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Xu S, Chen S, Li Y, Gao Q, Luo X, Li M, Ren L, Wang P, Liu L, Wang J, Chen X, Chen Q, Zhu Y. Dual Function of Naphthalenediimide Supramolecular Photocatalyst with Giant Internal Electric Field for Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution. Small 2024:e2400344. [PMID: 38497503 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic supramolecular photocatalysts have garnered widespread attention due to their adjustable structure and exceptional photocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel bis-dicarboxyphenyl-substituent naphthalenediimide self-assembly supramolecular photocatalyst (SA-NDI-BCOOH) with efficient dual-functional photocatalytic performance is successfully constructed. The large molecular dipole moment and short-range ordered stacking structure of SA-NDI-BCOOH synergistically create a giant internal electric field (IEF), resulting in a remarkable 6.7-fold increase in its charge separation efficiency. Additionally, the tetracarboxylic structure of SA-NDI-BCOOH greatly enhances its hydrophilicity. Thus, SA-NDI-BCOOH demonstrates efficient dual-functional activity for photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution, with rates of 372.8 and 3.8 µmol h-1 , respectively. Meanwhile, a notable apparent quantum efficiency of 10.86% at 400 nm for hydrogen evolution is achieved, prominently surpassing many reported supramolecular photocatalysts. More importantly, with the help of dual co-catalysts, it exhibits photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with H2 and O2 evolution rates of 3.2 and 1.6 µmol h-1 . Briefly, this work sheds light on enhancing the IEF by controlling the molecular polarity and stacking structure to dramatically improve the photocatalytic performance of supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xingjian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
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Eo JS, Shin J, Yang S, Jeon T, Lee J, Choi S, Lee C, Wang G. Tailoring the Interfacial Band Offset by the Molecular Dipole Orientation for a Molecular Heterojunction Selector. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101390. [PMID: 34499429 PMCID: PMC8564428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and designing interfacial band alignment in a molecular heterojunction provides a foundation for realizing its desirable electronic functionality. In this study, a tailored molecular heterojunction selector is implemented by controlling its interfacial band offset between the molecular self-assembled monolayer with opposite dipole orientations and the 2D semiconductor (1L -MoS2 or 1L -WSe2 ). The molecular dipole moment direction determines the direction of the band bending of the 2D semiconductors, affecting the dominant transport pathways upon voltage application. Notably, in the molecular heterostructure with 1L -WSe2 , the opposite rectification direction is observed depending on the molecular dipole moment direction, which does not hold for the case with 1L -MoS2 . In addition, the nonlinearity of the molecular heterojunction selector can be significantly affected by the molecular dipole moment direction, type of 2D semiconductor, and metal work function. According to the choice of these heterojunction constituents, the nonlinearity is widely tuned from 1.0 × 101 to 3.6 × 104 for the read voltage scheme and from 0.4 × 101 to 2.0 × 105 for the half-read voltage scheme, which can be scaled up to an ≈482 Gbit crossbar array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Eo
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Yang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Takgyeong Jeon
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Choi
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Chul‐Ho Lee
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy EngineeringKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy EngineeringKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
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Werner P, Wächter T, Asyuda A, Wiesner A, Kind M, Bolte M, Weinhardt L, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Electron Transfer Dynamics and Structural Effects in Benzonitrile Monolayers with Tuned Dipole Moments by Differently Positioned Fluorine Atoms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39859-39869. [PMID: 32805830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the influence of the molecular dipole moment on the electron transfer (ET) dynamics across the molecular framework, two series of differently fluorinated, benzonitrile-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) bound to Au(111) by either thiolate or selenolate anchoring groups were investigated. Within each series, the molecular structures were the same with the exception of the positions of two fluorine atoms affecting the dipole moment of the SAM-forming molecules. The SAMs exhibited a homogeneous anchoring to the substrate, nearly upright molecular orientations, and the outer interface comprised of the terminal nitrile groups. The ET dynamics was studied by resonant Auger electron spectroscopy in the framework of the core-hole clock method. Resonance excitation of the nitrile group unequivocally ensured an ET pathway from the tail group to the substrate. As only one of the π* orbitals of this group is hybridized with the π* system of the adjacent phenyl ring, two different ET times could be determined depending on the primary excited orbital being either localized at the nitrile group or delocalized over the entire benzonitrile moiety. The latter pathway turned out to be much more efficient, with the characteristic ET times being a factor 2.5-3 shorter than those for the localized orbital. The dynamic ET properties of the analogous thiolate- and selenolate-based adsorbates were found to be nearly identical. Finally and most importantly, these properties were found to be unaffected by the different patterns of the fluorine substitution used in the present study, thus showing no influence of the molecular dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Werner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wiesner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Kind
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang Q, Franco-Cañellas A, Yang J, Hausch J, Struzek S, Chen M, Thakur PK, Gerlach A, Duhm S, Schreiber F. Heteromolecular Bilayers on a Weakly Interacting Substrate: Physisorptive Bonding and Molecular Distortions of Copper-Hexadecafluorophthalocyanine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14542-14551. [PMID: 32109044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heteromolecular bilayers of π-conjugated organic molecules on metals, considered as model systems for more complex thin film heterostructures, are investigated with respect to their structural and electronic properties. By exploring the influence of the organic-metal interaction strength in bilayer systems, we determine the molecular arrangement in the physisorptive regime for copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) on Au(111) with intermediate layers of 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide. Using the X-ray standing wave technique to distinguish the different molecular layers, we show that these two bilayers are ordered following their deposition sequence. Surprisingly, F16CuPc as the second layer within the heterostructures exhibits an inverted intramolecular distortion compared to its monolayer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jiacheng Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Julian Hausch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Struzek
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mengting Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Pardeep Kumar Thakur
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Tountas M, Verykios A, Polydorou E, Kaltzoglou A, Soultati A, Balis N, Angaridis PA, Papadakis M, Nikolaou V, Auras F, Palilis LC, Tsikritzis D, Evangelou EK, Gardelis S, Koutsoureli M, Papaioannou G, Petsalakis ID, Kennou S, Davazoglou D, Argitis P, Falaras P, Coutsolelos AG, Vasilopoulou M. Engineering of Porphyrin Molecules for Use as Effective Cathode Interfacial Modifiers in Organic Solar Cells of Enhanced Efficiency and Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:20728-20739. [PMID: 29785853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we effectively modify the TiO2 electron transport layer of organic solar cells with an inverted architecture using appropriately engineered porphyrin molecules. The results show that the optimized porphyrin modifier bearing two carboxylic acids as the anchoring groups and a triazine electron-withdrawing spacer significantly reduces the work function of TiO2, thereby reducing the electron extraction barrier. Moreover, the lower surface energy of the porphyrin-modified substrate results in better physical compatibility between the latter and the photoactive blend. Upon employing porphyrin-modified TiO2 electron transport layers in PTB7:PC71BM-based organic solar cells we obtained an improved average power conversion efficiency up to 8.73%. Importantly, porphyrin modification significantly increased the lifetime of the devices, which retained 80% of their initial efficiency after 500 h of storage in the dark. Because of its simplicity and efficacy, this approach should give tantalizing glimpses and generate an impact into the potential of porphyrins to facilitate electron transfer in organic solar cells and related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Tountas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
- School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens , Zografou Campus , 15780 Athens , Greece
| | - Apostolis Verykios
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Ermioni Polydorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Kaltzoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Balis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Angaridis
- Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , University of Crete , Voutes Campus , Heraklion 70013 , Crete , Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , University of Crete , Voutes Campus , Heraklion 70013 , Crete , Greece
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Spyros Gardelis
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimioupolis , 15784 Zografos, Athens , Greece
| | - Matroni Koutsoureli
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimioupolis , 15784 Zografos, Athens , Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimioupolis , 15784 Zografos, Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis D Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute , National Hellenic Research Foundation , Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48 , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Davazoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , University of Crete , Voutes Campus , Heraklion 70013 , Crete , Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens , Greece
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