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Bauer AE, Avery CL, Shi M, Weinberg CR, Olshan AF, Harmon QE, Luo J, Yang J, Manuck T, Wu MC, Klungsøyr K, Trogstad L, Magnus P, Engel SM. Do Genetic Variants Modify the Effect of Smoking on Risk of Preeclampsia in Pregnancy? Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:44-52. [PMID: 34839469 PMCID: PMC10127527 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal smoking is associated with as much as a 50% reduced risk of preeclampsia, despite increasing risk of other poor pregnancy outcomes that often co-occur with preeclampsia, such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Researchers have long sought to understand whether this perplexing association is biologically based, or a result of noncausal mechanisms. We examined whether smoking-response genes modify the smoking-preeclampsia association to investigate potential biological explanations. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a nested case-control study within the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Birth Cohort (1999-2008) of 2,596 mother-child dyads. We used family-based log-linear Poisson regression to examine modification of the maternal smoking-preeclampsia relationship by maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in cellular processes related to components of cigarette smoke (n = 1,915 with minor allele frequency ≥10%). We further investigated the influence of smoking cessation during pregnancy. RESULTS Three polymorphisms showed overall (p < 0.001) multiplicative interaction between smoking and maternal genotype. For rs3765692 (TP73) and rs10770343 (PIK3C2G), protection associated with smoking was reduced with two maternal copies of the risk allele and was stronger in continuers than quitters (interaction p = 0.02 for both loci, based on testing 3-level smoking by 3-level genotype). For rs2278361 (APAF1) the inverse smoking-preeclampsia association was eliminated by the presence of a single risk allele, and again the trend was stronger in continuers than in quitters (interaction p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Evidence for gene-smoking interaction was limited, but differences by smoking cessation warrant further investigation. We demonstrate the potential utility of expanded dyad methods and gene-environment interaction analyses for outcomes with complex relationships between maternal and fetal genotypes and exposures. KEY POINTS · Maternal and fetal genotype may differentially influence preeclampsia.. · Smoking-related genes did not strongly modify smoking-preeclampsia association.. · Smoking cessation reduced strength of gene by smoking interactions..
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, United States
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, United States
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, United States
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-03, Durham, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-03, Durham, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, United States
| | - Quaker E. Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-05, Durham, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Mammalian Genotyping Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Crossing C, 2234 Nelson Highway, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, United States
| | - Jenny Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, United States
| | - Tracy Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3009 Old Clinic Building, CB# 7570, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7570, United States
| | - Michael C. Wu
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M2-8500, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, United States
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Monalisa NN, Frongillo EA, Blake CE, Steck SE, DiPietro RB. Strategies elementary school children use to influence mothers' food purchasing decisions. Matern Child Nutr 2023; 19:e13539. [PMID: 37321980 PMCID: PMC10483942 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the strategies elementary-school-aged children used to influence mothers' food purchasing decisions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 children aged 6-11 years and their mothers living in South Carolina. Strategies to influence mothers' food purchases were collected from children and their mothers separately. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and open-coded. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis. Coding matrices were used to compare children's and mothers' responses on the children's strategies. Children reported 157 instances of 25 distinct strategies to influence mothers' purchasing decisions. Mothers had concordance with 83 instances of these strategies. Mothers were more concordant with sons than daughters. The most common and successful strategies reported by children and mothers were repeated polite requests, reasoned requests and referencing friends. Other strategies included offers to contribute money or service, using other family members to pursue mothers for the item, writing a list and grabbing desired items. Mothers perceived that children had a large influence on food purchasing decisions. Children were aware of the strategies that would get positive reactions from mothers. They (children) could get their desired items a lot of times, often, or several times in a month from their mothers irrespective of the healthfulness of the items. Children's influence can be used as a change agent for improving mothers' food purchases if children prefer healthy foods. Efforts are needed for mothers and children to help address children's strategies to influence mothers to purchase unhealthy foods and make healthy foods more appealing to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazratun N. Monalisa
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, Office of Research, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christine E. Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robin B. DiPietro
- School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management, College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport ManagementUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Wang SD, Dzubur E, Naya CH, Mason TB, Dunton GF. Dyadic Effects of Pokémon GO on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Mothers and Children. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 15:142-151. [PMID: 36896453 PMCID: PMC9987425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Family-based mobile health applications may be an opportunity to increase children's physical activity (PA) levels. Researchers have highlighted Pokémon GO as a potential model for future PA interventions as it integrates PA with social gamification. This study provides descriptive data on Pokémon GO usage among mothers and their children and examines differences in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) over time among individuals playing Pokémon GO compared to non-players using a dyadic subsample from a three-year longitudinal study. After the release of Pokémon Go in July 2016, 156 mother-child dyads completed questionnaires about Pokémon Go usage and wore accelerometers continuously for seven days at baseline (Sep 2016), six months, and twelve months. Independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests were used to investigate differences in demographics and daily MVPA by player status cross-sectionally at each time point. At baseline, six mothers and 21 children reported playing Pokémon Go. Baseline demographic characteristics were not associated with player status. Across time, mothers engaged in an average of 21.12 minutes of daily MVPA (SD = 19.7) and children in 29.35 minutes (SD = 18.88). Children's daily MVPA did not differ by player status, but mothers who reported playing engaged in higher daily MVPA (M = 46.84, SD = 38.07) compared to non-players (M = 21.40, SD = 23.31). This naturalistic study lacked power to further analyze changes in MVPA after the release of the game due to lack of engagement with Pokémon GO. Understanding how to design a family-oriented game to bring together gamification, physical activity, and family-based interventions will be important for future public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirlene D Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Department of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine H Naya
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ha OR, Bruce AS, Killian HJ, Davis AM, Lim SL. Shared Dynamics of Food Decision-Making in Mother-Child Dyads. Front Psychol 2021; 12:695388. [PMID: 34456810 PMCID: PMC8387796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored risk parameters of obesity in food decision-making in mother-child dyads. We tested 45 children between 8–12 years and their biological mothers to measure the decision weights of food health attributes, the decision weights of food taste attributes, self-regulated food decisions, and self-reported self-control scores. Maternal body mass index (BMI), and children's BMI-percentiles-for-age were also measured. We found a positive correlation between children's and their mothers' decision weights of taste attributes in food decision-making. We also found a positive correlation between children's BMI %iles and their mothers' BMIs. Children with overweight/obesity demonstrated lower correlations between health and taste ratings and a lower percentage of self-regulated food decisions (i.e., resisting to eat tasty but unhealthy foods or choosing to eat not-tasty but healthy foods) than children with healthy weight. Our findings suggested that the decision weights of taste attributes and weight status shared similar patterns in mother-child dyads. Also, the findings suggested that establishing dynamics of unhealthy food-decision making may increase the risk of childhood obesity. Helping children to develop the dynamics of healthy food-decision making by increasing the importance of health while decreasing the importance of taste may promote resilience to susceptibility to unhealthy eating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Ryeong Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Amanda S Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Haley J Killian
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ann M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Bauer AE, Avery CL, Shi M, Weinberg CR, Olshan AF, Harmon QE, Luo J, Yang J, Manuck T, Wu MC, Williams N, McGinnis R, Morgan L, Klungsøyr K, Trogstad L, Magnus P, Engel SM. A Family Based Study of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide Signalling Genes and Preeclampsia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018; 32:1-12. [PMID: 28881463 PMCID: PMC5771849 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is thought to originate during placentation, with incomplete remodelling and perfusion of the spiral arteries leading to reduced placental vascular capacity. Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are powerful vasodilators that play a role in the placental vascular system. Although family clustering of preeclampsia has been observed, the existing genetic literature is limited by a failure to consider both mother and child. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within the Norwegian Mother and Child Birth Cohort of 1545 case-pairs and 995 control-pairs from 2540 validated dyads (2011 complete pairs, 529 missing mother or child genotype). We selected 1518 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency >5% in NO and CO signalling pathways. We used log-linear Poisson regression models and likelihood ratio tests to assess maternal and child effects. RESULTS One SNP met criteria for a false discovery rate Q-value <0.05. The child variant, rs12547243 in adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8), was associated with an increased risk (relative risk [RR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 1.69 for AG vs. GG, RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.47, 3.11 for AA vs. GG, Q = 0.03). The maternal variant, rs30593 in PDE1C was associated with a decreased risk for the subtype of preeclampsia accompanied by early delivery (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27, 0.75 for TC vs. CC; Q = 0.02). None of the associations were replicated after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS This study uses a novel approach to disentangle maternal and child genotypic effects of NO and CO signalling genes on preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Quaker E. Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jenny Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tracy Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michael C. Wu
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Ralph McGinnis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morgan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Per Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Abstract
This paper aims to restore the father and paternal function to their rightful place alongside the mother and maternity in order to counter the prevailing matricentric, dyadic bias in psychoanalytic theory and technique. The author contends that both the symbolic and the actual, flesh-and-blood father are necessary to optimize his child's development. The paternal function inevitably operates in a triadic matrix; thirdness is always psychically in existence-with the father ever present in the mother's unconscious mind-and the paternal third is necessary to open up symbolic space. As an embodied other, the actual father, both as a separating agent and an attracting object, is called upon to recognize his child's otherness throughout the inescapable father-child rivalries, neglect, and desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Diamond
- Training and Supervising Analyst at Los Angeles Institute and Society for Psychoanalytic Studies
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Dahmen B, Firk C, Konrad K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. [Adolescent parenting – developmental risks for the mother-child dyad]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2014; 41:407-17; quiz 417-8. [PMID: 24240497 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent mothers and their children are exposed to multiple psychosocial risk factors and represent a high-risk group for adverse developmental outcomes. It is not the mother's young age alone which contributes to the developmental risk of the mother-child dyad. Rather, both the combination of risks, such as poverty, domestic violence, dysfunctional family relationships, or a psychiatric disorder, all of which predispose to adolescent pregnancy, as well as the strains of parenthood during the mother's own developmental stage add to the psychosocial risks of children of teenage mothers. Early motherhood can lead to lower levels of education and a lower socioeconomic status. In addition, there is a higher risk for psychopathology in both the teenage mother and her child. This article provides an overview of the current research findings regarding adolescent parenting and its associated risks. Risk factors leading to early motherhood are reviewed and associated with differences in parenting behaviors and the developmental outcomes of their children. This article will conclude with a short overview on intervention programs for adolescent mothers and their children. Further research is needed to develop age-appropriate support programs for adolescent mothers and their children to cope with the complexity of risks and improve their developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Dahmen
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Aachen
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