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Martín-Talavera L, Gavín-Chocano Ó, Sanz-Junoy G, Molero D. Self-Concept and Self-Esteem, Determinants of Greater Life Satisfaction in Mountain and Climbing Technicians and Athletes. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1188-1201. [PMID: 37504479 PMCID: PMC10378547 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the exponential growth that sports practice in mountain and climbing disciplines have experienced has led to trying to find an explanation for the predisposition of those socio-emotional factors of these athletes that are considered in the search for sensations and the achievement of greater satisfaction with life. In this study, 4818 people with a sports license in the Spanish Federation of Mountain and Climbing Sports (FEDME) participated; 67.1% were men and 32.9% women. The mean age of the participants was 49.42 years (±11.9), between a range of 18 to 76 years. The following instruments were used: the Self-concept scale (AF5), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Life satisfaction scale (SWLS). The objective of this research was to study the enhancing effect of self-esteem between self-concept (physical, emotional and social) and life satisfaction. A reflective model of structural equations (PLS-SEM) was applied based on the proposed theoretical framework from an explanatory-predictive perspective. The results show the self-esteem determination coefficients [(Q2 = 0.141); (R2 = 0.302)] and life satisfaction [(Q2 = 0.243); (R2 = 0.342)] in the estimation of the model, indicating an adequate fit. Mountaineering and climbing sports can be very rewarding, but they can also be challenging and frustrating. Having a good self-concept and good self-esteem allows the athlete to enjoy achieving greater life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Talavera
- Spanish Federation of Mountain Sports and Climbing, Floridablanca 84, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Sanz-Junoy
- Spanish Federation of Mountain Sports and Climbing, Floridablanca 84, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Molero
- Department of Pedagogy, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Faulhaber M, Ruedl G, Schneider F, Walter D, Sterr R, Schobersberger W, Schwendinger F, Pocecco E. Characteristics of Victims of Fall-Related Accidents during Mountain Hiking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17031115. [PMID: 32050553 PMCID: PMC7036860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated characteristics of non-fatal mountain hiking accidents caused by falls. Questionnaires were sent to mountain hikers who suffered a fall-related accident in Tyrol (Austria) during a 3-year period. The questionnaire included details of socio-demographic data, physical activity, medication intake, defective vision, breaks, fluid intake, level of fatigue, muscle soreness, use of backpacks, use of hiking sticks, and type of shoes. Data of 405 individuals (57% females and 43% males) were included in the analyses. Victims were 56 ± 15 years of age, had a body mass index of 24.8 ± 3.5, and indicated 4.2 ± 3.9 h/week regular physical activity. A defective vision was reported by 70% of the victims, breaks were frequent (in 80%), and alcohol intake was rare (4%) among the interviewed hikers. Subjective level of fatigue was low and only 5% reported muscle soreness. A backpack was carried by 83% of the victims and the average weight was higher in males compared to females. The majority (61%) of the victims wore ankle-height hiking shoes with a profiled sole. Victims of non-fatal falls in mountain hiking are older than the general population of mountain hikers and are often afflicted with defective vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.R.); (F.S.); (E.P.)
- Austrian Society of Alpine and High Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-507-45893
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.R.); (F.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Friedemann Schneider
- Department for Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Dagmar Walter
- Austrian Board of Alpine Safety, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.W.); (R.S.)
| | - Regina Sterr
- Austrian Board of Alpine Safety, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.W.); (R.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Austrian Society of Alpine and High Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria;
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), 6060 Hall/Tyrol, Austria
| | - Fabian Schwendinger
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.R.); (F.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.R.); (F.S.); (E.P.)
- Pedagogical University Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Niedermeier M, Gatterer H, Pocecco E, Frühauf A, Faulhaber M, Menz V, Burtscher J, Posch M, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Winter Season-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010259. [PMID: 31905912 PMCID: PMC6981978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Annually, millions of people engage in mountain sports activities all over the world. These activities are associated with health benefits, but concurrently with a risk for injury and death. Knowledge on death rates is considered important for the categorization of high-risk sports in literature and for the development of effective preventive measures. The death risk has been reported to vary across different mountain sports primarily practiced in the summer season. To complete the spectrum, the aim of the present review is to compare mortality rates across different mountain sports activities primarily practiced in winter. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the death risk (mortality) during such activities, i.e., alpine (downhill) skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, ski touring, and sledging. With the exception of ski touring (4.4 deaths per 1 million exposure days), the mortality risk was low across different winter sports, with small activity-specific variation (0.3–0.8 deaths per 1 million exposure days). Traumatic (e.g., falls) and non-traumatic (e.g., cardiac death) incidents and avalanche burial in ski tourers were the predominant causes of death. Preventive measures include the improvement of sport-specific skills and fitness, the use of protective gear, well-targeted and intensive training programs concerning avalanche hazards, and sports-medical counseling for elderly and those with pre-existing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Center for Teaching Methodology, Pedagogical University Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anika Frühauf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Menz
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Gatterer H, Niedermeier M, Pocecco E, Frühauf A, Faulhaber M, Menz V, Burtscher J, Posch M, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Summer Season-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E3920. [PMID: 31618960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people engage in mountain sports activities worldwide. Although leisure-time physical activity is associated with significant health benefits, mountain sports activities also bear an inherent risk for injury and death. However, death risk may vary across various types of mountain sports activities. Epidemiological data represent an important basis for the development of preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compare mortality rates and potential risk factors across different (summer) mountain sports activities. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the death risk (mortality) in mountain sports, primarily practiced during the summer season, i.e., mountain hiking, mountain biking, paragliding, trekking, rock, ice and high-altitude climbing. It was found that the death risk varies considerably between different summer mountain sports. Mortality during hiking, trekking and biking in the mountains was lower compared to that during paragliding, or during rock, ice or high-altitude climbing. Traumatic deaths were more common in activities primarily performed by young adults, whereas the number of deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases was higher in activities preferred by the elderly such as hiking and trekking. Preventive efforts must consider the diversity of mountain sports activities including differences in risk factors and practitioners and may more particularly focus on high-risk activities and high-risk individuals.
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