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Rätsep E, Ojkic D. Canine distemper virus infection of vaccinal origin in a 14-week-old puppy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:287-290. [PMID: 38362661 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241229436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The body of a 14-wk-old puppy (Canis familiaris) was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of intermittent anorexia and lethargy progressing to pyrexia, pruritic skin rash, mucoid nasal discharge, decreased mentation, dysphagia, muscle twitches, and focal seizures. Gross examination revealed rhinitis and pulmonary edema. Histologically, there was fibrinonecrotizing bronchopneumonia, tracheitis, and neutrophilic and lymphohistiocytic rhinitis; rarely within the cortical gray and white matter of the brain were small clusters of glial cells, with rare individual neutrophils in the choroid plexus. Although canine distemper was suspected, none of the usual supportive histologic lesions of distinct syncytial cells, viral inclusion bodies, or demyelinating leukoencephalitis were observed. Lung and brain tissues were PCR-positive for canine distemper virus (CDV), and CDV was detected immunohistochemically in the brain. The agent from the PCR-positive sample from the brain was genotyped and was a 99.9% match to the CDV Rockborn strain, indicating that the disease agent in our case was vaccinal in origin. Our unusual case highlights the possibility of reversion to virulence in a modified-live virus vaccine, and the occurrence of a disease in the absence of a full complement of the usual and compatible histologic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rätsep
- Animal Health Laboratory, Kemptville, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Tamukai K, Minami S, Kurihara R, Shimoda H, Mitsui I, Maeda K, Une Y. Molecular evidence for vaccine-induced canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus 2 coinfection in a fennec fox. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:598-603. [PMID: 32560597 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720934809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-d-old fennec fox (Vulpes zerda), 11 d after receiving a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, and canine coronavirus, developed oculonasal discharge, and subsequently convulsions, and hemoptysis, and died. Microscopic changes in the cerebrum were evident, including neuronal degeneration and necrosis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in astrocytes. CDV was detected in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions of multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia had Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in the bronchial epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline arrays of adenovirus-like particles within the intranuclear inclusions. Additionally, the hemagglutinin gene of CDV and the CAdV-2 DNA polymerase gene were detected in the fennec fox; sequence analysis showed 100% identity with those of the vaccine strain viruses. To our knowledge, vaccine-induced CDV and CAdV-2 coinfections using molecular analysis have not been reported previously. Therefore, vaccine strains should be considered prior to CDV vaccination in nondomestic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tamukai
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Shohei Minami
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Rio Kurihara
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Ken Maeda
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
| | - Yumi Une
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Tamukai).,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (Minami, Shimoda).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan (Kurihara).,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan (Mitsui, Une).,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Maeda)
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Jeong J, Kang I, Kim S, Park SJ, Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Chae C. A modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 vaccine protects late-term pregnancy gilts against heterologous PRRSV-1 but not PRRSV-2 challenge. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018. [PMID: 29536637 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnancy gilts. Gilts were vaccinated with the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine at 4 weeks prior to breeding and then challenged intranasally with PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 at 93 days of gestation. After PRRSV-1 challenge, vaccinated pregnant gilts had a significantly longer gestation period, significantly higher numbers of live-born and weaned piglets and a significantly lower number of stillborn piglets at birth compared to unvaccinated pregnant gilts. No significant improvement in reproductive performance was observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant gilts following PRRSV-2 challenge. Vaccinated pregnant gilts also exhibited a significantly improved reproductive performance after challenge with PRRSV-1 compared to vaccinated pregnant gilts following PRRSV-2 challenge. The PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was able to reduce PRRSV-1 but not PRRSV-2 viremia in pregnant gilts. Vaccinated gilts also showed a significantly higher number of PRRSV-1-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) compared to PRRSV-2-specific IFN-γ-SC. The data presented here suggest that the vaccination of pregnant gilts with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine provides good protection against PRRSV-1 but only limited protection against PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnancy gilts based on improvement of reproductive performance, reduction in viremia and induction of IFN-γ-SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-J Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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