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Seveno J, Car A, Sirjacobs D, Fullgrabe L, Dupčić Radić I, Lejeune P, Leignel V, Mouget JL. Benthic Diatom Blooms of Blue Haslea spp. in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:583. [PMID: 37999407 PMCID: PMC10672038 DOI: 10.3390/md21110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue Haslea species are marine benthic pennate diatoms able to synthesize a blue-green water-soluble pigment, like marennine produced by H. ostrearia Simonsen. New species of Haslea synthetizing blue pigments were recently described (H. karadagensis, H. nusantara, H. provincialis and H. silbo). Their marennine-like pigments have allelopathic, antioxidative, antiviral and antibacterial properties, which have been demonstrated in laboratory conditions. Marennine is also responsible for the greening of oysters, for example, in the Marennes Oléron area (France), a phenomenon that has economical and patrimonial values. While blue Haslea spp. blooms have been episodically observed in natural environments (e.g., France, Croatia, USA), their dynamics have only been investigated in oyster ponds. This work is the first description of blue Haslea spp. benthic blooms that develop in open environments on the periphyton, covering turf and some macroalgae-like Padina. Different sites were monitored in the Mediterranean Sea (Corsica, France and Croatia) and two different blue Haslea species involved in these blooms were identified: H. ostrearia and H. provincialis. A non-blue Haslea species was also occasionally encountered. The benthic blooms of blue Haslea followed the phytoplankton spring bloom and occurred in shallow calm waters, possibly indicating a prominent role of light to initiate the blooms. In the absence of very strong winds and water currents that can possibly disaggregate the blue biofilm, the end of blooms coincided with the warming of the upper water masses, which might be profitable for other microorganisms and ultimately lead to a shift in the biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Seveno
- BIOSSE Laboratory, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France
- Station de Recherches Sous-Marines et Océanographiques STARESO, 20260 Calvi, France (P.L.)
| | - Ana Car
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia; (A.C.)
| | - Damien Sirjacobs
- InBioS–PhytoSYSTEMS Laboratory, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lovina Fullgrabe
- Station de Recherches Sous-Marines et Océanographiques STARESO, 20260 Calvi, France (P.L.)
| | - Iris Dupčić Radić
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia; (A.C.)
| | - Pierre Lejeune
- Station de Recherches Sous-Marines et Océanographiques STARESO, 20260 Calvi, France (P.L.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- BIOSSE Laboratory, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- BIOSSE Laboratory, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France
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Yusuf M, Baroroh U, Nuwarda RF, Prasetiya FS, Ishmayana S, Novianti MT, Tohari TR, Hardianto A, Subroto T, Mouget JL, Pasetto P. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Evidence of 1,3-β-Glucan in Marennine of Haslea ostrearia. Molecules 2023; 28:5625. [PMID: 37570595 PMCID: PMC10419454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Marennine, a blue pigment produced by the blue diatom Haslea ostrearia, is known to have some biological activities. This pigment is responsible for the greening of oysters on the West Coast of France. Other new species of blue diatom, H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit., H. provincialis sp. inedit, and H. nusantara, also produce marennine-like pigments with similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms present a commercial potential for the aquaculture, food, cosmetics, and health industries. Unfortunately, for a hundred years, the exact molecular structure of this bioactive compound has remained a mystery. A lot of hypotheses regarding the chemical structure of marennine have been proposed. The recent discovery of this structure revealed that it is a macromolecule, mainly carbohydrates, with a complex composition. In this study, some glycoside hydrolases were used to digest marennine, and the products were further analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The reducing sugar assay showed that marennine was hydrolyzed only by endo-1,3-β-glucanase. Further insight into the structure of marennine was provided by the spectrum of 1H NMR, MS, a colorimetric assay, and a computational study, which suggest that the chemical structure of marennine contains 1,3-β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Umi Baroroh
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology Pharmacy, Indonesian School of Pharmacy, Bandung 40266, Indonesia
| | - Rina Fajri Nuwarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Fiddy Semba Prasetiya
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Safri Ishmayana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Mia Tria Novianti
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Taufik Ramdani Tohari
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Ari Hardianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
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Zebiri I, Jacquette B, Francezon N, Herbaut M, Latigui A, Bricaud S, Tremblay R, Pasetto P, Mouget JL, Dittmer J. The Polysaccharidic Nature of the Skeleton of Marennine as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21010042. [PMID: 36662215 PMCID: PMC9865362 DOI: 10.3390/md21010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The water-soluble blue-green pigment marennine, produced and partly excreted by the diatom Haslea ostrearia, and known for a long time for its role in the greening of oysters, was isolated from the culture medium, purified, and analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to gain insight into its chemical structure. The spectra show mainly carbohydrates of a complex composition, apparently highly branched, and with a mass in the order of 10 kDa. There are, in addition, some signals of aliphatic and, much weaker, aromatic groups that present aglycons. The latter might be responsible for the color. These carbohydrates are always associated with the blue-green color and cannot be separated from it by most treatments; they are interpreted as constituting the frame of the pigment. NMR after hydrolysis identifies the most abundant monosaccharides in marennine as galactose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, and fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Zebiri
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Boris Jacquette
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Nellie Francezon
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Mickaël Herbaut
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Amina Latigui
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Sullivan Bricaud
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jens Dittmer
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Correspondence: (J.D.)
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Francezon N, Herbaut M, Bardeau JF, Cougnon C, Bélanger W, Tremblay R, Jacquette B, Dittmer J, Pouvreau JB, Mouget JL, Pasetto P. Electrochromic Properties and Electrochemical Behavior of Marennine, a Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment Produced by the Marine Diatom Haslea ostrearia. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040231. [PMID: 33921595 PMCID: PMC8073169 DOI: 10.3390/md19040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marennine has long been known as the unique peculiar pigment responsible for the natural greening of oysters. It is specifically produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia and it is a natural blue molecule indeed promising for food industry because of the rarity of such non-toxic, blue-colored pigments. In the search for its still not defined molecular structure, investigation of the color changes with the redox state has been carried out combining different approaches. Reducing and oxidizing chemicals have been added to purified marennine solutions and a stable blue-green color has been confirmed for the oxidized state, while a yellow color corresponded to the reduced unstable state. Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor changes in the Raman spectra corresponding to the different colored states, and cyclic voltammetry has allowed the detection of a redox system in which protons and electrons are exchanged. These findings show that marennine is a suitable stable blue pigment for use in food applications and help in the elucidation of the chromophore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Francezon
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Mickaël Herbaut
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-François Bardeau
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Charles Cougnon
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200 Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment K, Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France
| | - William Bélanger
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Boris Jacquette
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jens Dittmer
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- EA 1157, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
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Bélanger W, Arnold AA, Turcotte F, Saint-Louis R, Deschênes JS, Genard B, Marcotte I, Tremblay R. Extraction Improvement of the Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment " Marennine" from Diatom Haslea ostrearia's Blue Water: A Solid-Phase Method Based on Graphitic Matrices. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E653. [PMID: 33352967 DOI: 10.3390/md18120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound “marennine” is a blue–green pigment produced by the benthic microalgae Haslea ostrearia, with pathogenicity reduction activities against some bacteria and promising potential as a natural pigment in seafood industries. After decades of research, the chemical family of this compound still remains unclear, mainly because structural studies were impaired by the presence of co-extracted compounds in marennine isolates. To improve the purity of marennine extract, we developed a novel extraction method using a graphitic stationary phase, which provides various advantages over the previous procedure using tandem ultrafiltration. Our method is faster, more versatile, provides a better crude yield (66%, compared to 57% for ultrafiltration) and is amenable to upscaling with continuous photobioreactor cultivation. Our goal was to take advantage of the modulable surface properties of the graphitic matrix by optimizing its interactions with marennine. As such, the effects of organic modifiers, pH and reducing agents were studied. With this improvement on marennine purification, we achieved altogether the isolation of a fucoidan-related, sulfated polysaccharide from blue water. Characterization of the polysaccharides fraction suggests that roughly half of UV-absorbing compounds could be isolated from the marennine crude extracts. The identification of sulfated polysaccharides could be a major breakthrough for marennine purification, providing targeted isolation techniques. Likewise, the added value of Haslea ostrearia and the role of polysaccharides in previous marennine chemical characterization and bioactivity studies remain to be determined.
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Falaise C, James A, Travers MA, Zanella M, Badawi M, Mouget JL. Complex Relationships between the Blue Pigment Marennine and Marine Bacteria of the Genus Vibrio. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E160. [PMID: 30857186 DOI: 10.3390/md17030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marennine, the water-soluble blue pigment produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia, is known to display antibacterial activities. Previous studies have demonstrated a prophylactic effect of marennine on bivalve larvae challenged with a pathogenic Vibrio splendidus, suggesting that the blue Haslea is a good candidate for applications in aquaculture as a source of a natural antimicrobial agent. Indeed, the genus Vibrio is ubiquitous in aquaculture ecosystems, and regular events of pathogenic invasion cause some of the biggest losses worldwide. To better characterize the effects of marennine on Vibrios, a panel of 30 Vibrio strains belonging to 10 different species was tested, including bivalve pathogenic species (e.g., Vibrio crassostreae and Vibrio harveyi). Vibrio strains were first exposed to 10 and 25 µg mL-1 of Blue Water (BW), a concentrated culture supernatant of H. ostrearia containing marennine. This screening evidenced a great diversity in responses, from growth stimulation to a total inhibition, at both the interspecific or intraspecific level. In a second series of experiments, 10 Vibrio strains were exposed to BW at concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 µg mL-1. The highest concentrations of BW did not systematically result in the highest growth inhibition as hormetic responses-opposite effects regarding the concentration-were occasionally evidenced. The relationships between marennine and Vibrio strains appear more complex than expected and justify further study-in particular, on the mechanisms of action-before considering applications as a natural prophylactic or antibiotic agent in aquaculture.
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