heterologous reporter expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea through somatic mRNA transfection. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100298. [PMID: 36313809 PMCID: PMC9606109 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Planarians have long been studied for their regenerative abilities. Moving forward, tools for ectopic expression of non-native proteins will be of substantial value. Using a luminescent reporter to overcome the strong autofluorescence of planarian tissues, we demonstrate heterologous protein expression in planarian cells and live animals. Our approach is based on the introduction of mRNA through several nanotechnological and chemical transfection methods. We improve reporter expression by altering untranslated region (UTR) sequences and codon bias, facilitating the measurement of expression kinetics in both isolated cells and whole planarians using luminescence imaging. We also examine protein expression as a function of variations in the UTRs of delivered mRNA, demonstrating a framework to investigate gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these advances expand the toolbox for the mechanistic analysis of planarian biology and establish a foundation for the development and expansion of transgenic techniques in this unique model system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uri Weill
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Leonard Drees
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sergio Leal-Ortiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongquan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margarita Khariton
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chew Chai
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Z. Fire
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jochen C. Rink
- Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Ayad C, Yavuz A, Salvi JP, Libeau P, Exposito JY, Ginet V, Monge C, Verrier B, Arruda DC. Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of LipoParticles as mRNA Carrier Prepared by Automated Microfluidic System and Bulk Method. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1297. [PMID: 35745869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric and/or lipid platforms are promising tools for nucleic acid delivery into cells. We previously reported a lipid–polymer nanocarrier, named LipoParticles, consisting of polylactic acid nanoparticles surrounded by cationic lipids, and allowing the addition of mRNA and cationic LAH4-1 peptide at their surface. Although this mRNA platform has shown promising results in vitro in terms of mRNA delivery and translation, the bulk method used to prepare LipoParticles relies on a multistep and time-consuming procedure. Here, we developed an automated process using a microfluidic system to prepare LipoParticles, and we compared it to the bulk method in terms of morphology, physicochemical properties, and ability to vectorize and deliver mRNA in vitro. LipoParticles prepared by microfluidic presented a smaller size and more regular spherical shape than bulk method ones. In addition, we showed that the total lipid content in LipoParticles was dependent on the method of preparation, influencing their ability to complex mRNA. LipoParticles decorated with two mRNA/LAHA-L1 ratios (1/20, 1/5) could efficiently transfect mouse DC2.4 cells except for the automated 1/5 assay. Moreover, the 1/5 mRNA/LAHA-L1 ratio drastically reduced cell toxicity observed in 1/20 ratio assays. Altogether, this study showed that homogeneous LipoParticles can be produced by microfluidics, which represents a promising platform to transport functional mRNA into cells.
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13
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Pieschner S, Hasenauer J, Fuchs C. Identifiability analysis for models of the translation kinetics after mRNA transfection. J Math Biol 2022; 84:56. [PMID: 35577967 PMCID: PMC9110294 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic models are a powerful tool to gain insights into biological processes. The parameters of such models, e.g. kinetic rate constants, usually cannot be measured directly but need to be inferred from experimental data. In this article, we study dynamical models of the translation kinetics after mRNA transfection and analyze their parameter identifiability. That is, whether parameters can be uniquely determined from perfect or realistic data in theory and practice. Previous studies have considered ordinary differential equation (ODE) models of the process, and here we formulate a stochastic differential equation (SDE) model. For both model types, we consider structural identifiability based on the model equations and practical identifiability based on simulated as well as experimental data and find that the SDE model provides better parameter identifiability than the ODE model. Moreover, our analysis shows that even for those parameters of the ODE model that are considered to be identifiable, the obtained estimates are sometimes unreliable. Overall, our study clearly demonstrates the relevance of considering different modeling approaches and that stochastic models can provide more reliable and informative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pieschner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Oberschleißheim, Germany. .,Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany. .,Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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14
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Akhter S, Berchel M, Jaffrès PA, Midoux P, Pichon C. mRNA Lipoplexes with Cationic and Ionizable α-Amino-lipophosphonates: Membrane Fusion, Transfection, mRNA Translation and Conformation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:581. [PMID: 35335957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic liposomes are attractive carriers for mRNA delivery. Here, mRNA lipoplexes (LX) were prepared with the cationic lipids α-aminolipophosphonate (3b) or imidazolium lipophosphoramidate (2) associated with various α-aminolipophosphonates co-lipids comprising protonable groups (imidazole or pyridine) and DOPE. Physicochemical parameters of liposomes and their membrane fusion activity were measured. LXs comprising either 3b- or 2- allowed transfection of ~25% and 40% of dendritic cells with low cytotoxicity, respectively; the efficiency increased up to 80% when 2 was combined with the imidazole-based co-lipid 1. The transfections were high with 3b/1, 3b/DOPE, 2/1 and 2/DOPE LXs. We observed that the transfection level was not well correlated with the acid-mediated membrane fusion activity of liposomes supposed to destabilize endosomes. The mRNA release from LXs and its translation capacity after release were studied for the most efficient LXs. The results showed that the more mRNA was condensed, the poorer the translation efficiency after release was. In contrast to DNA, circular dichroism performed on mRNA complexed with 2/DOPE revealed the presence of denatured mRNA in LXs explaining this lack of translation efficiency. This is an important parameter that should be stressed for the preparation of mRNA LXs with a conserved mRNA translation activity.
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15
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Wang Y, Song H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Tang J, Yang Y, Yu C. Confined growth of ZIF-8 in dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles as bioregulators for enhanced mRNA delivery in vivo. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa268. [PMID: 34691708 PMCID: PMC8363327 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and its composites have diverse applications. However, ZIF-8-based nanocomposites are mainly used as carriers in biomolecular delivery, with the functions of metal ions and ligands rarely used to modulate the biofunctions. In this work, dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMONs) with tetrasulfide bond were used to confine ZIF-8 growth partially inside mesopores as a novel nanocomposite for mRNA delivery. Each component in the resultant DMONs-ZIF-8 contributed to mRNA delivery applications, including high loading benefitting from positively charged ZIF-8 and large mesopores of DMONs, endosomal escape promoted by the imidazole ring of ZIF-8, and long-term glutathione depletion mediated by both zinc ions and tetrasulfide bond. Combined together, DMONs-ZIF-8 demonstrated enhanced mRNA translation and better transfection efficiency than commercial products and toxic polymer-modified DMONs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yueqi Kong
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Qiu Y, Man RCH, Liao Q, Kung KLK, Chow MYT, Lam JKW. Effective mRNA pulmonary delivery by dry powder formulation of PEGylated synthetic KL4 peptide. J Control Release 2019; 314:102-15. [PMID: 31629037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) has considerable potential as therapy or vaccine for a range of lung diseases. Inhaled dry powder formulation of mRNA is particularly attractive as it has superior stability and dry powder inhaler is relatively easy to use. A safe and effective mRNA delivery vector as well as a suitable particle engineering method are required to produce a dry powder formulation that is respirable and mediates robust transfection in the lung. Here, we introduce a novel RNA delivery vector, PEG12KL4, in which the synthetic cationic KL4 peptide is attached to a monodisperse linear PEG of 12-mers. The PEG12KL4 formed nano-sized complexes with mRNA at 10:1 ratio (w/w) and mediated effective transfection on human lung epithelial cells. PEG12KL4/mRNA complexes were successfully formulated into dry powder by spray drying (SD) and spray freeze drying (SFD) techniques. Both SD and SFD powder exhibited satisfactory aerosol properties for inhalation. More importantly, the biological activity of the PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes were successfully preserved after drying. Using luciferase mRNA, the intratracheal administration of the liquid or powder aerosol of PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes at a dose of 5μg mRNA resulted in luciferase expression in the deep lung region of mice 24h post-transfection. The transfection efficiency was superior to naked mRNA or lipoplexes (Lipofectamine 2000), in which luciferase expression was weaker and restricted to the tracheal region only. There was no sign of inflammatory response or toxicity of the PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes after single intratracheal administration. Overall, PEG12KL4 is an excellent mRNA transfection agent for pulmonary delivery. This is also the first study that successfully demonstrates the preparation of inhalable dry powder mRNA formulations with in vivo transfection efficiency, showing the great promise of PEG12KL4 peptide as a mRNA delivery vector candidate for clinical applications.
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17
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Coats MT, Bydlinski N, Maresch D, Diendorfer A, Klanert G, Borth N. mRNA Transfection into CHO-Cells Reveals Production Bottlenecks. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900198. [PMID: 31475780 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining highly productive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-cell clones for the production of therapeutic proteins relies on multiple time-consuming selection steps. Several CHO-cell strains with high degrees of genomic and epigenetic variation are available. Each harbor potential advantages and disadvantages for any given product, particularly those considered difficult to express. A simple test system to quickly assess compatibility of cell line and product may therefore prove useful. Transient plasmid transfection falls short of the specific productivities of stable producer cells, making it unsuitable for the elucidation of high specific productivity bottlenecks. The aim of the study is to reach specific productivities approaching those of industrial production cell lines by transfection of in vitro transcribed mRNA. The system is characterized with respect to transfection efficacy (by quantitative PCR) and protein production (by flow cytometry and biolayer interferometry). Fluorescence of intracellular eGFP saturates at higher amounts of mRNA per cell, while the amount of secreted and intracellular EPO-Fc remain linearly correlated to the amount of mRNA taken up. Nevertheless, MS shows a severe reduction in N-glycosylation quality. This method allows for rapid elucidation of bottlenecks that would otherwise remain undetected until later during cell line development, giving insight into suitable strategies for preemptive targeted metabolic engineering and host cell line optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Coats
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Bydlinski
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria
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18
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Levy E, Reger R, Segerberg F, Lambert M, Leijonhufvud C, Baumer Y, Carlsten M, Childs R. Enhanced Bone Marrow Homing of Natural Killer Cells Following mRNA Transfection With Gain-of-Function Variant CXCR4 R334X. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31231387 PMCID: PMC6560173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells can induce remission in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia and myeloma. However, to date, clinical efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy has been limited to a sub-fraction of patients. Here we show that steps incorporated in the ex vivo manipulation/production of NK cell products used for adoptive infusion, such as over-night IL-2 activation or cryopreservation followed by ex vivo expansion, drastically decreases NK cell surface expression of the bone marrow (BM) homing chemokine receptor CXCR4. Reduced CXCR4 expression was associated with dampened in vitro NK cell migration toward its cognate ligand stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). NK cells isolated from patients with WHIM syndrome carry gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CXCR4 (CXCR4R334X). Compared to healthy donors, we observed that NK cells expanded from WHIM patients have similar surface levels of CXCR4 but have a much stronger propensity to home to BM compartments when adoptively infused into NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice. Therefore, in order to augment the capacity of adoptively infused NK cells to home to the BM, we genetically engineered ex vivo expanded NK cells to express the naturally occurring GOF CXCR4R334X receptor variant. Transfection of CXCR4R334X-coding mRNA into ex vivo expanded NK cells using a clinically applicable method consistently led to an increase in cell surface CXCR4 without altering NK cell phenotype, cytotoxic function, or compromising NK cell viability. Compared to non-transfected and wild type CXCR4-coding mRNA transfected counterparts, CXCR4R334X-engineered NK cells had significantly greater chemotaxis toward SDF-1α in vitro. Importantly, expression of CXCR4R334X on expanded NK cells resulted in significantly greater BM homing following adoptive transfer into NSG mice compared to non-transfected NK cell controls. Collectively, these data suggest up-regulation of cell surface CXCR4R334X on ex vivo expanded NK cells via mRNA transfection represents a novel approach to improve homing and target NK cell-based immunotherapies to BM where hematological malignancies reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Department of Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert Reger
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Childs
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Romenskaia I, DeAntonis CM, Presnyak V, Schultz JR, Ryan RO. High density lipoprotein promotes nascent apolipoprotein A-V secretion from mRNA transfected cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:387-91. [PMID: 30902391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite its exceptionally low circulating concentration, apolipoprotein (apo) A-V is a potent modulator of plasma triacylglycerol levels. The secretion efficiency of nascent apoA-V was investigated in cultured cells transfected with mRNA. Following transfection of HepG2 cells with wild type apoA-V mRNA, apoA-V protein was detectable in cell lysates by 6 h. At 24 h post transfection, evidence of apoA-V secretion into media was obtained, although most apoA-V was recovered in the cell lysate fraction. By contrast, apoA-I was efficiently secreted into the culture medium. A positive correlation between culture medium fetal bovine serum content and the percentage of apoA-V recovered in conditioned media was observed. When transfected cells were cultured in serum-free media supplemented with increasing amounts of high density lipoprotein, a positive correlation with apoA-V secretion was observed. The data indicate that, following signal sequence cleavage, the bulk of nascent apoA-V remains cell associated. Transit of nascent apoA-V out of cultured cells is enhanced by the availability of extracellular lipid particle acceptors.
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20
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Chandra P, Philips JA. Ectopic Gene Expression in Macrophages Using in vitro Transcribed mRNA. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2857. [PMID: 34285974 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that contribute to host defense through various mechanisms including phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Their antimicrobial capacity is subverted by clinically important intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study of host-pathogen interactions using these cells is therefore of considerable interest. Such studies often seek to express tagged proteins to characterize their activities, localizations, and protein-protein interactions. Here, we describe a robust method for transient protein expression in macrophages using mRNA lipoplex transfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Bire S, Ishac N, Rouleux-Bonnin F. In Vitro Synthesis, Delivery, and Bioavailability of Exogenous mRNA in Gene Transfer Mediated by PiggyBac Transposition. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1428:187-217. [PMID: 27236801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3625-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nonviral gene transfer is currently of great importance for introducing exogenous genes into genomes and for ensuring that transgene expression is suitable for therapeutic and bioproduction purposes. The piggyBac transposon-based system is particularly interesting since it is easy to engineer and has a large cargo capacity, up to 100 kb. In its setup, the system requires only the piggyBac transposase protein and the transgene delineated by the two piggyBac-specific inverted terminal repeats. Usually the source of transposase is carried by a DNA plasmid. However, the principal drawback of this method is the lasting presence of the transposase, due to episomal persistence or possible integration of the transposase gene vector into the cell's genome. This can lead to genotoxic effects such as multiple genomic integration events and remobilization of the transposon vector once it has been integrated. One alternative to improve the safety of the system is to deliver the transposase as in vitro-synthesized messenger RNA in order to define a very narrow expression window during which a one-shot transposition process would occur. Issues that can be encountered when working on mRNA cell transfer are related to the quality of the synthetic mRNA, the system used to introduce mRNA into the cells and the bioavailability of the mRNA molecules. Here we describe a method to produce mRNA, verify its quality, determine which transfecting reagents can be used and how this mRNA is available to promote the transposition process in HeLa cells. Additionally, we illustrate this method in stromal mesenchymal cell lines in order to support hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Bire
- LBTM, Institute of Biotechnology, UNIL-EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ishac
- LNOX, GICC UMR CNRS 7292, UFR de Médecine, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, 37032, France
| | - Florence Rouleux-Bonnin
- LNOX, GICC UMR CNRS 7292, UFR de Médecine, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, 37032, France.
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22
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Oh S, Kessler JA. Design, Assembly, Production, and Transfection of Synthetic Modified mRNA. Methods 2017; 133:29-43. [PMID: 29080741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are drivers of cell functions and are targets of many therapies. Exogenous protein expression techniques, therefore, have been essential for research and medicine. The most common method for exogenous protein expression relies on DNA-based viral or non-viral vectors. However, DNA-based vectors have the potential to integrate into the host genome and cause permanent mutations. RNA-based vectors solve this shortcoming. In particular, synthetic modified mRNA provides non-viral, integration-free, zero-footprint method for expressing proteins. Modified mRNA can direct cell fate specification and cellular reprogramming faster and more efficiently than other methods. Furthermore, when simultaneously express multiple different proteins, mRNA vectors allow for greater flexibility and control over stoichiometric ratios, dose titrations, and complete silencing of expressions. Additionally, modified mRNAs have been shown to be viable and safe as therapeutic agents for gene therapy and vaccine, providing an alternative approach to address diseases. Despite these advantages, technical challenge, mRNA instability, and host immunogenicity have caused significant barriers to widespread use of this technology. The comprehensive method presented here addresses all of these shortcomings. This stepwise protocol describes every step necessary for the synthesis of modified mRNA from any coding DNA sequence of interest. The meticulously detailed protocol enables the users to make alterations to each component of modified mRNA for even more significant customization, allowing the researchers to apply this technology to a wide range of uses. This non-cytotoxic synthetic modified mRNA can be used for protein expression, regulation of cell reprogramming or differentiation, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanders Oh
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Fromm PD, Papadimitrious MS, Hsu JL, Van Kooten Losio N, Verma ND, Lo TH, Silveira PA, Bryant CE, Turtle CJ, Prue RL, Vukovic P, Munster DJ, Nagasaki T, Barnard RT, Mahler SM, Anguille SA, Berneman Z, Horvath LG, Bradstock KF, Joshua DE, Clark GJ, Hart DNJ. CMRF-56(+) blood dendritic cells loaded with mRNA induce effective antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1168555. [PMID: 27471645 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1168555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous transcriptional, proteomic and functional differences between monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) and primary blood dendritic cells (BDC). The CMRF-56 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizes a cell surface marker, which is upregulated on BDC following overnight culture. Given its unique ability to select a heterogeneous population of BDC, we engineered a human chimeric (h)CMRF-56 IgG4 mAb to isolate primary BDC for potential therapeutic vaccination. The ability to select multiple primary BDC subsets from patients and load them with in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA encoding tumor antigen might circumvent the issues limiting the efficacy of Mo-DC. After optimizing and validating the purification of hCMRF-56(+) BDC, we showed that transfection of hCMRF-56(+) BDC with mRNA resulted in efficient mRNA translation and antigen presentation by myeloid BDC subsets, while preserving superior DC functions compared to Mo-DC. Immune selected and transfected hCMRF-56(+) BDC migrated very efficiently in vitro and as effectively as cytokine matured Mo-DC in vivo. Compared to Mo-DC, hCMRF-56(+) BDC transfected with influenza matrix protein M1 displayed superior MHC peptide presentation and generated potent antigen specific CD8(+) T-cell recall responses, while Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) transfected CMRF-56(+) BDC generated effective primary autologous cytotoxic T-cell responses. The ability of the combined DC subsets within hCMRF-56(+) BDC to present mRNA delivered tumor antigens merits phase I evaluation as a reproducible generic platform for the next generation of active DC immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Fromm
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael S Papadimitrious
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Van Kooten Losio
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nirupama D Verma
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsun Ho Lo
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo A Silveira
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian E Bryant
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron J Turtle
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Prue
- Mater Medical Research Institute , Raymond Terrace, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Vukovic
- Mater Medical Research Institute , Raymond Terrace, QLD, Australia
| | - David J Munster
- Mater Medical Research Institute , Raymond Terrace, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomoko Nagasaki
- Mater Medical Research Institute , Raymond Terrace, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross T Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sébastien A Anguille
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Antwerp University Hospital, Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth F Bradstock
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas E Joshua
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Haematology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina J Clark
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek N J Hart
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Dendritic cells are known to be the most potent antigen presenting cell in the immune system and are used as cellular adjuvants in therapeutic anticancer vaccines using various tumor-associated antigens or their derivatives. One way of loading antigen into the dendritic cells is by mRNA electroporation, ensuring presentation of antigen through major histocompatibility complex I and potentially activating T cells, enabling them to kill the tumor cells. Despite extensive research in the field, only one dendritic cell-based vaccine has been approved. There is therefore a great need to elucidate and understand the immunological impact of dendritic cell vaccination in order to improve clinical benefit. In this chapter, we describe a method for performing immune monitoring using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and autologous dendritic cells transfected with tumor-associated antigen-encoding mRNA.
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Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy based on the infusion of patient's own immune cells after ex vivo culturing is among the most potent forms of personalized treatment among recent clinical developments for the treatment of cancer. However, despite high rates of successful initial clinical responses, only about 20 % of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) enter complete and long-term regression, with the majority either relapsing after initial partial regression or not benefiting at all. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between the number infused T cells migrating to the tumor and the clinical response, but also that only a small fraction of adoptively transferred T cells reach the tumor site. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for transfection of TILs with mRNA encoding the chemokine receptor CXCR2 transiently redirecting and improving TILs migration toward tumor-secreted chemokines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Idorn
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Per Thor Straten
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Krug C, Birkholz K, Paulus A, Schwenkert M, Schmidt P, Hoffmann N, Hombach A, Fey G, Abken H, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Dörrie J, Schaft N. Stability and activity of MCSP-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) depend on the scFv antigen-binding domain and the protein backbone. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1623-35. [PMID: 26515978 PMCID: PMC11028909 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells emerged as effective tools in the immunotherapy of cancer but can produce severe on-target off-tissue toxicities. This risk can conceivably be overcome, at least partially, by transient transfection. The design of CARs, however, has so far not been optimized for use in non-permanent T cell modification. Here we compared the performance of T cells modified with three different first- and second-generation CARs, each specific for MCSP (HMW-MAA) which is commonly expressed by melanoma cells. Upon RNA transfer, the expression of all receptors was limited in time. The second-generation CARs, which combined CD28-CD3ζ signaling, were expressed at higher levels and more prolonged than first-generation CARs with CD3ζ only. The CD28 domain increased the cytokine production, but had only an indirect effect on the lytic capacity, by prolonging the CAR expression. Especially for the second-generation CARs, the scFv clearly impacted the level and duration of CAR expression and the T cell performance. Thus, we identified a CAR high in both expression and anti-tumor cell reactivity. T cells transfected with this CAR increased the mean survival time of mice after challenge with melanoma cells. To facilitate clinical application, this CAR was used to redirect T cells from late-stage melanoma patients by RNA transfection. These T cells mediated effective antigen-specific tumor cell lysis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even after cryoconservation of the transfected T cells. Taken together, the analysis identified a CAR with superior anti-melanoma performance after RNA transfer which is a promising candidate for clinical exploration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/immunology
- Protein Stability
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krug
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Birkholz
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Paulus
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwenkert
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Hoffmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Fey
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Liao W, Pham V, Liu L, Riazifar M, Pone EJ, Zhang SX, Ma F, Lu M, Walsh CM, Zhao W. Mesenchymal stem cells engineered to express selectin ligands and IL-10 exert enhanced therapeutic efficacy in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Biomaterials. 2016;77:87-97. [PMID: 26584349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affords the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the efficacy of MSC-based therapy for MS likely depends on the number of cells that home to inflamed tissues and on the controlled production of paracrine and immunomodulatory factors. Previously, we reported that engineered MSCs expressing P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and Sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLeX) via mRNA transfection facilitated the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to inflamed ear. Here, we evaluated whether targeted delivery of MSCs with triple PSGL1/SLeX/IL-10 engineering improves therapeutic outcomes in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model for human MS. We found PSGL-1/SLeX mRNA transfection significantly enhanced MSC homing to the inflamed spinal cord. This is consistent with results from in vitro flow chamber assays in which PSGL-1/SleX mRNA transfection significantly increased the percentage of rolling and adherent cells on activated brain microvascular endothelial cells, which mimic the inflamed endothelium of blood brain/spinal cord barrier in EAE. In addition, IL-10-transfected MSCs show significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from EAE mice. In vivo treatment with MSCs engineered with PSGL-1/SLeX/IL-10 in EAE mice exhibited a superior therapeutic function over native (unmodified) MSCs, evidenced by significantly improved myelination and decreased lymphocytes infiltration into the white matter of the spinal cord. Our strategy of targeted delivery of performance-enhanced MSCs could potentially be utilized to increase the effectiveness of MSC-based therapy for MS and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Lee K, Yu P, Lingampalli N, Kim HJ, Tang R, Murthy N. Peptide-enhanced mRNA transfection in cultured mouse cardiac fibroblasts and direct reprogramming towards cardiomyocyte-like cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1841-54. [PMID: 25834424 PMCID: PMC4358644 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of myocardial infarction is a major challenge in medicine due to the inability of heart tissue to regenerate. Direct reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes via the delivery of transcription factor mRNAs has the potential to regenerate cardiac tissue and to treat heart failure. Even though mRNA delivery to cardiac fibroblasts has the therapeutic potential, mRNA transfection in cardiac fibroblasts has been challenging. Herein, we develop an efficient mRNA transfection in cultured mouse cardiac fibroblasts via a polyarginine-fused heart-targeting peptide and lipofectamine complex, termed C-Lipo and demonstrate the partial direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts towards cardiomyocyte cells. C-Lipo enabled the mRNA-induced direct cardiac reprogramming due to its efficient transfection with low toxicity, which allowed for multiple transfections of Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) mRNAs for a period of 2 weeks. The induced cardiomyocyte-like cells had α-MHC promoter-driven GFP expression and striated cardiac muscle structure from α-actinin immunohistochemistry. GMT mRNA transfection of cultured mouse cardiac fibroblasts via C-Lipo significantly increased expression of the cardiomyocyte marker genes, Actc1, Actn2, Gja1, Hand2, and Tnnt2, after 2 weeks of transfection. Moreover, this study provides the first direct evidence that the stoichiometry of the GMT reprogramming factors influence the expression of cardiomyocyte marker genes. Our results demonstrate that mRNA delivery is a potential approach for cardiomyocyte generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwoo Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA ; UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley/San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pengzhi Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA ; UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley/San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Perez S, Fishman S, Bordowitz A, Margalit A, Wong FS, Gross G. Selective immunotargeting of diabetogenic CD4 T cells by genetically redirected T cells. Immunology 2015; 143:609-17. [PMID: 24943731 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role played by islet-reactive CD8 and CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes calls for new immunotherapies that target pathogenic T cells in a selective manner. We previously demonstrated that genetically linking the signalling portion of CD3-ζ onto the C-terminus of β2 -microglobulin and an autoantigenic peptide to its N-terminus converts MHC-I complexes into functional T-cell receptor-specific receptors. CD8 T cells expressing such receptors specifically killed diabetogenic CD8 T cells, blocked T-cell-induced diabetes in immunodeficient NOD.SCID mice and suppressed disease in wild-type NOD mice. Here we describe the immunotargeting of CD4 T cells by chimeric MHC-II receptors. To this end we chose the diabetogenic NOD CD4 T-cell clone BDC2.5, which recognizes the I-A(g7) -bound 1040-31 mimotope. We assembled several constructs encoding I-A(g7) α- and β-chains, the latter carrying mim or hen egg lysozyme peptide as control, each supplemented with CD3-ζ intracellular portion, either with or without its transmembrane domain. Following mRNA co-transfection of reporter B3Z T cells and mouse CD8 and CD4 T cells, these constructs triggered robust activation upon I-A(g7) cross-linking. A BDC2.5 T-cell hybridoma activated B3Z transfectants expressing the mimotope, but not the control peptide, in both configurations. Potent two-way activation was also evident with transgenic BDC2.5 CD4 T cells, but peptide-specific activation required the CD3-ζ transmembrane domain. Chimeric MHC-II/CD3-ζ complexes therefore allow the selective immunotargeting of islet-reactive CD4 T cells, which take part in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Perez
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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30
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Leonhardt C, Schwake G, Stögbauer TR, Rappl S, Kuhr JT, Ligon TS, Rädler JO. Single-cell mRNA transfection studies: delivery, kinetics and statistics by numbers. Nanomedicine 2014; 10:679-88. [PMID: 24333584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In artificial gene delivery, messenger RNA (mRNA) is an attractive alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA) since it does not require transfer into the cell nucleus. Here we show that, unlike for pDNA transfection, the delivery statistics and dynamics of mRNA-mediated expression are generic and predictable in terms of mathematical modeling. We measured the single-cell expression time-courses and levels of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) using time-lapse microscopy and flow cytometry (FC). The single-cell analysis provides direct access to the distribution of onset times, life times and expression rates of mRNA and eGFP. We introduce a two-step stochastic delivery model that reproduces the number distribution of successfully delivered and translated mRNA molecules and thereby the dose-response relation. Our results establish a statistical framework for mRNA transfection and as such should advance the development of RNA carriers and small interfering/micro RNA-based drugs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of authors established a statistical framework for mRNA transfection by using a two-step stochastic delivery model that reproduces the number distribution of successfully delivered and translated mRNA molecules and thereby their dose-response relation. This study establishes a nice connection between theory and experimental planning and will aid the cellular delivery of mRNA molecules.
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