1
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Yang SL, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu C, Liu H, Jiang D, Lavendomme R, Zhang D, Gao EQ. Confinement inside MOFs Enables Guest-Modulated Spin Crossover of Otherwise Low-Spin Coordination Cages. JACS Au 2023; 3:2183-2191. [PMID: 37654592 PMCID: PMC10466325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of discrete coordination cages within nanoporous lattices is an intriguing strategy to gain unusual properties and functions. We demonstrate here that the confinement of coordination cages within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows the spin state of the cages to be regulated through multilevel host-guest interactions. In particular, the confined in situ self-assembly of an anionic FeII4L6 nanocage within the mesoporous cationic framework of MIL-101 leads to the ionic MOF with an unusual hierarchical host-guest structure. While the nanocage in solution and in the solid state has been known to be invariantly diamagnetic with low-spin FeII, FeII4L6@MIL-101 exhibits spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in response to temperature and release/uptake of water guest within the MOF. The distinct color change concomitant with water-induced SCO enables the use of the material for highly selective colorimetric sensing of humidity. Moreover, the spin state and the SCO behavior can be modulated also by inclusion of a guest into the hydrophobic cavity of the confined cage. This is an essential demonstration of the phenomenon that the confinement within porous solids enables an SCO-inactive cage to show modulable SCO behaviors, opening perspectives for developing functional supramolecular materials through hierarchical host-guest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Liang Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department
of EEE, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Haiming Liu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Engineering
Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School
of Physics and Electronic Science, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang L, Jiao Y, Yang H, Jia X, Li H, He C, Si W, Duan C. Supramolecular Host-Guest Strategy for the Accelerating Detection of Nitroreductase. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21198-21209. [PMID: 37070853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying nitroreductase (NTR) with fluorescent techniques has become a research hotspot, due to its good sensitivity and selectivity toward the early-stage cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Herein, a host-guest reporter (NAQA⊂Zn-MPPB) is successfully achieved by encapsulating the NTR probe NAQA into a new NADH-functioned metal-organic cage Zn-MPPB, which makes the reporter for ultrafast detection of NTR within dozens of seconds in solution. The host-guest strategy fuses the Zn-MPPB and NAQA to form a pseudomolecule material, which changes the reaction process of NTR and NAQA from a double substrates mechanism to a single substrate one, and accelerates the reduction efficiency of NAQA. This advantage make the new host-guest reporter exhibit a linear relationship between emission changes and NTR concentration, and it shows better sensitively toward NTR than that of NAQA. Additionally, the positively charged water-soluble metal-organic cage can encapsulate NAQA in the cavity, promote it to dissolve in an aqueous environment, and facilitate their accumulation into tumor cells. As expected, such host-guest reporter displays a fast and high efficiently imaging capability toward NTR in tumor cells and tumor-bearing mice, and flow cytometry assay is conducted to corroborate the capability as well, implying the considerably potential of host-guest strategy for early tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Si
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang L, Geng Z, Ho YYL, Zhou J, Judge N, Li Y, Wang W, Liu J, Wang Y. Block Co-PolyMOC Micelles and Structural Synergy as Composite Nanocarriers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:30546-30556. [PMID: 35748507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) disassemble into individual polymer chains upon dilution to a critical concentration, which causes the premature release of the encapsulated drugs and reduces the drug's bioavailability. Here, by integrating the emerging metal-organic cage (MOC) materials with BCPs, we introduce a new type of composite micellar nanoparticles, block co-polyMOC micelles (or BCPMMs), that are self-assembled in essence yet remarkably stable against dilution. BCPMMs are fabricated via a stepwise assembly strategy that combines MOCs and BCPs in a well-defined, unimolecular core-shell structure. The synergistical interplay between the two components accounts for the particle stability: the MOC core holds BCPs firmly in place and the BCPs increase the MOC's bioavailability. When used as nanocarriers for anticancer drugs, BCPMMs showed an extended blood circulation, a favorable biodistribution, and eventually an improved treatment efficacy in vivo. Given the versatility in designing MOCs and BCPs, we envision that BCPMMs can serve as a modular platform for robust, multifunctional, and tunable nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhongmin Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yannis Y L Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Nicola Judge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Hou CP, Chen XL, Huang ZJ, Lei Y, Xiao LM, Huang JF, Li SY, Liu JM. Robust Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Promotion: Immobilization of a Fluorescein Dye-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Cage on TiO 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:57230-57240. [PMID: 34841847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of artificial photocatalytic devices that simulates the ingenious and efficient photosynthetic systems in nature is promising. Herein, a metal-organic cage [Pd6(NPyCzPF)12]12+ (MOC-PC6) integrating 12 organic ligands NPyCzBP and 6 Pd2+ catalytic centers is designed, which is well defined to include organic dye fluorescein (FL) for constructing a supramolecular photochemical molecular device (SPMD) FL@MOC-PC6. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between MOC-PC6 and the encapsulated FL has been observed by steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. FL@MOC-PC6 is successfully heterogenized with TiO2 by a facile sol-gel method to achieve a robust heterogeneous FL@MOC-PC6-TiO2. The close proximity between the Pd2+ catalytic site and FL included in the cage enables PET from the photoexcited FL to Pd2+ sites through a powerful intramolecular pathway. The photocatalytic hydrogen production assessments of the optimized 4 wt % FL@MOC-PC6-TiO2 demonstrate an initial H2 production rate of 2402 μmol g-1 h-1 and a turnover number of 4356 within 40 h, enhanced by 15-fold over that of a homogeneous FL@MOC-PC6. The effect of the MOC content on photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) is investigated and the inefficient comparison systems, such as MOC-PC6, MOC-PC6-TiO2, FL-sensitized MOC-PC6/FL-TiO2, and analogue FL/MOC-PC6-TiO2 with free FL, are evaluated. This study provides a creative and distinctive approach for the design and preparation of novel heterogeneous SPMD catalysts based on MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin-Lun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shao-Yong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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5
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Qin S, Lei Y, Guo J, Huang JF, Hou CP, Liu JM. Constructing Heterogeneous Direct Z-Scheme Photocatalysts Based on Metal-Organic Cages and Graphitic-C 3N 4 for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25960-25971. [PMID: 34036785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of artificial devices that mimic the highly efficient and ingenious photosystems in nature is worthy of in-depth study. A metal-organic cage (MOC) Pd2(M-4)4(BF4)4, denoted as MOC-Q1, integrating four organic photosensitized ligands M-4 and two Pd2+ catalytic centers is designed for a photochemical molecular device (PMD). MOC-Q1 is successfully immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by hydrogen bonds to obtain a robust heterogeneous direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/MOC-Q1 photocatalyst for H2 generation under visible light. The optimized g-C3N4/MOC-Q1 (2 wt %) system shows high hydrogen evolution activity (4495 μmol g-1 h-1 based on the catalyst mass) and exhibits stable performances for 25 h (a turnover number of 19,268 based on MOC-Q1), significantly outperforming pure MOC-Q1, g-C3N4, and comparsion materials Pd/g-C3N4/M-4, which is the highest one of all reported heterogeneous MOC-based photocatalysts under visible irradiation. This enhancement can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of high-efficient electron transfer, extended visible-light response region, and good protective environment for MOC-Q1 arising from an efficient direct Z-scheme heterostructure of g-C3N4/MOC-Q1. This rationally designed and synthesized MOC/g-C3N4-based heterogeneous PMD is expected to have great potential in photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chao-Ping Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun-Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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6
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Zhu J, Bošković F, Nguyen BNT, Nitschke JR, Keyser UF. Kinetics of Toehold-Mediated DNA Strand Displacement Depend on Fe II4L 4 Tetrahedron Concentration. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1368-1374. [PMID: 33508195 PMCID: PMC7886027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (SDR) is a powerful enzyme-free tool for molecular manipulation, DNA computing, signal amplification, etc. However, precise modulation of SDR kinetics without changing the original design remains a significant challenge. We introduce a new means of modulating SDR kinetics using an external stimulus: a water-soluble FeII4L4 tetrahedral cage. Our results show that the presence of a flexible phosphate group and a minimum toehold segment length are essential for FeII4L4 binding to DNA. SDRs mediated by toehold ends in different lengths (3-5) were investigated as a function of cage concentration. Their reaction rates all first increased and then decreased as cage concentration increased. We infer that cage binding on the toehold end slows SDR, whereas the stabilization of intermediates that contain two overhangs accelerates SDR. The tetrahedral cage thus serves as a versatile tool for modulation of SDR kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Zhu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of
Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Filip Bošković
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of
Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Bao-Nguyen T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Ulrich F. Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of
Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
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7
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Yang Y, Rehak P, Xie TZ, Feng Y, Sun X, Chen J, Li H, Král P, Liu T. Nanosheets and Hydrogels Formed by 2 nm Metal-Organic Cages with Electrostatic Interaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56310-56318. [PMID: 33269903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the mechanism of hydrogel formation in dilute aqueous solutions (>15 mg/mL) by 2 nm metal-organic cages (MOCs). Experiments and all-atom simulations confirm that with the addition of small electrolytes, the MOCs self-assemble into 2D nanosheets via counterion-mediated attraction because of their unique molecular structure and charge distribution as well as σ-π interactions. The stiff nanosheets are difficult to bend into 3-D hollow, spherical blackberry type structures, as observed in many other macroion systems. Instead, they stay in solution and their very large excluded volumes lead to gelation at low (∼1.5 wt %) MOC concentrations, with additional help from hydrophobic and partial π-π interactions similar to the gelation of graphene oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- The School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Pavel Rehak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ting-Zheng Xie
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Feng
- The School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xinyu Sun
- The School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- The School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge Nation Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tianbo Liu
- The School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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Wang YP, Wu K, Pan M, Li K, Mo JT, Duan XH, He HZ, Shen J, Su CY. One-/Two-Photon Excited Cell Membrane Imaging and Tracking by a Photoactive Nanocage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:35873-35881. [PMID: 32667184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane imaging by predesigned molecular and supramolecular photoluminescence probes is of great importance in understanding the nano-biointeractions for potential applications in cellular tracking, drug delivery, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. Herein, we report an effective strategy for cell membrane imaging in both living cell and tissue levels on the basis of a multifunctional nanocage (MOC-16) integrating one-/two-photon active phosphorescence, high charges, balanced hydrophobicity/lipophilicity, and proton sensitivity attributes. The intrinsic optical characters, including strong one-/two-photon excitation and pH-dependent red emission, make MOC-16 powerful optical probes for membrane imaging in living cell and tissue levels under both visible and near-infrared irradiations. Meanwhile, the highly positive charges of +28 endow MOC-16 with adequate water solubility and deprotonation ability while still maintaining its hydrophobicity, thus enabling balanced hydrophobic-lipophilic interactions at the nano-biointerface to facilitate a pH-dependent membrane absorption within the biological pH range of 5.3-7.4. However, the low-charged RuL3 metalloligand or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified MOC-16PEG with less hydrophobicity cannot offer enough nano-biointeractions for cell membrane tracking. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of nano-biointerface interactions of MOCs with cell membranes and provide further guidance in their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kai Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kang Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun-Ting Mo
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Duan
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hao-Zhe He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhu W, Noureddine A, Howe JY, Guo J, Brinker CJ. Conversion of Metal-Organic Cage to Ligand-Free Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanocluster Catalysts Confined within Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Supports. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1512-1519. [PMID: 30716276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Supported ultrasmall noble metal nanocluster-based (UNMN-based) catalysts are one of the most important classes of solid materials for heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, we present a novel strategy for the controlled synthesis of ligand-free UNMN nanocatalysts based on in situ reduction of a palladium-based (Pd-based) metal-organic cage (MOC) confined within monosized, thiol-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) supports. By taking advantage of the high mutual solubility of MOCs and MSNs in DMSO and the strong interactions between the thiol-modified MSN pore wall and MOC surface, a good dispersion of MOC molecules was achieved throughout the MSN support. The close correspondence of the MSN pore diameter (ca. 5.0 nm) with the diameter of the MOC (ca. 4.0 nm) confines MOC packing to approximately a monolayer. Based on this spatial constraint and electrostatic binding of the MOC to the thiol-modified MSN pore surface, in situ MOC reduction followed by metal atom diffusion, coalescence, and anchoring on the active sites resulted in ligand-free Pd-based UNMNs of approximately 0.9 ± 0.2 nm in diameter decorating the MSN pore surfaces. Control experiments of the reduction of a conventional palladium source or the reduction of free, unconstrained cages in solution under the same conditions only produced large metal nanocrystals (NP, >2 nm), confirming the importance of confined reduction to achieve a highly catalytically active surface. In light of this strategy, two catalytic experiments including the reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol and the Suzuki C-C coupling reaction show superior catalytic activity of the engineered MSN-supported UNMN nanocatalysts compared to their free form and state of the art commercial catalysts. We believe that our new strategy will open new avenues for artificially designed UNMN-inspired nanoarchitectures for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Nanotechnology Systems Division , Hitachi High-Technologies America Inc. , 22610 Gateway Center Drive #100 , Clarksburg , Maryland 20871 , United States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
- Advanced Materials Laboratory , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
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